[The historical examples of 'self-bumping' by inadvertency]. / Istoricheskie primery 'samonatykaniia' po neostorozhnosti.

The stories of 'self-bumping up' against a sharp object by inadvertency appeared in the historical chronicles with a periodicity of once per each 1000 years. The victims of such accidents include, inter alia, the Persian tsar Kambik II (522 b.c), Russian tsarevich Dimitry (1591), etc. The forensic medical analysis of the self-bumping by inadvertency episodes involving the historical characters made it possible to evaluate the circumstances, specific features and mechanism of the resulting injuries, the specific features of the inflicted wounds and their outcomes.

[History of trauma care]. / Istoria îngrijirii pacientului traumatizat.

BACKGROUND: Since its inception, the man suffered injuries through falls, fire, drowning and interpersonal conflict. While the mechanism and frequency of different specific injuries has changed passing of millennia, trauma remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in modern society. Although the war is presented as one of the four knights of the Apocalypse, we must emphasize the important developments of surgical experience during war. The purpose of this study is to highlight the lessons learned during the history and how they changed the modern trauma care. METHOD: Systematic review of English language literature using computer searching of Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health International MEDLINE database using PubMed Entre interface. RESULTS: The first historical record of a trauma medical care is 3605 years ago. Over the past decades, one of the most important changes in trauma patient care is the selective nonoperative management (SNOM) of significant abdominal visceral injuries. SNOM was first described in 1968, for splenic trauma, by Upadhyay and Simpson. It was accepted much later for liver injuries. Beginning from 1960 - 1970, SNOM was introduced for abdominal stab wounds. Exploratory laparotomy remains the standard approach for abdominal gunshot wounds until 1990, when centers from United States and South Africa first reported cases successfully managed nonoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The trauma surgery has evolved continuously over the centuries, according to more and more severe modem injuries.

Perimortem weapon trauma in an adult male skeleton from the Italic necropolis of Opi Val Fondillo (VI-V century BC; Central Italy).

The author describes weapon traumatic lesions in an adult male skeleton, that was excavated in the Italic necropolis of Opi Val Fondillo, Central Italy. The preservation of the skeleton is very good. The skull shows a linear lesion across the diploE of the right parietal and occipital bones; the edge of the traumatic lesion is smooth and perpendicular to the bone surface. The injury was probably inflicted with a sharp-edged weapon and the violence of the stroke caused the detachment of bone fragments and fractures that radiate from the point of impact. A sharp-edged linear traumatic lesion, probably inflicted with a blade, is visible on the ventral surface of the vertebral bodies of atlas and axis; the blade detached the right transverse process of the atlas and penetrated in the vertebral body of the axis. Another sharp-edged linear traumatic injury is observed on the anterior surface of the body of thoracic vertebrae. There are no traumatic lesions of the ribs and the last injury was probably inflected down with a blade, while the body lying on the ground. The posterior surface of the diaphysis of the right femur shows an incomplete perimortem fracture, probably due to a compression down upon. Probably the adult male was killed during a fight and enemy had done with him, while he was lying on the ground holding fast his legs strongly. A comparison is made between the lesions and the modality of combat as well as the type of the weapons used by the Samnitic warriors.