Assuntos
COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Dieta Saudável/métodos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Idoso/imunologia , Terapia Nutricional/métodos , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Terapia Nutricional/normas , Guias de Prática Clínica como AssuntoRESUMO
Older adults are at increased risk for vitamin and mineral deficiencies that contribute to age-related immune system decline. Several lines of evidence suggest that taking a multi-vitamin and mineral supplement (MVM) could improve immune function in individuals 55 and older. To test this hypothesis, we provided healthy older adults with either an MVM supplement formulated to improve immune function (Redoxon® VI, Singapore) or an identical, inactive placebo control to take daily for 12 weeks. Prior to and after treatment, we measured (1) their blood mineral and vitamin status (i.e., vitamin C, zinc and vitamin D); (2) immune function (i.e., whole blood bacterial killing activity, neutrophil phagocytic activity, and reactive oxygen species production); (3) immune status (salivary IgA and plasma cytokine/chemokine levels); and (4) self-reported health status. MVM supplementation improved vitamin C and zinc status in blood and self-reported health-status without altering measures of immune function or status or vitamin D levels, suggesting that healthy older adults may benefit from MVM supplementation. Further development of functional assays and larger study populations should improve detection of specific changes in immune function after supplementation in healthy older adults. Clinical Trials Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02876315.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/imunologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ingestão de Alimentos/imunologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Idoso/imunologia , Minerais/administração & dosagem , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Citocinas/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Idoso/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/metabolismo , Masculino , Minerais/sangue , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Fagocitose , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Vitaminas/sangueRESUMO
Resistance exercise induces changes in leukocyte redistribution, phenotypical surface expression and leukocyte functionality. Several factors have been shown to alter the temporal pattern and/or magnitude of response including manipulation of acute program variables, the aging process, and nutritional supplementation. Rest period length and load can modify the temporal pattern and/or magnitude of leukocytosis post exercise. Aging diminishes both the duration and magnitude of the post exercise leukocytosis and reduces leukocyte functionality. The few studies that assessed the effects of nutritional supplements (e.g., carbohydrate, whey protein, caffeine) peri-resistance exercise showed minimal effects on leukocyte responses. Sex differences exist in the timing and magnitude of leukocyte infiltration into skeletal muscle. The immune response to resistance exercise is only a small part of the recovery paradigm. A better understanding of how acute program variables and other factors such as aging, sex and nutritional supplementation affect the immune response to resistance exercise is important in the context of improving recovery, performance and health.