RESUMO
The width of the third ventricle, the length of the anterior commissure-posterior commissure line (AC-PC line), the spatial position of the midplane of the third ventricle, and the co-ordinates of the AC, the PC, and of 17 brain targets in the thalamus, hypothalamus and pallidum, were assessed on a pre-operative stereotactic computed-tomography (CT) study and compared to measurements on intra-operative air-ventriculography, using a non-invasive relocatable stereotactic frame. There were no significant differences in the length of the AC-PC line, in the position of the midsagittal plane of the third ventricle, or in the vertical or lateral co-ordinates of the AC, the PC and the cerebral targets, between measurements on CT and on air-ventriculography. However, the width of the third ventricle was significantly larger, and the spatial positions of both AC and PC were significantly more anterior on air-ventriculography than on the CT study. This anterior dislocation of the commissures was presumably due to the insufflation of air into the ventricles of patients being in the supine position during surgery.
Assuntos
Ventriculografia Cerebral/instrumentação , Dor Intratável/cirurgia , Doença de Parkinson/cirurgia , Pneumoencefalografia/instrumentação , Esquizofrenia/cirurgia , Técnicas Estereotáxicas/instrumentação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/instrumentação , Tremor/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Mapeamento Encefálico , Feminino , Globo Pálido/diagnóstico por imagem , Globo Pálido/cirurgia , Humanos , Hipotálamo Posterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipotálamo Posterior/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor Intratável/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagem , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tálamo/cirurgia , Tremor/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Stereotactic intervention into the posterior hypothalamus gives satisfactory results for controlling both aggressive, violent behavioral disorders and intractable pain. From the endocrinological point of view, this procedure activates the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis only temporarily, without causing any serious dysfunctions.
Assuntos
Hormônios/metabolismo , Hipotálamo Posterior/cirurgia , Hipotálamo/cirurgia , Dor Intratável/terapia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Agressão/fisiologia , Comportamento/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipotálamo Posterior/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hormônios Hipofisários/metabolismo , Técnicas EstereotáxicasRESUMO
In intact urethane-anesthetized rats, plasma growth hormone (GH) levels were low but increased significantly following intravenous injection of chlorpromazine. Plasma GH levels were significantly elevated in rats with hypothalamic cuts such as complete deafferentiation, anterior cut and antero-lateral cut, whereas plasma GH levels in rats with posterior cut or postero-lateral cut were not significantly different from those in rats with sham-operation. Intravenous injection of chlorpromazine caused an increase of plasma GH in rats with any type of hypothalamic cut. However, the maximum increments of plasma GH following chlorpromazine were larger in rats with antero-lateral cut and smaller in rats with posterior cut than in rats with sham-operation. These results suggest that extrahypothalamic inhibiting and stimulating neurons influence the regulatory mechanism of rat GH secretion through anterior and posterior routes to the hypothalamus respectively.