RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHOD: PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were searched for articles published up to September 2022. Variables were analyzed using weighted mean difference (WMD), standardized mean difference (SMD), odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Eight studies containing 744 patients were included in this study. The results demonstrate that TCM therapy had more advantages in improving the clinical outcome of SUI patients (OR = 2.90, 95%CI:1.92-4.37, P = 0.000), reducing the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF) score (WMD = -2.41, 95%CI:-2.83- -1.98, P = 0.000), reducing 1-h urinary pad leakage urine volume (WMD = -1.86, 95%CI:-2.23- -1.49, P = 0.000) and increasing Maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) (SMD = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.61-1.11, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: TCM therapy is effective in improving urinary incontinence symptoms, urodynamics, and quality of life in patients with SUI. This article provides a reference for the application of TCM therapy in women with urinary incontinence.
Assuntos
Incontinência Urinária por Estresse , Incontinência Urinária , Feminino , Humanos , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/diagnóstico , Qualidade de Vida , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence, especially stress urinary incontinence (SUI), is one of the problems experienced by premenopausal women. Given the role of vitamin D in enhancing muscle strength and function, this study explored the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on SUI in premenopausal women. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was performed with 60 premenopausal women referring to Kerman gynecological clinic in 2020 and 2021. Eligible women received a 5000-unit vitamin D supplement or placebo weekly for 3 months. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-SF) was utilized to assess SUI severity before and after the intervention. The t-test, Chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA were carried out in SPSS software (version 22) to analyze the data. P-values smaller than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in SUI severity (P = 0.652) and the impact of SUI severity on premenopausal women's lives (P = 0.804). In contrast, after 8-12 weeks of vitamin D supplementation, these scores decreased significantly in the intervention group relative to the control group (P < 0.001). In addition, after vitamin D supplementation, the number of SUI and urinary leakage symptoms decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Vitamin D supplementation improves SUI in premenopausal women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; https://fa.irct.ir/trial/53474 (IRCT20190724044318N2) on 11/02/2021.
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Incontinência Urinária por Estresse , Incontinência Urinária , Deficiência de Vitamina D , Feminino , Humanos , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Irã (Geográfico) , Suplementos Nutricionais , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina D/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a debilitating and highly prevalent condition in the UK. The condition is associated with a significant economic burden for affected patients and society. Current treatment options for SUI include minimally invasive therapies, medication and surgical intervention for the most serious cases. Electrical Muscle Stimulator with Multipath technology is a recently developed device for the treatment of SUI that relies on neuromuscular external electrical stimulation (NEES) technology. The clinical efficacy of the device has been proven in previous studies, but existing evidence surrounding its economic viability is limited.Objectives: To assess the cost-utility of the Electrical Muscle Stimulator with Multipath technology Therapy device for the treatment of SUI amongst women in a UK setting.Methods: An economic model was developed to consider the cost-utility (cost per quality-adjusted life-year [QALY] gained) of Electrical Muscle Stimulator with Multipath technology compared with current practice. A Markov model was developed, with costs and health effects estimated over the lifetime of the patient in the base-case analysis. The model was developed to reflect the treatment pathways typically followed by patients with SUI in the UK. Parameter uncertainty was explored in deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.Results: Base-case results indicate that Electrical Muscle Stimulator with Multipath technology results in cost savings and QALY gains over the patient's lifetime. In the "cure" analysis, the intervention is £250 less costly and leads to a 0.03 QALY gain per patient, while in the "improvement analysis", the intervention is £327 less costly and leads to a 0.13 QALY gain per patient. Results from the probabilistic sensitivity analyses show that the likelihood of Electrical Muscle Stimulator with Multipath technology being cost-effective is greater than 74% across all willingness-to-pay thresholds in the two analyses presented.Conclusions: Electrical Muscle Stimulator with Multipath technology is a potentially cost-effective treatment option for patients with SUI who have failed first-line treatment. It could reduce costs to the health care service and improve quality-of-life for selected patients over their lifetime.
Assuntos
Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica/economia , Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/terapia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica/efeitos adversos , Gastos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Recursos em Saúde/economia , Humanos , Modelos Econômicos , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica , Reino Unido , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess any beneficial effect on quality of life of a daily treatment with a phytotherapic product containing astragalus, thyme, lavender, hop, equisetum, red clover, cypress and agrimonia at titrated concentrations in a cohort of female patients complaining mild stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 42 non-consecutive female out-patients with mild SUI or mild MUI were assessed with a clinical evaluation, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and Patients' Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale (PPIUS) at baseline the start of the study and after two months of therapy with the phytotherapic product. At the end of the therapy the patients also compiled Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I). RESULTS: After the completion of the study there was a trend towards better results in each item of ICIQ-SF, but without any statistical significance with an average score in ICIQ-SF-1 of 3.12 ± 0.981 versus 3.21 ± 0.914 (p = 0.556), in ICIQ-SF-2 of 3.69 ± 1.422 versus 3.79 ± 1.372 (p = 0.68) and in ICIQ-SF-3 of 5.95 ± 1.618 versus 6.14 ± 1.670 (p = 0.462). The average reduction of PPIUS was of 0.09 (1.26 ± 1.481 versus 1.357 ± 1.509, p = 0.705). There was a reduction of average consumption of pads/die from 1.69 ± 0.636 to 1.54 ± 0.543 (p = 0.101). In relation to the PGI score, 23/42 patients (54.7%) reported no changes after the completion of the therapy, 13/42 (30.9%) reported a slight improvement, 5/42 (11.9%) were much improved and 1/42 (2.3%) was slightly worsened. Only 2/42 (4.7%) patients discontinued the treatment before of the completion of the study. We did not observe any adverse effects during the period of the study. CONCLUSIONS: The phytotherapic product seems to cause a slight improvement of the symptoms in a good rate of patients. Moreover it has a low rate of withdrawal, due to the lack of adverse events.
Assuntos
Preparações de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Qualidade de Vida , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária de Urgência/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Agrimonia/química , Astrágalo/química , Estudos de Coortes , Cupressus/química , Equisetum/química , Feminino , Humanos , Humulus/química , Lavandula/química , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fitoterapia/métodos , Preparações de Plantas/efeitos adversos , Preparações de Plantas/química , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Thymus (Planta)/química , Resultado do Tratamento , Trifolium/químicaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Overactive bladder (OAB) is one of the most common syndromes of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Besides standard therapy using anticholinergic medications, comprehensive management of overactive bladder includes physiotherapy. AIM: To test the clinical effectiveness and safety of autonomous electrostimulation device "Erektron" in treating OAB in women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the Urology and Gynecology Clinic of the Innovative Medical Technology Center between 25.04.2014 and 30.01.2015. It included 20 women with newly diagnosed OAB both with and without urinary urgency incontinence or urinary stress incontinence. The patients were divided into 2 groups. All patients were treated with the first line anticholinergic agent solifenacin 5 mg daily. In patients of group 1, anticholinergic therapy was administered concurrently with intravaginal electrostimulation using "Erektron" device. RESULTS: In both groups, the treatment resulted in positive results, but a more pronounced improvement was found in group 1 patients with mixed incontinence. CONCLUSION: Autonomous electrostimulation device MT-RV "Erektron" can be used in comprehensive management of patients with OAB, including those with stress urinary incontinence.
Assuntos
Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Antagonistas Colinérgicos/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica/instrumentação , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Succinato de Solifenacina/uso terapêutico , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa/complicações , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/complicações , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/terapia , Incontinência Urinária de Urgência/complicações , Incontinência Urinária de Urgência/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária de Urgência/terapia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and electrical stimulation (ES) are conservative models of therapy for treating female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The presence of estradiol receptors in the lower urinary tract advances the case for estradiol therapy in SUI. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of the combination of pelvic floor rehabilitation and intravaginal estriol (IE) on SUI treatment in postmenopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-two women with SUI were randomized to PFMT, ES and biofeedback (Group 1) or the same treatment plus 1 mg IE (Group 2) for 6 months. Patients were evaluated with medical history, pelvic examination, urodynamics, 24-hour pad test. Urinary incontinence was evaluated using the International Consultation on Incontinence questionnaire on urinary incontinence short form and quality of life using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Short Form. RESULTS: Two patients were lost at follow-up and one discontinued the study. Mean urine leakage at the 24-hour pad test dropped from 42.3 ± 20.2 g/die to 31.5 ± 14.2 g/die in Group 1 and from 48.3 ± 19.8 g/die to 22.3 ± 10.1 g/die in Group 2. Symptoms scores and incontinence status were statistically significant better in Group 2 when compared to Group 1. CONCLUSION: IE added to PFMT, ES and BF is a safe and efficacious first-line therapy in postmenopausal women with SUI.
Assuntos
Biorretroalimentação Psicológica/métodos , Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Estriol/administração & dosagem , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Diafragma da Pelve/fisiopatologia , Pós-Menopausa , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Intravaginal , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/etiologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/reabilitação , Micção/fisiologiaRESUMO
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disorder in middle-aged women and the elderly. Although surgical treatment of SUI has progressed, there are no effective pharmacological therapies without a side effect. We studied the effect of ginsenoside Rh2 against SUI. Here, we studied the effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on the contractile force of the urethra and blood vessels in an ex vivo organ bath assay. We further investigated the mechanisms and effects of Rh2 in cell culture and animal models. Ginsenoside Rh2 dose-dependently reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW 264.7 cells. In the vaginal distension (VD)-induced SUI mouse model, ginsenoside Rh2 significantly reversed the VD-induced SUI physical signs and reduced blood pressure. The modulation of several SUI-related proteins, including myosin, survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, α-adrenergic receptor 1a (AdR1a), and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), may play some crucial roles in the therapeutic approaches against SUI. In conclusion, the ginsenoside Rh2 may offer therapeutic potential against SUI.
Assuntos
Ginsenosídeos/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Ginsenosídeos/farmacologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Miosinas , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Panax , Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 1 , Superóxido Dismutase , Proteína 1 de Sobrevivência do Neurônio Motor , Suínos , Uretra/irrigação sanguínea , Uretra/efeitos dos fármacos , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-ß superfamily, is a negative regulator of myogenesis in skeletal muscle. We examined the effect of myostatin and myostatin inhibition by an antagonistic agent, follistatin, on growth of human urethral rhabdosphincter satellite cells (muscle stem cells) to develop a new strategy for treatment of stress urinary incontinence. METHODS: Rhabdosphincter satellite cells were cultured and selected by magnetic affinity cell sorting using an anti-neural cell adhesion molecule antibody. The cells were transfected with simian virus-40 antigen to extend their lifespan. A cell proliferation assay, a cell cycle analysis and an investigation of signal transduction were carried out. The autocrine action of endogenous myostatin by western blotting, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoneutralization using an anti-myostatin antibody was also evaluated. RESULTS: Selectively cultured cells expressed markers of striated muscles and successfully differentiated into myotubes. Myostatin inhibited proliferation of these cells through Smad2 phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest. Inhibitory effects of myostatin were reversed by addition of follistatin. However, rhabdosphincter satellite cells did not appear to use autocrine secretion of myostatin to regulate their proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of myostatin function might be a useful pathway in the development of novel strategies for stimulating rhabdosphincter cells regeneration to treat stress urinary incontinence.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Miostatina/farmacologia , Uretra/efeitos dos fármacos , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Comunicação Autócrina , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Miostatina/uso terapêutico , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the effects of the combination of pelvic floor rehabilitation and intravaginal estriol administration on stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urogenital atrophy and recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Two-hundred-six postmenopausal women with urogenital aging symptoms were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups and each group consisted of 103 women. Subjects in the treatment group received intravaginal estriol ovules, such as 1 ovule (1 mg) once daily for 2 weeks and then 2 ovules once weekly for a total of 6 months as maintenance therapy plus pelvic floor rehabilitation. Subjects in the control group received only intravaginal estriol in a similar regimen. We evaluated urogenital symptomatology, urine cultures, colposcopic findings, urethral cytologic findings, urethral pressure profiles and urethrocystometry before, as well as after 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: After therapy, the symptoms and signs of urogenital atrophy significantly improved in both groups. 61/83 (73.49%) of the treated patients, and only 10/103 (9.71%) of the control patients referred a subjective improvement of their incontinence. In the patients treated by combination therapy with estriol plus pelvic floor rehabilitation, we observed significant improvements of colposcopic findings, and there were statistically significant increases in mean maximum urethral pressure (MUP), in mean urethral closure pressure (MUCP), as well as in the abdominal pressure transmission ratio to the proximal urethra (PTR). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that combination therapy with estriol plus pelvic floor rehabilitation was effective and should be considered as a first-line treatment for symptoms of urogenital aging in postmenopausal women.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Estriol/uso terapêutico , Terapia por Exercício , Diafragma da Pelve/fisiopatologia , Sistema Urogenital/patologia , Sistema Urogenital/fisiopatologia , Administração Intravaginal , Análise de Variância , Atrofia/tratamento farmacológico , Atrofia/fisiopatologia , Atrofia/reabilitação , Dispareunia/tratamento farmacológico , Dispareunia/fisiopatologia , Dispareunia/reabilitação , Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pós-Menopausa , Pressão , Uretra/fisiopatologia , Bexiga Urinária/fisiopatologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/fisiopatologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/reabilitação , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Urinárias/fisiopatologia , Infecções Urinárias/reabilitação , Vagina/patologia , Vagina/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Pueraria mirifica on vaginal and urethral cytology, bladder pressure and capacity, residual urine, and leak point pressure in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Seventy-two adult, ovariectomized, female Sprague-Dawley rats were placed into one of four groups: control, estradiol, or 100 or 1,000 mg/kg of Pueraria mirifica (PM-100 and PM-1000, respectively). The vaginal and urethral smears were checked after 30 days of ovariectomy at pretreatment and at day 28 of treatment.A single cystometry, defined as the micturition interval, filling pressure, threshold pressure, micturition pressure, and voided volume, was performed. Peak bladder pressure was calculated for each leak point pressure measured at half bladder capacity by slowly and manually increasing abdominal pressure until a leak occurred, at which point external pressure was rapidly released. Leak point pressure was tested three times per rat. RESULTS: After 28 days of treatment, the estradiol, PM-100, and PM-1000 groups had significantly higher numbers of vaginal and urethral superficial cells compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Regarding the urodynamic parameters, the threshold pressure, micturition pressure, and leak point pressure were higher in the estradiol, PM-100, and PM-1000 groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The control, PM-100, and PM-1000 groups had the same values for micturition interval, bladder capacity, voided volume, and residual volume (P > 0.05) but lower values compared with the estradiol group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pueraria mirifica 100 and 1,000 mg/kg/day showed an estrogen-like effect on the vaginal and urethral epithelium of ovariectomized rats. They did not change bladder capacity and residual urine volume but increased leak point pressure according to urodynamic study.
Assuntos
Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Pueraria , Uretra/efeitos dos fármacos , Bexiga Urinária/efeitos dos fármacos , Vagina/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Feminino , Ovariectomia , Preparações de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Uretra/citologia , Bexiga Urinária/fisiologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Vagina/citologiaRESUMO
To compare the mechanisms underlying mechanical responses to ephedrine and Ephedra herb, a main component of Kakkon-to, in isolated male and female rabbit urinary bladder and urethral strips, responses of isolated strips to the agents were recorded in organ bath systems. Ephedrine and Ephedra herb relaxed the female urinary bladder to the similar extent. These relaxations are reversed to contractions by timolol. In the presence of timolol, ephedrine produced less contraction of urethral strips in the female than those in the male; this contraction was abolished by prazosin. Ephedra herb contracted the female urethra less than that of the male, and the contraction was stronger than that by ephedrine. The contraction caused by Ephedra herb in strips treated with timolol was significantly inhibited by prazosin. The prazosin-resistant contraction of the female urethra was greater than that of the male. Quinacrine, a phospholipase A(2) inhibitor, indomethacin, and AA861, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, inhibited the contraction. The contraction was inhibited by ZK 158252, a leukotriene (LT) B(4)-receptor antagonist. These findings suggest that Ephedra herb contracts the urethra via arachidonic acid metabolites together with alpha(1)-adrenoceptor stimulation. The metabolites produced by 5-lipoxygenase may stimulate LTB(4), but not CysLt(1), receptors. These contractile components induced by Ephedra herb and Kakkon-to might be effective for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.
Assuntos
Ephedra , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Uretra/efeitos dos fármacos , Bexiga Urinária/efeitos dos fármacos , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Efedrina/farmacologia , Feminino , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Prazosina/farmacologia , Coelhos , Timolol/farmacologia , Uretra/fisiologia , Bexiga Urinária/fisiologiaRESUMO
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a known complication after prostate surgery. To date no pharmacologic treatment is available. Currently Duloxetine, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is available for women with SUI. This study investigates the effect of Duloxetine on men with SUI after prostate surgery. 56 patients were included in our study. 49 after radical prostatectomy and 7 after TURP. All patients were initially treated with pelvic floor exercises. Thereafter 40 mg Duloxetine was administered twice daily. When taking Duloxetine, the average use of incontinence pads decreased from 3.3 to 1.5 per day. 14 patients needed no and 18 a single pad per day. Most patients reported mild and temporary side effects, 13 patients assessed them to be moderate and 9 being severe. The results of this off-label use show that Duloxetine is effective in men with SUI after prostate surgery even if standard pelvic floor exercises have failed.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Captação Adrenérgica/uso terapêutico , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Tiofenos/uso terapêutico , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Captação Adrenérgica/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Cloridrato de Duloxetina , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Satisfação do Paciente , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Prostatectomia , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/efeitos adversos , Tiofenos/efeitos adversos , Ressecção Transuretral da PróstataRESUMO
Urinary incontinence can be treated with medicinal products in addition to active pelvic floor muscle training and electrostimulation. A local hormone therapy should be first discussed with the gynaecologist. The active substance duloxetine has been used for a few years for treating stress incontinence. Several older and newer active substances are available for treating irritable bladder and stress incontinence.
Assuntos
Incontinência Urinária/terapia , Cloridrato de Duloxetina , Estimulação Elétrica , Estrogênios/administração & dosagem , Estrogênios/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Diafragma da Pelve , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/provisão & distribuição , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Tiofenos/administração & dosagem , Tiofenos/uso terapêutico , Incontinência Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/terapia , Incontinência Urinária de Urgência/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária de Urgência/terapiaRESUMO
This study examined subjective continence status and use of subsequent alternative therapeutic procedures at long-term follow-up after collagen injection for stress incontinence (SI) in women. Seventy women who underwent collagen injection for SI were identified by retrospective chart review and surveyed by mail questionnaire for subjective continence status, daily pad usage pre- and post-treatment, and use of anticholinergics and alternative procedures. Questionnaire responders' versus non-responders' mean age, follow-up, and pad usage were compared. Thirty-three women (47%) responded on questionnaires. Of the 33, 50% were dry or subjectively improved at long-term follow-up and 91% had not chosen an alternative invasive treatment after collagen injection. Chart review showed responders were not significantly different from non-responders in mean age (65.9 vs. 69.2 years), pad usage (0.6 vs. 0.8 pads/day), or follow-up (4.5 vs. 4.3 years). Collagen injection, a minimally invasive treatment for SI, appears to benefit a significant number of women.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas Colinérgicos/uso terapêutico , Colágeno/administração & dosagem , Implantação de Prótese/métodos , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/fisiopatologia , Urodinâmica/fisiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Injeções , Satisfação do Paciente , Período Pós-Operatório , Próteses e Implantes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Bexiga Urinária , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Stress urinary incontinence in women occurs frequently. This paper gives a review of current treatment alternatives. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The paper is based on the report from the 3 rd International Consultation on Incontinence, the Cochrane database, a PubMed search, and my own clinical experience as a urogynaecologist. RESULTS: General practitioners may initiate conservative treatment without extensive evaluation. The first line treatment is pelvic floor muscle exercises (8-12 strong contractions X 3 every other day). Motivation and compliance are extremely important. Electrostimulation and treatment with vaginal cones are other options with comparable efficacy. Weight reduction (5-10%) may improve the condition significantly. Medical treatment with duloxetine tablets has recently become available. The efficacy of duloxetine is similar to that for pelvic floor exercise. Currently the most commonly used surgical procedures are midurethral retropubic or transobturatoric tension free vaginal tape, which are often done as day surgery and have lower morbidity than older procedures. Approximately 90% of the patients are satisfied with the results, and they continue to be so over time. Stress incontinence surgery is associated with complications such as de novo urge incontinence, impaired bladder emptying, recurrent urinary tract infections, pain and genital prolapse, but the risk is probably lower with tension free vaginal tape than with the older surgical methods. INTERPRETATION: Conservative treatment may reduce incontinence in many patients; it is simple, inexpensive and without risk of complications and is therefore the primary treatment option. Surgical treatment may cure the incontinence permanently, but there is a risk of permanent complications.
Assuntos
Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/terapia , Inibidores da Captação Adrenérgica/uso terapêutico , Cloridrato de Duloxetina , Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica , Terapia por Exercício , Feminino , Humanos , Tampões Absorventes para a Incontinência Urinária , Diafragma da Pelve/fisiologia , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Tiofenos/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/cirurgia , Micção/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Many women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) undergo surgery to relieve their symptoms. Currently, tension-free vaginal tape or transobturator tape sling procedures are the surgical treatments of choice. Although these procedures are often successful, a growing number of women experience suboptimal results ranging from improvement without cure to postoperative failure. Follow-up surgery often improves residual or recurrent symptoms but generally carries lower success rates and higher complication risks. Additionally, many women with suboptimal results are reluctant to undergo further surgery. SCOPE: A PubMed literature search for studies of SUI treatment options published from 1986 to 2006 was performed. FINDINGS: The literature revealed a gap in published studies addressing non-surgical options for patients with failed SUI surgeries. Studies of non-surgical treatments for SUI often exclude women who have had prior surgeries, or do not analyze this subgroup. It is, therefore, difficult to assess non-surgical treatment options for women with failed surgeries. Women whose residual or recurring SUI is attributable to intrinsic sphincter deficiency may instead elect the injection of a bulking agent. Bulking agents are associated with a low rate of complications but frequently require several injections to be successful. Women experiencing suboptimal surgical results whose SUI is attributable to hypermobility may select a new non-surgical treatment, radiofrequency collagen denaturation. This non-invasive procedure has also demonstrated a low rate of complications. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the effect of SUI symptoms on women's quality of life, and with more women experiencing suboptimal results after surgery for SUI, it is important to assess alternatives to further surgery.
Assuntos
Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/terapia , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos/uso terapêutico , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/uso terapêutico , Biorretroalimentação Psicológica , Administração de Caso , Colágeno/efeitos da radiação , Cloridrato de Duloxetina , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios , Terapia por Exercício , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções , Pessários , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Próteses e Implantes , Qualidade de Vida , Terapia por Radiofrequência , Reoperação/psicologia , Tiofenos/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/psicologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/cirurgiaRESUMO
Urinary incontinence is a major problem in elderly patients. Severe underreporting of symptoms in combination with a reluctance of health professionals to ask about continence problems lead to a relevant illness burden. Individual psychological distress and reduction in self-perceived quality of life ending in social isolation cause significant subsequent morbidity. Therefore active case finding for continence-problems is an important obligation for health care providers, since effective pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical treatment-options are available. A combination of different therapeutic modalities often leads to an appreciable improvement of the symptoms, and sometimes a cure even in old patients. Therapeutic options and prognosis of different treatment approaches should be discussed in an unbiased manner with patients.
Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Incontinência Urinária , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Terapia Combinada , Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica , Estrogênios/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Pós-Menopausa , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Isolamento Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento , Incontinência Urinária/diagnóstico , Incontinência Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária/psicologia , Incontinência Urinária/cirurgia , Incontinência Urinária/terapia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/diagnóstico , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/tratamento farmacológico , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/etiologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/psicologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/cirurgiaRESUMO
Drug treatment for female urinary incontinence requires a thorough knowledge of the differential diagnosis and pathophysiology of incontinence as well as of the pharmacological agents employed. Pharmacotherapy has to be tailored to suit the incontinence subtype and should be carefully balanced according to efficacy and side effects of the drug. Women with urge incontinence require treatment that relaxes or desensitizes the bladder (antimuscarinics, estrogens, alpha-blockers, beta-mimetics, botulinum toxin A, resiniferatoxin, vinpocetine), whereas patients with stress incontinence need stimulation and strengthening of the pelvic floor and external sphincter (alpha-mimetics, estrogens, duloxetine). Females with overflow incontinence need reduction of outflow resistance (baclofen, alpha-blockers, intrasphincteric botulinum toxin A) and/or improvement of bladder contractility (parasympathomimetics). If nocturia or nocturnal incontinence are the major complaints, control of diuresis is obtained by administration of the ADH analogue desmopressin. Future developments will help to further optimize the pharmacological therapy for female urinary incontinence.