RESUMO
In the unfortunate event of massive envenomation and precipitation of multiorgan failure, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) can be considered as a modality for therapy. We present a patient case where TPE potentially allowed for removal of toxin with subsequent clinical improvement.
Assuntos
Venenos de Abelha/intoxicação , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/terapia , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos/prevenção & controle , Troca Plasmática/métodos , Plasmaferese/métodos , Idoso , Animais , Abelhas , Tratamento de Emergência/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos/terapiaRESUMO
Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) is the commonest immuno-mediated photodermatosis. It occurs after solar or artificial UV-light exposure and affects only the sun-exposed areas with preference of the V-area of the chest, of arms and forearms, legs, upper part of the back, and rarely the face. The lesions are itching or burning, and vary morphologically from erythema to papules, vesico-papules and occasionally blisters, plaques, sometimes erythema multiforme-like, insect bite-like wheals and purpura. The clinical manifestations befall within a few hours to days from light exposure, last a few days, and subside in about a week without sequelae. Its diagnosis is based on history, morphology and phototests. PLE is considered as a delayed hypersensitivity response to newly UV induced, but still unidentified, antigen(s). Usually, MED is normal, but the provocative phototests with UVA or UVB reproduce the spontaneous lesions in about 50% of the patients. Broad spectrum sunscreens and antioxidants, photohardening with PUVA or narrow band UVB may be beneficial to prevent the disease. Therapy is based mainly on topical or systemic corticosteroids.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade/etiologia , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Luz Solar/efeitos adversos , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/prevenção & controle , Terapia PUVA , Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade/imunologia , Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Pele/imunologia , Pele/patologia , Protetores Solares/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Many thousands of plants are disseminated worldwide in traditional and folk medicines based on the belief that their leaves, roots, seeds, bark or secretions, when adequately handled, can treat, alleviate or ameliorate numerous disease symptoms. Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae) is a popular medicinal plant and the claims of this shrub's phytomedicinal properties have been scientifically validated. In this study, further prospects towards the in vivo toxicity and oral immunological tolerance of phytomodulatory proteins isolated from the latex of C. procera are reported. Acute toxicity was determined in mice by oral and intraperitoneal administration of latex proteins (LP) and was followed behavioral, hematological and histological analyses. Oral immunological tolerance to LP was assessed by intraperitoneal immunization in mice that had received LP orally before. Animals given 5000 mg/kg orally exhibited only discrete behavioral alterations and augmentation of monocytes. Death was not notified 14 days after exposure. However, all animals receiving LP 150 mg/kg by i.p. died in 1 h. Death (20%) was documented when LP (75 mg/kg) was given in the peritoneum and signs of harmful effects were observed in the survivors (80%). Oral immunological tolerance was observed in animals previously given LP orally, when they were further immunized/challenged with peritoneal exposure to different doses of LP. This was confirmed by the lowering of IgE and IgG in the serum, IL-4 and IFN-γ in spleen homogenates and the absence of anaphylaxis signs. It is therefore concluded that LP exhibited quite discrete adverse effects when orally administrated at higher concentrations and this route of administration did not stimulate adverse immunological reactions. Instead it was observed immunological tolerance. The present study contributes very important information concerning the safe use of C. procera as a phytotherapeutic agent.
Assuntos
Calotropis/metabolismo , Tolerância Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Látex/toxicidade , Proteínas de Plantas/toxicidade , Administração Oral , Anafilaxia/etiologia , Animais , Feminino , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Infusões Parenterais , Interferon gama , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Látex/imunologia , Látex/metabolismo , Camundongos , Proteínas de Plantas/imunologia , Plantas Medicinais/metabolismo , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/metabolismo , Baço/patologiaRESUMO
Activation of IκB kinase ß (IKK-ß) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling contributes to cancer pathogenesis and inflammatory disease; therefore, the IKK-ß-NF-κB signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target. Current drug design strategies focus on blocking NF-κB signaling by binding to specific cysteine residues on IKK-ß. However, mutations in IKK-ß have been found in patients who may eventually develop drug resistance. For these patients, a new generation of IKK-ß inhibitors are required to provide novel treatment options. We demonstrate in vitro that cysteine-46 (Cys-46) is an essential residue for IKK-ß kinase activity. We then validate the role of Cys-46 in the pathogenesis of inflammation using delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and an IKK-ß C46A transgenic mouse model. We show that a novel IKK-ß inhibitor, dihydromyricetin (DMY), has anti-inflammatory effects on WT DTH mice but not IKK-ß C46A transgenic mice. These findings reveal the role of Cys-46 in the promotion of inflammatory responses, and suggest that Cys-46 is a novel drug-binding site for the inhibition of IKK-ß.
Assuntos
Artrite Experimental/imunologia , Cisteína/genética , Quinase I-kappa B/fisiologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Mutação/genética , Animais , Artrite Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Artrite Experimental/genética , Artrite Experimental/patologia , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno Tipo II/toxicidade , Feminino , Flavonóis/farmacologia , Citometria de Fluxo , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/patologia , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Inflamação/etiologia , Inflamação/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , NF-kappa B , Fosforilação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Transdução de Sinais , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
The present study was designed to assess the potential of supplementation of diet with Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum, L.) oil (FXO), on obesity-related inflammation and reversal of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Swiss Albino mice, C57bl/6 mice and co-culture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes - RAW 264.7 macrophages to mimick obese adipose tissue environment were used for the study. Oral gavage of FXO at concentrations of 4, 8 or 16 mg/kg body weight (bwt) for 4 weeks or high-fat diet (HFD, 60% energy as fat) supplemented with dietary FXO (4, 8 or 16 mg/kg bwt) was given to the mice. FXO was characterised using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. FXO supplemented HFD-fed mice (4 mg/kg bwt exhibited reduced adiposity index, serum glucose levels and triglycerides (8 and 16 mg/kg bwt) and improvement in insulin sensitisation (4, 8 and 16 mg/kg bwt) when compared with HFD mice. The co-culture showed a dose-dependent shift in cytokines towards anti-inflammatory (IL-4) state, with a decrease in pro-inflammatory TNF-α (p < 0.05). For immunomodulatory studies a dose-dependent increase (p < 0.05) was observed in antigen-specific levels of Th2 (IL-4) cytokine, serum anti-ova IgG1 and IgE levels. Suppression in anti-ova IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 and antigen-specific Th1 cytokines like TNF-α and IFN-γ significantly (p < 0.05) was observed at 16 mg/kg bwt dosage. The results indicate that FXO exhibits an anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory potential and may partially relieve symptoms of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Resistência à Insulina , Óleo de Semente do Linho/uso terapêutico , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Células 3T3-L1 , Adiposidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Técnicas de Cocultura , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Relação Dose-Resposta Imunológica , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/prevenção & controle , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Óleo de Semente do Linho/administração & dosagem , Óleo de Semente do Linho/farmacologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Linfoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Linfoide/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Fitoterapia , Células RAW 264.7 , Células Th1/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Th1/metabolismo , Células Th2/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Th2/metabolismoRESUMO
Based on ecological analyses we proposed in 2003 the relation of Kawasaki Disease (KD) onset causing acute febrile systemic vasculitis, and pollen exposure. This study was aimed at investigating the correlation between pollen release and the change in the numbers of KD patients from 1991 to 2002 in Kanagawa, Japan. Short-term changes in the number of KD patients and medium- to long-term trends were analyzed separately. Short-term changes in the number of KD patients showed a significant positive cross correlation (CC) with 9- to 10-month delay following pollen releases, and a smaller but significant CC with 3- to 4-month delay. Further, a temporal relationship revealed by positive CC distribution showed that pollen release preceded KD development, suggesting that pollen release leads to KD development. A trend in patient numbers was fitted by an exponential curve with the time constant of 0.005494. We hypothesized that the trend was caused by the cumulative effects of pollen exposure for elapsed months on patients who may develop KD. By comparing the time constants of fitted exponential curve for each pollen accumulation period with 0.005494, the exposure period was estimated to be 21.4 months, which explains why approximately 50% of patients developed KD within 24 months from birth.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/imunologia , Pólen/imunologia , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/epidemiologia , Japão/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/epidemiologia , Estatística como AssuntoRESUMO
Prospective studies have indicated an age-related impairment of the immune response. Carotenoids have been hypothesised to enhance immune cell function. The aim of the present study was to describe the age-related effects and the impact of in vivo dietary carotenoid depletion and repletion on specific and non-specific immunity. A total of ninety-eight healthy male subjects (aged 20-75 years) received a carotenoid-depleted diet for 3 weeks and were then supplemented daily for 5 weeks with 30 mg ß-carotene, 15 mg lycopene and 9 mg lutein. Blood samples were collected at study entry, after depletion and supplementation, and biomarkers of immune status were determined. We found that serum IgA levels were positively correlated with ageing. Lymphocyte phenotyping indicated an increase with age in the memory T-helper cell subpopulation (CD4âºCD45ROâº) concomitantly with a decrease in naive T-helper cells (CD4âºCD45RAâº). A significant increase in the natural killer cells subpopulation and a small decrease in B lymphocytes were also observed, especially for the oldest volunteers. From ex vivo cell function exploration, a positive correlation was observed between age and IL-2 production of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. Neutrophils' bactericidal activity was significantly impaired with age (from 50 years) and was modulated by carotenoid status. An age effect was found on neutrophils' spontaneous migration but not on directed migration. Immune response in healthy human subjects is mostly affected by age rather than by dietary carotenoid depletion and repletion. Even in carefully selected healthy volunteers, some age-related immune changes occur predominantly from 50 years onwards. This immunosenescence could generate a loss in the immune system adjustment capacity.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/imunologia , Carotenoides/uso terapêutico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Deficiência de IgA/prevenção & controle , Leucopenia/prevenção & controle , Disfunção de Fagócito Bactericida/prevenção & controle , Deficiência de Vitamina A/dietoterapia , Adulto , Idoso , Envelhecimento/sangue , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Carotenoides/deficiência , França , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/prevenção & controle , Deficiência de IgA/etiologia , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Leucopenia/etiologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Disfunção de Fagócito Bactericida/etiologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Deficiência de Vitamina A/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina A/imunologia , Deficiência de Vitamina A/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PUFA are precursor molecules for eicosanoids such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins and may influence immune function through other mechanisms involving membranes, cell signaling, and gene expression. Immune-modulating properties of diets containing different oils [sunflower oil, rich in linoleic acid; linseed oil, rich in α-linolenic acid; salmon oil, rich in marine (n-3) PUFA; and beef tallow, rich in SFA] were investigated in an influenza-vaccination model, in which the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was studied in C57BL/6 mice, and an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitization model for experimental allergy in BALB/c mice. Six-week-old mice were fed the different diets for 7 wk. The first vaccination or OVA sensitization was given 2 wk after the start of the dietary intervention. In the mice vaccinated with influenza, the DTH response to the vaccine was significantly higher in mice fed the marine (n-3) PUFA diet compared to all other groups, indicating that these PUFA promote a T helper-1 response. In the OVA-sensitized mice, those fed the marine (n-3) PUFA diet had a less severe acute allergic skin response (ASR), suggesting that (n-3) PUFA lessen the T helper-2 response. Mice fed the SFA-rich diet had the most severe ASR, indicating that a diet with high levels of SFA may contribute to increased severity of allergic symptoms. Whereas significant differences in in vivo immune responses were measured, in vitro responses did not differ among the dietary groups. In conclusion, using 2 different models of immune responses demonstrates potential benefits from marine (n-3) PUFA.
Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Sistema Imunitário/fisiologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Vacinação , Animais , Anticorpos/sangue , Citocinas/biossíntese , Eritrócitos/química , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Tecido Linfoide/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pele/imunologiaRESUMO
No information is available on the possible role of astaxanthin on immune response in domestic canine. Female Beagle dogs (9-10 mo old; 8.2 ± 0.2 kg body weight) were fed 0, 10, 20 or 40 mg astaxanthin daily and blood sampled on wk 0, 6, 12, and 16 for assessing the following: lymphoproliferation, leukocyte subpopulations, natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, and concentrations of blood astaxanthin, IgG, IgM and acute phase proteins. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was assessed on wk 0, 12 and 16. Plasma astaxanthin increased dose-dependently and reached maximum concentrations on wk 6. Dietary astaxanthin enhanced DTH response to vaccine, concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte proliferation (with the 20mg dose at wk 12) and NK cell cytotoxic activity. In addition, dietary astaxanthin increased concentrations of IgG and IgM, and B cell population. Plasma concentrations of C reactive protein were lower in astaxanthin-fed dogs. Therefore, dietary astaxanthin heightened cell-mediated and humoral immune response and reduced DNA damage and inflammation in dogs.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Cães/imunologia , Proteínas de Fase Aguda/metabolismo , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/sangue , Animais , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Citotoxicidade Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta , Cães/sangue , Feminino , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Xantofilas/administração & dosagem , Xantofilas/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination has been shown to induce anti-tumour immune responses in cancer patients, but so far its clinical efficacy is limited. Recent evidence supports an immunogenic effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pre-clinical data indicate that the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy may result in an enhanced anti-cancer activity. Most studies have focused on the immunogenic aspect of chemotherapy-induced cell death, but only few studies have investigated the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on the effector lymphocytes of the immune system. METHODS: Here we investigated the effect of treatment with oxaliplatin and capecitabine on non-specific and specific DC vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses. Stage III colon cancer patients receiving standard adjuvant oxaliplatin/capecitabine chemotherapy were vaccinated at the same time with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-peptide pulsed DCs. RESULTS: In 4 out of 7 patients, functional CEA-specific T-cell responses were found at delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testing. In addition, we observed an enhanced non-specific T-cell reactivity upon oxaliplatin administration. KLH-specific T-cell responses remained unaffected by the chemotherapy, whereas B-cell responses were diminished. CONCLUSION: The results strongly support further testing of the combined use of specific anti-tumour vaccination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Vacinas Anticâncer/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Fluoruracila/análogos & derivados , Compostos Organoplatínicos/administração & dosagem , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Idoso , Formação de Anticorpos , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Capecitabina , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxaliplatina , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
We reviewed the clinical results of a dendritic cell-based phase II clinical vaccine trial in stage IV melanoma and analyzed a patient subgroup treated with standard therapies after stopping vaccination. From 2003 to 2009, 24 metastatic melanoma patients were treated with mature dendritic cells pulsed with autologous tumor lysate and keyhole limpet hemocyanin and low-dose interleukin-2. Overall response (OR) to vaccination was 37.5% with a clinical benefit of 54.1%. All 14 responders showed delayed type hypersensitivity positivity. Median overall survival (OS) was 15 months (95% CI, 8-33). Eleven patients underwent other treatments (3 surgery, 2 biotherapy, 2 radiotherapy, 2 chemotherapy, and 4 biochemotherapy) after stopping vaccination. Of these, 2 patients had a complete response and 5 a partial response, with an OR of 63.6%. Median OS was 34 months (range 16-61). Our results suggest that therapeutic DC vaccination could favor clinical response in patients after more than one line of therapy.
Assuntos
Vacinas Anticâncer/uso terapêutico , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Tratamento Farmacológico/estatística & dados numéricos , Melanoma/terapia , Radioterapia/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Vacinas Anticâncer/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Anticâncer/efeitos adversos , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Hemocianinas/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/imunologia , Interleucina-2/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Melanoma/imunologia , Melanoma/mortalidade , Melanoma/secundário , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , VacinaçãoAssuntos
Anacardiaceae/química , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Anacardiaceae/efeitos adversos , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Tóxicas/química , Plantas Tóxicas/toxicidadeAssuntos
Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Aplicação de Sanguessugas/efeitos adversos , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Animais , Feminino , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/tratamento farmacológico , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Sanguessugas/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The results of sanatorium treatment were analyzed in 156 children and adolescents aged 11-17 years at high risk for tuberculosis. All the patients had been long infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis with hyperergic tuberculin sensitivity; they had comorbidity and were susceptible to frequent respiratory diseases. A course of percutaneous low-intensity laser irradiation was incorporated as a new method into a complex of prophylactic treatment. The time course of changes in tuberculin sensitivity, serological values, and clinical data were estimated. The proposed treatment regimen was shown to have some advantage over the conventional treatment one.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Balneologia/métodos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Tuberculose , Adolescente , Quimioprevenção/métodos , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/imunologia , Masculino , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Tuberculina/imunologia , Teste Tuberculínico/métodos , Tuberculose/imunologia , Tuberculose/prevenção & controleRESUMO
In the present study we have evaluated the immunopotentiating activity of Rhodiola aqueous extract (RAE) in rats. The efficacy of RAE was determined by using strong antigen tetanus toxoid (TT) and weak antigen Ovalbumin (OVA). The dynamic changes in humoral and cell-mediated immune response were measured. The results indicated that the TT specific immunoglobulin levels were significantly enhanced by RAE and were at par with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The level of OVA induced antibody response was also enhanced by RAE. It was observed that TT and OVA in combination with CFA or RAE could evoke a significant delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, confirming its potential to generate strong cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effect of RAE was evaluated in adjuvant-induced arthritis model (AIA). RAE could not suppress the swelling response. Therefore, this study suggests that RAE has adjuvant/immunopotentiating activity in terms of humoral as well as cell-mediated immune response against strong antigen like TT and weak antigen like OVA.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Rhodiola , Toxoide Tetânico/imunologia , Animais , Artrite Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
The contact with a jellyfish is usually followed by acute inflammatory lesions, characterized by erythema, swelling, vesicles, and bullae, accompanied by burning and pain sensation. The pathogenesis is due to the direct toxic effect of the fluid contained in jellyfish tentacles. Sometimes, jellyfish may induce delayed cutaneous lesions. Delayed cutaneous reaction to jellyfish represents a clinical entity where eczematous lesions develop after days or months after contact with the invertebrate. We report the case of a patient with a delayed and persistent skin reaction due to jellyfish envenomation successfully treated with pimecrolimus.
Assuntos
Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Cifozoários , Tacrolimo/análogos & derivados , Administração Tópica , Adolescente , Animais , Mordeduras e Picadas , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/diagnóstico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/diagnóstico , Dermatoses da Perna/diagnóstico , Dermatoses da Perna/etiologia , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Testes Cutâneos , Tacrolimo/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Biological characteristics of C. trachomatis author's strain MT-2A (serovar D) is presented. Stages of development on its basis the experimental formalin-inactivated vaccine against Chlamydia were described. Humoral and cellular immune response to the vaccine administered on 3-dose immunization schedule in conjunction with polyoxidonium as adjuvant was studied. Significant immunological efficacy of the vaccine was shown. T- and B-cell immune responses were characterized. Titer of IgG antibodies against Chlamydia in blood serum after 3rd dose of the vaccine was 10,880+/-1,817.76. Assessment of T-cell response showed that reaction of delayed hypersensitivity with formation of granuloma presented in 60% of animals. Proportion of immunoblasts in reaction of blast-transformation was 29.3+/-2.8%. Perspectives of further studies of the developed corpuscular vaccine against Chlamydia are discussed.
Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/imunologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Antígenos de Bactérias , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/imunologia , Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Bacterianas/efeitos adversos , Células Cultivadas , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Granuloma/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Esquemas de Imunização , Injeções Subcutâneas , Ativação Linfocitária , Camundongos , Coelhos , Baço/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/efeitos adversos , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sensitization to atopens is an early phenomenon that overlaps with the onset of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy. Early epidermal barrier impairment may facilitate the epicutaneous penetration of atopens. OBJECTIVE: To correlate transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and aeroallergen sensitization in infants with AD. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study we enrolled 59 AD children and 30 controls aged 3-12 months. Transepidermal water loss in uninvolved skin, specific immunoglobulin E, atopy patch test (APT) and skin prick tests were performed with respect to seven aeroallergens, i.e., Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae, cat, dog, birch pollen, ambrosia, and cockroach. Environmental conditions were assessed by a questionnaire, and the house dust mite (HDM) concentration was determined in dust samples. RESULTS: Eighty-nine percent of AD infants had a positive APT vs one out of eleven controls. AD infants had a significantly higher mean TEWL than controls (27.4 vs 11.1 g/m(2)/h, P < 0001). Children with two or more positive APT had higher TEWL than the others (31.1 vs 19.0 g/m(2)/h, P < 0.025). No correlation was found between indoor APT results and exposure to HDM, cats, and dogs at home. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the high prevalence of delayed sensitization to indoor and outdoor aeroallergens in AD infants, and shows that the higher the TEWL, the higher the prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens. These data are in favor of a major role of a constitutive epidermal barrier impairment in determining early atopen sensitization in infants with AD.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/imunologia , Alérgenos/imunologia , Dermatite Atópica/diagnóstico , Epiderme/fisiopatologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/diagnóstico , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Alérgenos/efeitos adversos , Alérgenos/análise , Animais , Antígenos de Dermatophagoides/análise , Antígenos de Dermatophagoides/imunologia , Gatos , Baratas/imunologia , Dermatite Atópica/epidemiologia , Dermatite Atópica/etiologia , Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Cães , Poeira/análise , Poeira/imunologia , Epiderme/imunologia , Feminino , Habitação , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/imunologia , Lactente , Masculino , Testes do Emplastro , Pólen/imunologia , Testes Cutâneos , Perda Insensível de ÁguaRESUMO
Different stressors likely elicit different physiological and behavioral responses. Previously reported differences in the effects of stressors on immune function may reflect qualitatively different physiological responses to stressors; alternatively, both large and subtle differences in testing protocols and methods among laboratories may make direct comparisons among studies difficult. Here we examine the effects of chronic stressors on plasma corticosterone concentrations, leukocyte redistribution, and skin delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and the effects of acute stressors on plasma corticosterone and leukocyte redistribution. The effects of several commonly used laboratory stressors including restraint, forced swim, isolation, and low ambient temperatures (4 degrees C) were examined. Exposure to each stressor elevated corticosterone concentrations, with restraint (a putative psychological stressor) evoking a significantly higher glucocorticoid response than other stressors. Chronic restraint and forced swim enhanced the DTH response compared to the handled, low temperature, or isolation conditions. Restraint, low temperature, and isolation significantly increased trafficking of lymphocytes and monocytes compared to forced swim or handling. Generally, acute restraint, low temperature, isolation, and handling increased trafficking of lymphocytes and monocytes. Considered together, our results suggest that the different stressors commonly used in psychoneuroimmunology research may not activate the physiological stress response to the same extent. The variation observed in the measured immune responses may reflect differential glucocorticoid activation, differential metabolic adjustments, or both processes in response to specific stressors.