Prevention and Management of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis in the Pediatric Population: An Integrative Review.

An integrative review was conducted to synthesize evidence on prevention and management of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in the pediatric population. A 5-step integrative process was used to guide the review. Articles published from January 2000 to April 6, 2017, were identified and retrieved from CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest (MEDLINE), and Scopus; key terms were associated with IAD, pediatric, prevention, and management. Supplemental and manual searches were carried out to identify other relevant studies. The studies' findings were extracted and summarized in a table of evidence, with their quality evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist. Sixteen articles were included in the review. Articles explored prevention and management strategies including skin cleansing technique, diaper selection, and the application of topical skin care products. Inconsistent and limited evidence was found regarding the benefits of using disposable wipes in preference to water-moistened washcloths in the cleansing process and on the use of superabsorbent polymer diapers with breathable outer lining in IAD prevention. Findings were inconclusive with regard to the best topical skin care product for IAD care. However, the application of skin protectants was encouraged by the authors, as well as promoted in various clinical guidelines. The development of a structured skin care regimen supplemented by a comprehensive patient education program was advised to enhance the prevention and management of IAD.

Historia y actualidad de productos para la piel, cosméticos y fragancias. Especialmente los derivados de las plantas / History and present of skin care products, cosmetics and fragrances. Especially those derived from plants

Objetivo: aportar notas históricas sobre el empleo de los recursos vegetales en la elaboración de productos para el cuidado de la piel y recoger hechos científicos que nos definen la actualidad del tema. Método: búsqueda bibliográfica a través de las bases de datos: Scopus, WOS, Google Scholar y The Plant List y otras web botánicas. Resultados y discusión: el cuidado de la piel y la cosmética forman parte de nuestra vida diaria, de ahí que el uso de preparados para este fin haya aumentado significativamente en los últimos años. A partir de una bibliografía reciente, citamos 78 taxa botánicos (algas, helechos y plantas con semilla, hongos incluidos) relacionados con hechos históricos y conocimientos científicos actuales. Conclusión: Los derivados de los vegetales se consideran seguros para la salud, suponen una gran fuente de metabolitos secundarios y han sido y son materia prima para la elaboración de productos que cuidan la piel

Objective: To provide historical information about the use of vegetal resources in the elaboration of skin care products and to show some scientific facts that define topicality of this subject. Method: bibliographic search through the databases: Scopus, WOS, Google Scholar, The Plant List and other botanicals webs. Results and discussion: skin care and cosmetics are part of our daily life; hence the use of products for this purpose has significantly increased in recent years. From a recent bibliography, we referred 78 botanical taxa (algae, ferns and seed plants, fungi including). The aforementioned we related to historical facts and current scientific knowledge. Conclusion: Derived from plants are considered safe for health; they are a great source of secondary metabolites and have been and are raw material for skin care manufactured products

Cuidados com a pele do recém-nascido internado em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: revisão integrativa / Skin care to newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit:integrative review / Cuidados con la piel del recién nacido internado en una unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal: revisión integradora

Objective: To describe the nature and development in nursing scientific production on the theme “skin care tothe newborns” (NB). Method: a literature search with descriptive, exploratory and qualitative approach was carried out in the LILACS, PUBMED and BDENF databases. Eleven articles were selected. Results: after reading the studies, the analysis was performed with six national publications and five international publications. Seven studies had qualitative approach and four studies, quantitative approach. This study allowed to know the care provided and ways of monitoring the evaluation of the skin of newborns. Conclusion: few studies on care of newborn skin were found. The development of studies aiming to contribute to the preparation and review of protocols to provide care to prevent diseases in newborns is recommended.

Objetivo: Descrever a natureza e a tendência na produção científica de enfermagem sobre a temática “cuidados com a pele do recém nascido (RN)”. Método: realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo exploratório e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF e PUBMED, com seleção de 11 artigos. Resultados: após a leitura dos estudos, foram analisadas seis publicações nacionais e cinco publicações internacionais. Sendo sete estudos de abordagem qualitativa e quatro estudos de abordagem quantitativa. Este estudo possibilitou conhecer cuidados e formas de acompanhamento na avaliação da pele do neonato. Conclusão: evidenciaram-se poucos estudos sobre a temática de cuidados com a pele do recém-nascido. Sugere-se o desenvolvimento de estudos que colaborem para a elaboração e revisão de protocolos de assistência direcionados à prevenção de agravos ao recém-nascido.

Objetivo: Describir la naturaleza y la tendencia en producción científica de enfermería en el tema del cuidado de la piel del recién nacido (RN). Método: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de enfoque cualitativo exploratorio descriptivo en las bases de datos LILACS, BDENF y PUBMED, con una selección de 11 artículos. Resultados: Después de leer los estudios, se analizaron seis publicaciones nacionales y cinco publicaciones internacionales. Siete estudios con enfoque cualitativo y cuatro estudios de un enfoque cuantitativo. Este estudio permitió el conocimiento de los cuidados y formas en el seguimiento de la evaluaciónde la piel del recién nacido. Conclusión: fueron encontrados unos pocos estudios sobre el tema del cuidado de la piel del recién nacido. Se sugiere el desarrollo de estudios que contribuyan a la preparación y revisión de los protocolos de atención dirigidos a la prevención de lesiones en el recién nacido.

An Approach to Cosmeceuticals.

The cosmeceutical industry is a multi-billion dollar, consumer-driven market. Products promise highly desirable anti-aging benefits, but are not subject to regulation. We present an introduction to cosmeceuticals for the general and cosmetic dermatologist, including definitions and explanations of key terms, an approach to the evidence base, a dissection of chamomile and green tea, two paradigmatic cosmeceutical products, and a window into the underlying psychology of this vast marketplace.

Los fitoingredientes en el cuidado de la piel / The phytoingredients in skincare

Movidos por el nuevo paradigma "eres lo que consumes", los consumidores responsables encuentran en la fitocosmética productos con beneficios diferenciales para su salud y el medio ambiente. Los grupos fitoquímicos de interés presentes en los fitoingredientes permiten predecir el tipo de extracto a utilizar, los métodos de extracción y control de calidad apropiados, ya que son los responsables de su actividad cosmética. Clasificados en forma general como polifenoles, sponinas, hidratos de carbono, lípidos, aceites esenciales, resias, vitaminas, péptidos, entre otros grupos, pueden aportar actividades cosméticas específicas como antioxidantes, antiinflamatorios, reguladores de la síntesis y degradación de proteínas dérmicas, inhibidores de la tirosinasa, tensioacticos, por interaccionar en los procesos de comunicación celular, o por sus propiedades emolientes, oclusivas e hidratantes, entre otras. La fitocosmética sustentada en evidencias científicas desarrolla productos eficaces (AU)

Diven by the new paradigm of "you are what you consume", responsible customers finds in phytocosmetics products differential health and environmental benefits. The phytochemical groups of interest in the composition of phytoingredients allow to predict the type of extract, the extraction methods and the appropriate quality control, since they are responsible their cosmetic activity. Generally classified as polyphenols, sponins, carbohydrates, lipids, essential oils, resins, vitamins, peptides, among other groups, they may provide specific cosmetic activities as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, regulators of synthesis and degradation os skin proteins, tyrosinase inhibitors, tensioactive, through the interaction with the cellular communication processes, or by its emollient, moisturizing and occlusiveness properties, among many other. The phytocosmetics supported by scientific evidence help in the development of effective products (AU)

[Methods of non-surgical debridement of wounds in 2011]. / Les moyens non chirurgicaux de détersion des plaies en 2011.

There are several ways of carrying out non surgical debridement. Dressings which ensure an autolytic debridement are the most commonly used method. Hydrogels and alginates are the main tools which are indicated in "medical" debridement. Finally, the use of larvae is spreading in Europe and the protocol for their use is taking shape. Other methods of non surgical debridement remain anecdotal or are still in the process of being assessed (e.g., hydrojets, ultrasound).

Cosmeceuticals versus pharmaceuticals.

Four major categories of interest in the cosmeceutical market are nonbleaching agents, antioxidants, peptides, and growth factors. The trend toward introducing natural products considered to be safe is influenced by media hype and consumer interest. This is driving the cosmeceutical market to develop safer products that are naturally derived. Some of these naturally derived products have proven to be helpful, whereas more evidence is needed for other products before physicians can consider recommending their use.

Cosmeceuticals and polyphenols.

Phenolic compounds found in plants are believed to be effective in prevention of oxidative stress related diseases. An interest in antioxidants and natural foods continues to grow along with a commercial interest in plant-derived phenolic products. Flavonoids represent a family of plant compounds high in phenolic related antioxidant activity. They are poorly absorbed in the body. Many published studies show the antioxidant activity of the flavonoid, but fail to consider the activity of the metabolite which is actually bioavailable to the body. The paper concludes that there remains a need to develop adequate physiological models supporting antioxidant activity of polyphenols.

Cosmeceuticals and silibinin.

Cosmeceuticals are used for nourishing and improving the appearance of the skin and are also documented as effective agents for treating various dermatologic conditions. Cosmeceutical preparations from herbal origin are most popular among consumers because these agents are mostly nontoxic and possess strong antioxidant activity. Because oxidative stress is one of the major mechanisms for skin aging and dermatologic conditions, phytochemicals with proven antioxidant activity, such as silibinin, could be useful for treating many dermatologic conditions as well as skin aging. Silibinin is a flavonolignan compound from Silybum marianum (milk thistle plant) that possesses strong antioxidant activity and also modulates many molecular changes caused by xenobiotics and ultraviolet radiation to protect the skin. This contribution reviews the evidence generated from laboratory studies to support the scientific rationale for the effective use of silibinin in cosmeceutical preparations.