RESUMO
Psidium brownianum Mart is reported in the literature by antinociceptive and antioxidant activities, indicating that this species' secondary metabolites might be used to control inflammatory processes. The present study aimed to characterize the topical antiedematogenic activity of the essential oil of Psidium brownianum Mart. (OEPB) in ear edema models by different inflammatory agents. Female Swiss mice (25-35â g) and Wistar albino rats (200-300â g) were used throughout tests (n=6/group) on acute or chronic edema models induced by single and multiple topical applications. The OEPB is administered topically pure or at a concentration of 100 or 200â mg/mL. The antiedematogenic mechanism of OEPB was analyzed by administering capsaicin, arachidonic acid, histamine, and phenol at the best effective dose (200â mg/mL). The results showed a significant reduction of edema-induced single (28.87 %) and multiple (50.13 %) applications of croton oil compared to the negative control group. Regarding potential mechanisms of action, OEPB (200â mg/mL) inhibited the development of edema triggered by capsaicin (29.95 %), arachidonic acid (22.66 %), phenol (23.35 %), and histamine (75.46 %), suggesting an interference with the histaminergic pathway. These results indicate that OEPB presents a topical antiedematogenic effect in acute and chronic murine models, possibly interfering with inflammatory pathways triggered by mediators such as histamine.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis , Psidium , Camundongos , Feminino , Animais , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Capsaicina , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Ácido Araquidônico/efeitos adversos , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Exacerbated inflammatory responses to harmful stimuli can lead to significant pain, edema, and other complications that require pharmacological intervention. Abietic acid (AA) is a diterpene found as a significant constituent in pine species, and evidence has identified its biological potential. The present study aimed to evaluate abietic acid's antiedematogenic and anti-inflammatory activity in mice. Swiss mice (Mus musculus) weighing 20-30â g were treated with AA at 50, 100, and 200â mg/kg. The central nervous system (CNS) effects were evaluated using open-field and rotarod assays. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory screening was assessed by the acetic acid and formalin tests. The antiedematogenic activity was investigated by measuring paw edema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine, arachidonic acid, and prostaglandin, in addition to using a granuloma model. The oral administration of abietic acid (200â mg/Kg) showed no evidence of CNS effects. The compound also exhibited significant antiedematogenic and anti-inflammatory activities in the carrageenan and dextran models, mostly related to the inhibition of myeloperoxidase (MOP) activity and histamine action and, to a lesser extent, the inhibition of eicosanoid-dependent pathways. In the granuloma model, abietic acid's effect was less expressive than in the acute models investigated in this study. In conclusion, abietic acid has analgesic and antiedematogenic activities related to anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Assuntos
Dextranos , Histamina , Camundongos , Animais , Carragenina/efeitos adversos , Dextranos/efeitos adversos , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Granuloma/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Plant species have been used traditionally to treat numerous inflammatory disorders because of their known medicinal properties. This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous ethanolic leaf extract of Persicaria lanigera using acute inflammatory models. The safety profile of the Persicaria lanigera extract was assessed using an acute toxicity model. The anti-inflammatory effect of the Persicaria lanigera leaf extract (100-600 mg·kg-1, p.o.) was studied in carrageenan-induced paw oedema, zymosan-induced knee joint arthritis, and histamine-induced paw oedema in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5). It was observed that the Persicaria lanigera leaf extract administered prophylactically significantly inhibited paw oedema from 99.01 ± 12.59 to 59.10 ± 4.94%, 56.08 ± 3.65%, and 48.62 ± 3.27% at 100 mg·kg-1, 300 mg·kg-1, and 600 mg·kg-1, while the standard drug, aspirin, showed 41.84 ± 9.25% in carrageenan-induced paw oedema, respectively. Furthermore, the extract decreased knee joint inflammation significantly from 62.43 ± 5.73% to 32.07 ± 2.98% and 24.33 ± 8.58% at 300 mg·kg-1 and 600 mg·kg-1 in zymosan-induced knee joint inflammation, respectively. In the histamine-induced paw oedema model, the extract significantly inhibited oedema to 61.53 ± 9.17%, 54.21 ± 9.38%, and 54.22 ± 9.37% at the same doses. Aqueous ethanolic leaf extract of Persicaria lanigera is safe and attenuates inflammation in acute inflammation models.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais , Polygonaceae , Ratos , Animais , Carragenina/toxicidade , Carragenina/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Zimosan/efeitos adversos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: In this study, we determined the gastroprotective and ulcer-healing effects of extracts (aqueous and methanolic) of Nauclea pobeguinii stem-back. METHODS: Gastroprotective and healing activity were evaluated following a HCl/ethanol and an indomethacin-induced acute ulcers models; acetic acid, pylorus-ligature, pylorus ligature/histamine and pylorus ligature/acetylcholine-induced chronic ulcers models. RESULTS: It emerges from this study that, at 100, 200 and 400â¯mg/kg, the extracts significantly reduced the various ulceration parameters. Compared to negative control male rats, the aqueous (100â¯mg/kg) and methanolic (400â¯mg/kg) extracts of Nauclea pobeguinii inhibited the ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol by 80.76â¯% and 100â¯% respectively, as well as ulcers induced by indomethacin by 88.28â¯% and 93.47â¯% respectively. Animals that received 200â¯mg/kg of both extracts showed a significant reduction in the levels of monocytes, lymphocytes, nitric oxide, MDA and a significant increase in the activities of SOD and catalase. Histological analysis showed repaired mucous epithelium at all doses of both extracts. Aqueous and methanol extracts inhibited ulceration indices by 89.33â¯% and 88.53â¯% for pylorus ligature, 83.81â¯% and 61.07â¯% for pylorus ligature/acetylcholine and 87.29â¯% and 99.63â¯% for pylorus ligature/histamine respectively. Both extracts protected the stomach lining with percentages inhibition of 79.49â¯% and 81.73â¯%, respectively in the ethanol test. The extracts induced a significant increase in mucus mass (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The aqueous and methanol extracts of Nauclea pobeguinii healed ulcers thanks to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-secretory and cytoprotective properties.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos , Rubiaceae , Úlcera Gástrica , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Ratos Wistar , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/patologia , Úlcera/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Fitoterapia , Metanol/farmacologia , Acetilcolina/efeitos adversos , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Indometacina/uso terapêutico , Piloro , Etanol/farmacologia , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Mucosa GástricaRESUMO
Hertia intermedia is a traditional medicinal plant of Balochistan, used for pain management and stomach problems. Current research work was intended to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of crude ethanolic extract of H. intermedia. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by the carrageenan-induced and histamine-induce Rat paw edema in rats, analgesic activity was determined by acetic acid-Induced writhing test, formalin-induced hind paw licking in mice and Tail immersion test. H. intermedia crude ethanolic extract showed significant (p<0.05) effect in both carrageenan and histamine-induced rat paw edema at both 250 and 500 mg/kg oral doses. There were significant analgesic activities in comparison with standard drug and control (p<0.05). It is concluded that H. intermedia crude ethanolic extract possesses significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. However further studies may be carried out to isolate the phytochemicals responsible for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
Assuntos
Asteraceae , Histamina , Acetatos , Ácido Acético , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Carragenina , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Etanol/uso terapêutico , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , RatosRESUMO
Background: Histamine Intolerance (HIT) is a multifaceted pseudoallergic disorder possibly due to defective histamine metabolism. Diamine oxidase (DAO) contributes to histamine degradation and can be measured in the serum. The role of DAO measurement in the diagnostic work-up of HIT still remains unclear, and conflicting results have been reported in the literature. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the possible clinical usefulness and consistency of DAO value ranges as provided by the assay manufacturer and verify whether they could predict the response to treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 192 outpatients with HIT symptoms and measured serum DAO values at baseline. Patients were prescribed either with low-histamine diet and/or enzymatic supplementation according to symptom severity and re-evaluated six to eight months later. Patients were stratified into three groups according to DAO levels: <3 U/mL, 3−10 U/mL, and >10 U/mL. HIT severity was assessed on a scale of 1 to 5 before and after treatment. Results: A total of 146 patients completed the study. Gastrointestinal and cutaneous symptoms, often associated with headache, were more frequent in subjects with DAO < 10 U/mL. Symptom severity and DAO ranges were correlated. Patients with intermediate DAO levels (3−10 U/mL) showed a more complex clinical phenotype but also a more significant improvement in symptom severity (score reduction 50%, interquartile range (IQR) = 33−60%) when compared to patients with low DAO (40%, IQR = 20−60%; p = 0.045) or high DAO (33%, IQR = 0−50%; p < 0.001). Complex clinical phenotypes were also more frequent in patients with intermediate DAO levels. Conclusions: HIT is characterized by typical symptoms and low levels of DAO activity. Symptom severity was associated with the degree of DAO deficiency. Patients with DAO values between 3 and 10 U/mL show the best response to treatment (low-histamine diet and/or DAO supplementation). DAO value could arguably be considered as a predictor of clinical response to treatment. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these data.
Assuntos
Amina Oxidase (contendo Cobre) , Amina Oxidase (contendo Cobre)/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Cefaleia , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Histamine intolerance (HIT) is assumed to be due to a deficiency of the gastrointestinal (GI) enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO) and, therefore, the food component histamine not being degraded and/or absorbed properly within the GI tract. Involvement of the GI mucosa in various disorders and diseases, several with unknown origin, and the effects of some medications seem to reduce gastrointestinal DAO activity. HIT causes variable, functional, nonspecific, non-allergic GI and extra-intestinal complaints. Usually, evaluation for HIT is not included in differential diagnoses of patients with unexplained, functional GI complaints or in the here-listed disorders and diseases. The clinical diagnosis of HIT is challenging, and the thorough anamnesis of all HIT-linked complaints, using a standardized questionnaire, is the mainstay of HIT diagnosis. So far, DAO values in serum have not been established to correlate with DAO activity in the gut, but the diagnosis of HIT may be supported with determination of a low serum DAO value. A targeted dietary intervention, consisting of a histamine-reduced diet and/or supplementation with oral DAO capsules, is helpful to reduce HIT-related symptoms. This manuscript will present why histamine should also be taken into account in the differential diagnoses of patients with various diseases and disorders of unknown origin, but with association to functional gastrointestinal complaints. In this review, we discuss currently increasing evidence that HIT is primarily a gastrointestinal disorder and that it originates in the gut.
Assuntos
Amina Oxidase (contendo Cobre)/deficiência , Suplementos Nutricionais , Intolerância Alimentar/diagnóstico , Histamina/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Amina Oxidase (contendo Cobre)/administração & dosagem , Amina Oxidase (contendo Cobre)/sangue , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Intolerância Alimentar/sangue , Intolerância Alimentar/dietoterapia , Intolerância Alimentar/etiologia , Histamina/efeitos adversos , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Histamine is a well-known mediator involved in skin allergic responses through up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Antihistamines remain the mainstay of allergy treatment, but they were found limited in efficacy and associated with several common side effects. Therefore, alternative therapeutic preferences are derived from natural products in an effort to provide safe yet reliable anti-inflammatory agents. Curcumin and their derivatives are among compounds of interest in natural product research due to numerous pharmacological benefits including anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we investigate the effects of chemically synthesized curcumin derivative, 2,6-bis(2-fluorobenzylidene)cyclohexanone (MS65), in reducing cytokine production in histamine-induced HaCaT cells. METHODS: Interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine production in histamine-induced HaCaT cells were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cytotoxicity effects were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was carried out to determine the inhibitory effects of MS65 on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. RESULTS: Histamine enhanced IL-6 production in HaCaT cells, with the highest production of IL-6 at 97.41 ± 2.33 pg/mL after 24 h of exposure. MS65 demonstrated a promising anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting IL-6 production with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 4.91 ± 2.50 µM and median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 28.82 ± 7.56 µM. In gene expression level, we found that MS65 inhibits NF-κB and MAPK pathways through suppression of IKK/IκB/NFκB and c-Raf/MEK/ERK inflammatory cascades. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results suggest that MS65 could be used as a lead compound on developing new medicinal agent for the treatment of allergic skin diseases.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Curcumina/farmacologia , Cicloexanonas/farmacologia , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Histamina/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Curcumina/química , Cicloexanonas/química , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/genética , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Interleucina-6/genética , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , NF-kappa B/genéticaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-edematogenic activity of X. americana L. (HEXA) hydroethanolic extract in ear edema models (acute and chronic) induced by croton oil and by different phlogistic agents (arachidonic acid, capsaicin, phenol and histamine), identifying the possible anti-edematogenic mechanism. HEXA demonstrated a significant anti-edematogenic effect at concentrations of 100-500⯵g/ear in ear edema induced by croton oil with higher inhibition of edema of 39.37. However, the concentrations of 100 and 200⯵g/ear were taken as a standard, demonstrating the effect in the chronic model induced by croton oil with inhibition of 61.62% and 48.74%. In the AA-induced ear edema model, HEXA showed inhibition of: 24.45% and 32.31%; capsaicin inhibition of 72.72% and 47.57%; phenol inhibition of 34% and 20.1%; and histamine inhibition of 31.8% and 21.62%. Then, the results were showed that HEXA demonstrated an anti-edematogenic effect in acute and chronic inflammation models, demonstrating a probable mechanism of action by the inhibition or modulation of key mediators of the inflammatory process. The chemical profile and presence of flavonoids guaranteeing a profile of activity similar to natural drugs that act or modulate the production of mediators of inflammations.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Dermatite/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Olacaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Ácido Araquidônico/efeitos adversos , Ácido Araquidônico/antagonistas & inibidores , Capsaicina/efeitos adversos , Capsaicina/antagonistas & inibidores , Óleo de Cróton/toxicidade , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Fenol/efeitos adversos , Fenol/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Placebo effects are positive outcomes that are not due to active treatment components, which may be elicited even when patients are aware of receiving an inert substance (open-label). This proof-of-principle study investigated for the first time whether open-label placebo effects on itch can be induced by verbal suggestions alone. Ninety-two healthy volunteers were randomized to experimental (open-label suggestions) or control (no suggestions) groups. Self-reported itch evoked by histamine iontophoresis was the primary study outcome. In addition, itch expectations, skin condition and affect were assessed. The experimental group expected lower itch than the control group, which was, in turn, related to less experienced itch in this group only, although no significantly different itch levels were reported between groups. The results illustrate a potential role for open-label placebo effects in itch, and suggest that further study of verbal suggestions through an extensive explanation of placebo effects might be promising for clinical practice.
Assuntos
Efeito Placebo , Prurido/prevenção & controle , Sugestão , Comportamento Verbal , Administração Cutânea , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Histamina/administração & dosagem , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Iontoforese , Masculino , Países Baixos , Estudo de Prova de Conceito , Prurido/induzido quimicamente , Prurido/psicologia , Autoimagem , Autorrelato , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Nocebo effects, i.e., adverse treatment effects which are induced by patients' expectations, are known to contribute to the experience of physical symptoms such as pain and itch. A better understanding of how to minimize nocebo responses might eventually contribute to enhanced treatment effects. However, little is known about how to reduce nocebo effects. In the current randomized controlled study, we tested whether nocebo effects can be minimized by positive expectation induction with respect to electrical and histaminic itch stimuli. First, negative expectations about electrical itch stimuli were induced by verbal suggestion and conditioning (part 1: induction of nocebo effect). Second, participants were randomized to either the experimental group or one of the control groups (part 2: reversing nocebo effect). In the experimental group, positive expectations were induced by conditioning with verbal suggestion. In the control groups either the negative expectation induction was continued or an extinction procedure was applied. Afterwards, a histamine application test was conducted. Positive expectation induction resulted in a significantly smaller nocebo effect in comparison with both control groups. Mean change itch NRS scores showed that the nocebo effect was even reversed, indicating a placebo effect. Comparable effects were also found for histamine application. This study is the first to demonstrate that nocebo effects can be minimized and even reversed by conditioning with verbal suggestion. The results of the current study indicate that learning via counterconditioning and verbal suggestion represents a promising strategy for diminishing nocebo responses.
Assuntos
Condicionamento Psicológico , Estimulação Elétrica/efeitos adversos , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Prurido/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Masculino , Efeito Nocebo , Prurido/etiologia , Fala , Sugestão , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This article discusses the most interesting studies on functional and motor gastrointestinal disorders presented at Digestive Diseases Week (DDW), 2015. Researchers are still seeking biomarkers for irritable bowel syndrome and have presented new data. One study confirmed that the use of low-dose antidepressants has an antinociceptive effect without altering the psychological features of patients with functional dyspepsia. A contribution that could have immediate application is the use of transcutaneous electroacupuncture, which has demonstrated effectiveness in controlling nausea in patients with gastroparesis. New data have come to light on the importance of diet in irritable bowel syndrome, although the effectiveness of a low-FODMAP diet seems to be losing momentum with time. Multiple data were presented on the long-term efficacy of rifaximin therapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhoea. In addition, among other contributions, and more as a curiosity, a study evaluated the effect of histamine in the diet of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Assuntos
Gastroenteropatias , Motilidade Gastrointestinal , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores , Constipação Intestinal/fisiopatologia , Constipação Intestinal/psicologia , Constipação Intestinal/terapia , Diarreia/fisiopatologia , Diarreia/psicologia , Diarreia/terapia , Carboidratos da Dieta/efeitos adversos , Fibras na Dieta/uso terapêutico , Diverticulite/prevenção & controle , Dispepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Dispepsia/fisiopatologia , Dispepsia/psicologia , Eletroacupuntura , Fermentação , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Gastroenteropatias/fisiopatologia , Gastroenteropatias/psicologia , Gastroenteropatias/terapia , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Gastroparesia/patologia , Gastroparesia/fisiopatologia , Gastroparesia/terapia , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Células Intersticiais de Cajal/patologia , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/dietoterapia , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/fisiopatologia , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/psicologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Rifamicinas/uso terapêutico , RifaximinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Histamine is established as a potent inflammatory mediator and it is known to increased endothelial permeability by promoting gap formation between endothelial cells. Previous studies have shown that aqueous extract of Bixa orellana leaves (AEBO) exhibits antihistamine activity in vivo, yet the mechanism of its action on endothelial barrier function remains unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the protective effect of AEBO against histamine-induced hyperpermeability in vitro. METHODS: The endothelial protective effect of AEBO was assess using an in vitro vascular permeability assay kit. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used in the current study. HUVEC were pre-treated with AEBO for 12 h before histamine induction. Vascular permeability was evaluated by the amount of FITC-dextran leakage into the lower chamber. In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of AEBO, phospholipase C (PLC) activity, intracellular calcium level, nitric oxide (NO) concentration, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production and protein kinase C (PKC) activity were determined following histamine challenge. RESULTS: Histamine-induced increased HUVEC permeability was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with AEBO in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Upregulation of PLC activity caused by histamine in HUVEC was suppressed by pretreatment with AEBO. Pretreatment with AEBO also blocked the production of intracellular calcium induced by histamine in HUVEC. In addition, AEBO suppressed the NO-cGMP signaling cascade when HUVEC were challenged with histamine. Moreover, PKC activity was significantly abolished by pretreatment with AEBO in HUVEC under histamine condition. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the present data suggest that AEBO could suppress histamine-induced increased endothelial permeability and the activity may be closely related with the inhibition of the PLC-NO-cGMP signaling pathway and PKC activity.
Assuntos
Bixaceae , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , GMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfolipases Tipo C/metabolismo , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Histamina/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Excessive accumulation of histamine in the body leads to miscellaneous symptoms mediated by its bond to corresponding receptors (H1-H4). Increased concentration of histamine in blood can occur in healthy individuals after ingestion of foods with high contents of histamine, leading to histamine intoxication. In individuals with histamine intolerance (HIT) ingestion of food with normal contents of histamine causes histamine-mediated symptoms. HIT is a pathological process, in which the enzymatic activity of histamine-degrading enzymes is decreased or inhibited and they are insufficient to inactivate histamine from food and to prevent its passage to blood-stream. Diagnosis of HIT is difficult. Multi-faced, non-specific clinical symptoms provoked by certain kinds of foods, beverages and drugs are often attributed to different diseases, such as allergy and food intolerance, mastocytosis, psychosomatic diseases, anorexia nervosa or adverse drug reactions. Correct diagnosis of HIT followed by therapy based on histamine-free diet and supplementation of diamine oxidase can improve patient's quality of life
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Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Histamina/toxicidade , Histamina/biossíntese , Peixes , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/terapia , Amina Oxidase (contendo Cobre)/biossíntese , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/uso terapêutico , Contaminação de Alimentos , Tolerância Imunológica , Dietoterapia/métodos , Hipersensibilidade ImediataRESUMO
Excessive accumulation of histamine in the body leads to miscellaneous symptoms mediated by its bond to corresponding receptors (H1-H4). Increased concentration of histamine in blood can occur in healthy individuals after ingestion of foods with high contents of histamine, leading to histamine intoxication. In individuals with histamine intolerance (HIT) ingestion of food with normal contents of histamine causes histamine-mediated symptoms. HIT is a pathological process, in which the enzymatic activity of histamine-degrading enzymes is decreased or inhibited and they are insufficient to inactivate histamine from food and to prevent its passage to blood-stream. Diagnosis of HIT is difficult. Multi-faced, non-specific clinical symptoms provoked by certain kinds of foods, beverages and drugs are often attributed to different diseases, such as allergy and food intolerance, mastocytosis, psychosomatic diseases, anorexia nervosa or adverse drug reactions. Correct diagnosis of HIT followed by therapy based on histamine-free diet and supplementation of diamine oxidase can improve patient's quality of life.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/etiologia , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Amina Oxidase (contendo Cobre)/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Dietoterapia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/metabolismo , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/terapia , Histamina/metabolismo , Histamina/intoxicação , HumanosRESUMO
Cowhage, capsaicin and histamine, all applied via spicules, were used to induce itch and pain-related sensations in 15 male and 15 female subjects. Sensory qualities were assessed by questionnaire; intensities and time courses of the "itching" and "burning" sensation were measured alternately, but continuously on a VAS. In addition, axon reflexes were assessed. Only histamine and capsaicin produced a clear axon reflex flare (histamine > capsaicin, male = female). The 3 types of spicules caused mixed burning and itching sensations with different time courses. In the beginning burning prevailed, in the following minutes histamine induced mostly itching, capsaicin predominantly burning, cowhage both sensory components equally. Female subjects experienced more pain-related sensations (questionnaire), and their ratings leaned more toward burning than those of males. These findings indicate that the mixed itching and burning sensations are differentially processed by both genders. No indications were found for gender specific differential processing in the primary afferents as reflected by nearly identical flare responses.
Assuntos
Capsaicina/efeitos adversos , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Mucuna , Limiar da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Prurido/induzido quimicamente , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Fluxometria por Laser-Doppler , Masculino , Dor/diagnóstico , Dor/fisiopatologia , Medição da Dor , Prurido/diagnóstico , Prurido/fisiopatologia , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores Sexuais , Pele/irrigação sanguínea , Pele/inervação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease induced by arsenic exposure are not completely understood. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether arsenic-fed mice have an increased vascular leakage response to vasoactive agents and whether enhanced type-2 protein phosphatase (PP2A) activity is involved in mustard oil-induced leakage. ICR mice were fed water or sodium arsenite (20 mg/kg) for 4 or 8 weeks. The leakage response to vasoactive agents was quantified using the Evans blue (EB) technique or vascular labeling with carbon particles. Increased EB leakage and high density of carbon-labeled microvessels were detected in arsenic-fed mice treated with mustard oil. Histamine induced significantly higher vascular leakage in arsenic-fed mice than in water-fed mice. Pretreatment with the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid or the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) blocker RP67580 significantly reduced mustard oil-induced vascular leakage in arsenic-fed mice. The protein levels of PP2Ac and NK1R were similar in both groups. PP2A activity was significantly higher in the arsenic-fed mice compared with the control group. These findings indicate that microvessels generally respond to vasoactive agents, and that the increased PP2A activity is involved in mustard oil-induced vascular leakage in arsenic-fed mice. Arsenic may initiate endothelial dysfunction, resulting in vascular leakage in response to vasoactive agents.
Assuntos
Arsenitos/toxicidade , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/toxicidade , Compostos de Sódio/toxicidade , Doenças Vasculares/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Western Blotting , Orelha/irrigação sanguínea , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Azul Evans/metabolismo , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Isoindóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Mostardeira/efeitos adversos , Ácido Okadáico/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/efeitos adversos , Proteína Fosfatase 2/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína Fosfatase 2/metabolismo , Receptores da Neurocinina-1/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Doenças Vasculares/patologia , Vasoconstritores/efeitos adversosRESUMO
SCOPE: Oxidative stress-aggravated chronic inflammatory diseases of the airway are well documented; hence, treatment with antioxidants to ameliorate oxidative stress might be an effective strategy to reduce airway complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of diallyl sulfide (DAS), which is a natural organosulfuric compound found in garlic, on the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)- or histamine-induced inflammation in rat aortic smooth muscle A7r5 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: A7r5 cells were coincubated with DAS before exposure to TNF-α or histamine. DAS significantly blocked the accumulation of the nuclear p65 protein in TNF-α-induced A7r5 cells by attenuating the TNF-α receptor complex through the dissociation of the TNF receptor-associated death domain and TNF receptor-associated factor 2. Moreover, DAS inhibited histamine-induced inflammation by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by enhancing the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2-related antioxidative enzyme. DAS also inhibited inflammation by suppressing interleukin-1ß and TNF-α through the inhibition of ROS-induced PI3K/Akt and the downstream NF-κB and activator protein-1. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that DAS is a potential phytochemical to inhibit TNF-α- and histamine-induced inflammation, suggesting that DAS might be an effective dietary agent for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced inflammation of the airway.
Assuntos
Compostos Alílicos/farmacologia , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Sulfetos/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Alho/química , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Interleucina-1beta/antagonistas & inibidores , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Miócitos de Músculo Liso , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Ratos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Proteína de Domínio de Morte Associada a Receptor de TNF/metabolismo , Fator 2 Associado a Receptor de TNF/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição AP-1/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of aerial part of Vernonia patula (Dryand.) Merr (EAV). METHODS: The anti-inflammatory activity of EAV was studied using carrageenan and histamine-induced rat paw edema test at different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight). DPPH free radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, reducing power and Fe(2+) ion chelating ability were used for determining antioxidant activities. RESULTS: The EAV, at the dose of 400 mg/kg, showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity (P<0.01) both in the carrageenan and histamine-induced oedema test models in rats, showing 62.86% and 64.42% reduction in the paw volume comparable to that produced by the standard drug indomethacin (67.26% and 66.01%) at 5 h respectively. In DPPH free radical scavenging test, IC50 value for EAV was found fairly significant 36.59 µg/mL when compared to the IC50 value of the reference standards ascorbic acid 8.97 µg/mL. The IC50 values of the extract and ascorbic acid were 47.72 and 12.39 µg/mL, respectively in nitric oxide scavenging assay. The IC50 value of the EAV (33.59 µg/mL) as percentage of Fe(2+) ion chelating ability was also found significant compared to that of EDTA (9.16 µg/mL). The maximum absorbance for reducing power assay was found to be 1.928 at 100 µg/mL when compared to 2.449 for standard ascorbic acid. The total phenolic content was 198.81 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent. Acute toxicity test showed that the plant might be safe for pharmacological uses up to a dose level of 3 200 mg/kg of body weight in rats. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the obtained results suggest the acute anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the EAV and thus provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of this plant part as a remedy for inflammations.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Vernonia/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Antioxidantes/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Etanol/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Quelantes de Ferro/química , Quelantes de Ferro/farmacologia , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inibidores , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/química , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/química , RatosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antiasthmatic and antitussive properties of the aqueous leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum (B. pinnatum) (BP) Lam. METHODS: Ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs which were treated with BP for 21 consecutive days were exposed to 0.2% histamine aerosol in a glass chamber. Mucus viscosity, white blood cell and lymphocyte counts and tracheal wall morphometry were measured. Bouts of cough were counted pre and post acute exposure of extract-treated (× 7 d) guinea pigs to 7.5% citric acid aerosol in a chamber. Phenol red expectoration was estimated in mice after 7 d of daily administration of BP. RESULTS: Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day (×21 d) BP significantly increased the time for guinea pigs to experience preconvulsive dyspnoea. BP and salbutamol (0.5 mg/kg/day ×21 d) reduced mucus viscosity in the sensitized group to values comparable with controls. White blood cell, lymphocyte counts and tracheal morphometry were not significantly altered. Both doses of BP also significantly reduced the bouts of cough but only 400 mg/kg/day significantly inhibited the amount of phenol red secreted. CONCLUSIONS: BP has demonstrated antiasthmatic and antitussive properties in these rodent models. These properties may underscore its use in Nigerian ethnomedicine.