RESUMO
High efficiency of a combined preparation including synergistic polymyxin B and 4-hexylresorcinol was shown for treatment of experimental sepsis caused by an antibiotic-resistant highly virulent hypermucoid Klebsiella pneumoniae strain KPM9Pmr in mice. Complex therapy with polymyxin B (1 mg/kg) and 4-hexylresorcinol (30 mg/kg) led to cure in 80%; in 20% of these mice, no bacterial cells were found. After treatment with polymyxin B alone, only 50% animals survived and all of them contained bacterial cells. Comparative analysis of the results of monotherapy and combined treatment indicates that 4-hexylresorcinol not only increases the efficiency of antibiotic, but also minimizes persistence of the infection agent and therefore, the risk of development of antibiotic resistance.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/efeitos dos fármacos , Hexilresorcinol/farmacologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Animais não Endogâmicos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Infecções por Klebsiella/complicações , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Klebsiella/patologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Polimixina B/farmacologia , Polimixina B/uso terapêutico , Polimixinas/análogos & derivados , Polimixinas/farmacologia , Polimixinas/uso terapêutico , Sepse/microbiologiaRESUMO
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major pathogen implicated in nosocomial infections. Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae isolates are a public health concern. We aim to characterize the type of ß-lactamases and the associated resistance mechanisms in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from blood cultures in a Portuguese hospital, as well as to determine the circulating clones. Twenty-two cefotaxime/ceftazidime-resistant (CTX/CAZR) K. pneumoniae isolates were included in the study. Identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk-diffusion. The screening test for ESBL-production was performed and ESBL-producer isolates were further characterized. The presence of different beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaOXA-48, blaCMY-2, blaDHA-1, blaFOX, blaMOX, and blaACC) was analyzed by PCR/sequencing in ESBL-producer isolates, as well as the presence of other resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr, tetA/B, dfrA, qnrA/B/S, sul1/2/3) or integron-related genes (int1/2/3). Multilocus-sequence-typing (MLST) was performed for selected isolates. ESBL activity was detected in 12 of the 22 CTX/CAZR K. pneumoniae isolates and 11 of them carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene (together with blaTEM), and the remaining isolate carried the blaSHV-106 gene. All the blaCTX-M-15 harboring isolates also contained a blaSHV gene (blaSHV-1, blaSHV-11 or blaSHV-27 variants). Both blaSHV-27 and blaSHV-106 genes correspond to ESBL-variants. Two of the CTX-M-15 producing isolates carried a carbapenemase gene (blaKPC2/3 and blaOXA-48) and showed imipenem resistance. The majority of the ESBL-producing isolates carried the int1 gene, as well as sulphonamide-resistance genes (sul2 and/or sul3); the tetA gene was detected in all eight tetracycline-resistant isolates. Three different genetic lineages were found in selected isolates: ST348 (one CTX-M-15/TEM/SHV-27/KPC-2/3-producer isolate), ST11 (two CTX-M-15/TEM/SHV-1- and CTX-M-15-TEM-SHV-11-OXA-48-producer isolates) and ST15 (one SHV-106/TEM-producer isolate). ESBL enzymes of CTX-M-15 or SHV-type are detected among blood K. pneumoniae isolates, in some cases in association with carbapenemases of KPC or OXA-48 type.
Assuntos
Cefotaxima/uso terapêutico , Ceftazidima/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Infecções por Klebsiella/patologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Sepse/patologia , beta-Lactamases/genética , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção Hospitalar/genética , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/patologia , Humanos , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Klebsiella/genética , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus/métodos , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Sepse/genética , Sepse/microbiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dusuqing granules (DSQ) have been used in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia clinically, with remarkable benefits. This study was initiated to explore the effects of DSQ on pulmonary inflammation by regulating nuclear factor (NF)-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in bacterial pneumonia rats. METHODS: Rat model was duplicated with Klebsiella pneumonia by a one-time intratracheal injection. Rats were randomized into control, model, DSQ and levofloxacin (LVX) groups. After administrated with appropriate medicines for 7 days, lung tissues were harvested and prepared for pathological analysis, and interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 detections. NF-κB mRNA was measured by real-time qPCR, and the phosphorylation and total proteins of P38MAPK, JNK46/54, ERK42/44 were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS: Marked pathological impairments were observed in model rats, whereas were improved in DSQ group. The cytokines levels, NF-κB mRNA expression and the phosphorylation of P38MAPK, JNK46/54 and ERK42/44 proteins were significantly higher in model group, and were significantly depressed in DSQ group. CONCLUSION: The protective effects of DSQ on Klebsiella pneumonia might be attributed to its inactivative effects of NF-κB/ MAPK pathway.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/metabolismo , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Pneumonia Bacteriana/metabolismo , Pneumonia/metabolismo , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Quimiocina CXCL2/metabolismo , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Feminino , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases JNK Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/patologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Magnoliopsida , Masculino , Fosforilação , Fitoterapia , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/patologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismoRESUMO
Previous studies reported decreased mortality in patients with carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections (BSIs) treated with combination therapy but included carbapenem-susceptible and -intermediate isolates, as per revised CLSI breakpoints. Here, we assessed outcomes in patients with BSIs caused by phenotypically carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) according to the number of in vitro active agents received and whether an extended-spectrum beta-lactam (BL) antibiotic, including meropenem, or an extended-spectrum cephalosporin was administered. We retrospectively reviewed CRKP BSIs at two New York City hospitals from 2006 to 2013, where all isolates had meropenem or imipenem MICs of ≥4 µg/ml. Univariate and multivariable models were created to identify factors associated with mortality. Of 141 CRKP BSI episodes, 23% were treated with a single active agent (SAA), 26% were treated with an SAA plus BL, 28% were treated with multiple active agents (MAA), and 23% were treated with MAA plus BL. Ninety percent of isolates had meropenem MICs of ≥16 µg/ml. Thirty-day mortality was 33% overall and did not significantly differ across the four treatment groups in a multivariable model (P = 0.4); mortality was significantly associated with a Pitt bacteremia score of ≥4 (odds ratio [OR], 7.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2 to 18.1; P = 0.1), and immunosuppression was protective (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.0; P = 0.04). Individual treatment characteristics were also not significantly associated with outcome, including use of SAAs versus MAA (26% versus 38%, P = 0.1) or BL versus no BL (26% versus 39%, P = 0.1). In summary, in patients with CRKP BSIs caused by isolates with high carbapenem MICs, the role of combination therapy remains unclear, highlighting the need for prospective studies to identify optimal treatment regimens.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Imipenem/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Tienamicinas/uso terapêutico , Resistência beta-Lactâmica , Idoso , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/mortalidade , Bacteriemia/patologia , Cefalosporinas/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/mortalidade , Infecções por Klebsiella/patologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Klebsiella pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Masculino , Meropeném , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
New antibiotic options are urgently needed for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections. We report a 64-year-old female with prolonged hospitalization following an intestinal transplant who developed refractory bacteremia due to a serine carbapenemase-producing pandrug-resistant isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae. After failing multiple antimicrobial regimens, the patient was successfully treated.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas de Bactérias/biossíntese , Intestino Delgado/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Compostos Azabicíclicos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/patologia , Carbapenêmicos/uso terapêutico , Ceftazidima/uso terapêutico , Colectomia , Colistina/uso terapêutico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Feminino , Ganciclovir/análogos & derivados , Ganciclovir/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Intestino Delgado/transplante , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/patologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Meropeném , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Minociclina/análogos & derivados , Minociclina/uso terapêutico , Tienamicinas/uso terapêutico , Tigeciclina , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico , ValganciclovirRESUMO
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a common occurrence in health care facilities with a heightened risk for immunocompromised patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae has been increasingly implicated as the bacterial agent responsible for SSTIs, and treatment can be challenging as more strains become multidrug resistant (MDR). Therefore, new treatments are needed to counter this bacterial pathogen. Gallium complexes exhibit antimicrobial activity and are currently being evaluated as potential treatment for bacterial infections. In this study, we tested a topical formulation containing gallium citrate (GaCi) for the treatment of wounds infected with K. pneumoniae. First, the MIC against K. pneumoniae ranged from 0.125 to 2.0 µg/ml GaCi. After this in vitro efficacy was established, two topical formulations with GaCi (0.1% [wt/vol] and 0.3% [wt/vol]) were tested in a murine wound model of MDR K. pneumoniae infection. Gross pathology and histopathology revealed K. pneumoniae-infected wounds appeared to close faster with GaCi treatment and were accompanied by reduced inflammation compared to those of untreated controls. Similarly, quantitative indications of infection remediation, such as reduced weight loss and wound area, suggested that treatment improved outcomes compared to those of untreated controls. Bacterial burdens were measured 1 and 3 days following inoculation, and a 0.5 to 1.5 log reduction of CFU was observed. Lastly, upon scanning electron microscopy analysis, GaCi treatment appeared to prevent biofilm formation on dressings compared to those of untreated controls. These results suggest that with more preclinical testing, a topical application of GaCi may be a promising alternative treatment strategy for K. pneumoniae SSTI.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Citratos/farmacologia , Gálio/farmacologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção dos Ferimentos/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Cutânea , Animais , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/patologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/microbiologia , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/patologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/patologiaRESUMO
Majocchi's granuloma (MG) is a rare deep skin dermatophyte infection that can occur either in immunocompetent or in immunocompromised individuals. Oral itraconazole or terbinafine is considered to be the first choice of treatment. We report an immunocompetent man with deep nodular form of MG, the form which is generally found in immunosuppressed individuals. Previous treatment with either oral itraconazole or terbinafine yielded no apparent improvement. After a series of examination, the man was diagnosed as having Trichophyton rubrum-induced MG mixed with bacterial infection as evidenced by growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae in tissue bacterial culture. The patient was treated with a combination of cefoselis and levofloxacin for bacterial clearance followed by voriconazole treatment. After approximately 4 months of voriconazole treatment, the lesions completely resolved. Alternative medicine (voriconazole) can be considered in case of refractory infections during MG treatment.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Coinfecção/tratamento farmacológico , Granuloma/tratamento farmacológico , Tinha/tratamento farmacológico , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação , Voriconazol/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Ceftizoxima/administração & dosagem , Ceftizoxima/análogos & derivados , Coinfecção/complicações , Coinfecção/patologia , Granuloma/microbiologia , Granuloma/patologia , Humanos , Infecções por Klebsiella/complicações , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Klebsiella/patologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Levofloxacino/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tinha/complicações , Tinha/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Here we review the effectiveness and safety of high-dose tigecycline (200mg daily). A systematic search was performed in PubMed and Scopus databases as well as of abstracts presented at scientific conferences. Eight studies (263 patients; 58% critically ill) were included, comprising one randomised controlled trial (RCT), four non-randomised cohorts and three case reports. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most commonly isolated pathogen (reported in seven studies). In the RCT, response in the clinically evaluable patients was 85.0% (17/20) in the 100mg every 12h (q12h) group and 69.6% (16/23) in the 75mg q12h group (P=0.4). More episodes of diarrhoea, treatment-related nausea and vomiting developed in the high-dose group (14.3% vs. 2.8%, 8.6% vs. 2.8% and 5.7% vs. 2.8%, respectively; P>0.05 for all comparisons). Three (8.6%) and 7 (19.6%) patients died in the 200mg and 150mg daily dose groups, respectively. The cohort studies enrolled patients with severe infections, including ventilator-associated pneumonia and complicated intra-abdominal infections. Mortality with high-dose tigecycline (100mg q12h) in the cohort studies ranged from 8.3% to 26%; mortality in the low-dose groups (50mg q12h) ranged from 8% to 61% and depended on the severity of the underlying infection. There are limited available data regarding the effectiveness and safety of high-dose tigecycline. Most of the data come from critically ill patients with difficult-to-treat infections. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of tigecycline suggest that high-dose regimens may be more effective than low-dose regimens. Candidates for administration of high-dose tigecycline should be also defined.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Intra-Abdominais/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Minociclina/análogos & derivados , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Estado Terminal , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Infecções Intra-Abdominais/microbiologia , Infecções Intra-Abdominais/mortalidade , Infecções Intra-Abdominais/patologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/mortalidade , Infecções por Klebsiella/patologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Minociclina/efeitos adversos , Minociclina/farmacocinética , Minociclina/uso terapêutico , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/microbiologia , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/mortalidade , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/patologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Tigeciclina , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In many Asian countries, Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is the second pathogen responsible for community-acquired pneumonia. Yet, very little is known about KP etiology in ALRI in Cambodia, a country that has one of the weakest medical infrastructures in the region. We present here the first clinico-radiological description of KP community-acquired ALRI in hospitalized Cambodian patients. METHODS: Through ALRI surveillance in two provincial hospitals, KP was isolated from sputum and blood cultures, and identified by API20E gallery from patients ≥ 5 years-old with fever and respiratory symptoms onset ≤14 days. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was provided systematically to clinicians when bacteria were isolated. We collected patients' clinical, radiological and microbiological data and their outcome 3 months after discharge. We also compared KP-related with other bacteria-related ALRI to determine risk factors for KP infection. RESULTS: From April 2007 to December 2009, 2315 ALRI patients ≥ 5 years-old were enrolled including 587 whose bacterial etiology could be assigned. Of these, 47 (8.0%) had KP infection; their median age was 55 years and 68.1% were females. Reported prior medication was high (42.5%). Patients' chest radiographs showed pneumonia (61.3% including 39% that were necrotizing), preexisting parenchyma lesions (29.5%) and pleural effusions alone (4.5%) and normal parenchyma (4.5%). Five patients had severe conditions on admission and one patient died during hospitalization. Of the 39 patients that were hospital discharged, 14 died including 12 within 1 month after discharge. Only 13 patients (28%) received an appropriate antibiotherapy. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) - producing strains were found in 8 (17.0%) patients. Female gender (Odds ratio (OR) 2.1; p = 0.04) and diabetes mellitus (OR 3.1; p = 0.03) were independent risk factors for KP-related ALRI. CONCLUSIONS: KP ALRI in Cambodia has high fatality rate, are more frequently found in women, and should be considered in diabetic patients. The extremely high frequency of ESBL-producing strains in the study is alarming in the context of uncontrolled antibiotic consumption and in absence of microbiology capacity in most public-sector hospitals.
Assuntos
Broncopneumonia/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/epidemiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Idoso , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Sangue/microbiologia , Broncopneumonia/microbiologia , Broncopneumonia/mortalidade , Broncopneumonia/patologia , Camboja/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/mortalidade , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/mortalidade , Infecções por Klebsiella/patologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Escarro/microbiologia , Análise de Sobrevida , beta-Lactamases/metabolismoAssuntos
Quimioterapia Combinada/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Gentamicinas/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Imipenem/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Klebsiella/diagnóstico , Infecções por Klebsiella/patologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda/diagnóstico , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda/microbiologia , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda/patologia , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda/terapia , Nutrição Parenteral Total , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
"Orostim" is a polymicrobial immunomodulator for oral administration, obtained from bacterial suspensions, disintegrated by ultrasonics and dried by atomization. The preparation was chemically characterized before and after atomization without presenting essential modifications. Orostim was not shown to be toxic in mice and rats by esophageal intubation, as long as 20 days. The animals presented normal evolution; hemoleukograms, serum proteins and alkaline phosphatase, in rats, did not present significant modifications in comparison with controls. Histopathologic examination of the organs, obtained from mice, treated for 20 days (liver, spleen, lung) did not emphasize modifications in comparison with controls. Circulating neutrophils phagocytosis in rabbits, orally treated with Orostim, was increased as compared to 0 time; serum complement values decreased compared to the initial ones for 0 time but turned to normal and reached even superior limits, 10 days after the treatment ending.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/toxicidade , Vacinas Bacterianas/toxicidade , Fatores Biológicos/toxicidade , Timerosal/toxicidade , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/química , Administração Oral , Animais , Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Bacterianas/química , Fatores Biológicos/administração & dosagem , Fatores Biológicos/química , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/patologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/prevenção & controle , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Masculino , Camundongos , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Fagocitose/imunologia , Coelhos , Salmonelose Animal/patologia , Salmonelose Animal/prevenção & controle , Salmonella typhimurium , Infecções Estafilocócicas/patologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/prevenção & controle , Timerosal/administração & dosagem , Timerosal/químicaRESUMO
There were investigated possible deleterious effects induced in white mice and rabbits by prolonged administration of polidin in different concentrations, as well as of polidin associated with membrane fraction of Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the experimental model used all the animals evolved normally presenting some transient blood modifications which occurred after administration of comparatively much higher doses than those usually administered in man. There were not noticed significant macroscopical and microscopical modifications at the level of the organs sampled from mice. The pregnant female mice treated along one month with doses, proportionally 1000 times higher than those used in human therapy, presented some pathological aspects, which disappeared on cessation of therapy with the biological. These animals were not affected by abortions and the experiment proved the absence of some teratogenic effects connected to polidin administration. The prolonged polidin administration also acted as an immunostimulant of the natural and acquired defense system.