RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The root of Ilex asprella (RIA) is a popular plant resource for treating inflammation-related diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the secondary metabolites, to compare anti-inflammatory effects and to determine the quality marker components among root, stem and rhizome sections of IA. METHODS: Chemical fingerprints of stem, root and rhizome of IA was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A reliable method using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was established for comprehensively determining the chemical constituents of the plants. Anti-inflammatory activities of IA and its ingredients were screened by in vivo mouse ear swelling and in vitro LPS-induced release of NO from RAW264.7 cells experiments. RESULTS: Root, stem and rhizome of IA have shown high similarity in chemical fingerprints. Totally 149 compounds were characterized in IA, including triterpenoids, triterpenoid saponins, phenolic acids and lignans. 44 of them were identified based on co-occurring Mass2Motifs, including 19 unreported ones, whilst 17 were tentatively confirmed by comparison with reference compounds. No significant anti-inflammatory activity difference among root, stem and rhizome parts of IA was found. Ilexsaponin B2, protocatechualdehyde, isochlorogenic acid B and quinic acid, were screened out as quality marker compounds in IA. CONCLUSION: A sensitive and rapid strategy was established to evaluate the differences on secondary metabolites of different parts of IA for the first time, and this study may contribute to the quality evaluation of medicinal herbs and provide theoretically data support for further analysis of different parts of IA.
Assuntos
Ilex , Rizoma , Animais , Camundongos , Rizoma/química , Ilex/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Estrutura Molecular , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologiaRESUMO
Our aim was to compare the effects of a non-alcoholic Cabernet-Sauvignon (CS), Malbec (M), Merlot blend (BW) red wine extracts, Ilex paraguariensis (Ip) or Ilex brasiliensis (Ib) aqueous extracts, Vaccinium meridionale Swartz (mortiño) fermented extract (FE), berry juice (BJ) and polyphenols-riched fractions of cocoa(PFC) against reperfusion injury. Isolated rat hearts were submitted to 20 min of global ischemia (GI) and 30 min of reperfusion (R). Other hearts were treated 10 min before GI and first 10 min of R with the extracts. CS, M, Ip, Ib and FE attenuated the myocardial dysfunction and oxidative damage whereas BW, BJ and PFC were ineffective. Paradoxically, PFC had the highest and BW similar scavenging activity than protective extracts. The beneficial actions were lost when nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was inhibited. These data indicate that in vitro antioxidant capacity of natural products is not primarily responsible for the cardioprotection being involved NO-dependent pathways.
Nuestro objetivo fue comparar los efectos de extractos no alcohólicos de los vinos tinto Cabernet-Sauvignon (CS), Malbec (M) y Merlot (BW), de extractos acuosos de Ilex paraguariensis (Ip) e Ilex brasiliensis (Ib), de un extracto fermentado (FE) de Vaccinium meridionale Swartz (mortiño), del jugo del mortiño (BJ) y de fracciones enriquecidas en polifenoles de cacao (PFC) sobre las alteraciones miocárdicas producidas por isquemia-reperfusión. Para ello, corazones aislados de rata fueron sometidos a 20 min de isquemia global (GI) y 30 min de reperfusión (R). Otros corazones fueron tratados 10 minutos antes de GI y durante los primeros 10 minutos de la R con los extractos. CS, M, Ip, Ib y FE atenuaron la disfunción contráctil postisquémica y el daño oxidativo mientras que BW, BJ y PFC fueron ineficaces. Paradójicamente, PFC mostró la más alta y BW similar actividad antioxidante que los extractos protectores. Las acciones beneficiosas fueron abolidas cuando la óxido nítrico sintasa (NOS) fue inhibida. Estos datos indican que la capacidad antioxidante in vitro de los productos naturales no es el principal responsable de la cardioprotección estando involucradas vías dependientes del NO.