RESUMO
Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. is a medicinal and edible plant with various benefits for humans and animals. In this work, four new phenolic constituents (1-4), along with six known phenolic compounds (5-10) were obtained from the red bulbs of E. bulbosa. Their structures with absolute configurations were characterized by extensive spectroscopic analysis, combined with HR-ESI-MS and quantum mechanical electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Compounds 1 and 2 are novel homologous and heterodimers, respectively, featuring an unusual spiro ring system. All isolated phenolic constituents were tested for their antibacterial effects. The results revealed four phenolic compounds 1-3 and 7 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 15.6 to 250.0 µg/mL.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Iridaceae , Animais , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Staphylococcus aureus , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenóis/farmacologia , Fenóis/química , Escherichia coliRESUMO
Five new iridal-type triterpenoid derivatives with 6/5/6 tricyclic ring skeleton (1-5) were obtained from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis. Their structures were determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic data and ECD calculation. Compounds 1-5 possessed the same 6/5/6-fused carbon skeleton as Belamchinenin A, which further enriched this kind of iridals. In vitro bioassay, compounds 2 and 3 exhibited 51.95 and 54.52% inhibitory activities, respectively, against Fe2+/cysteine-induced liver microsomal lipid peroxidation at a concentration of 10 µM. A putative biogenetic pathway for compounds 1-5 was proposed.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Iridaceae/química , Rizoma/química , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Bioensaio , Dicroísmo Circular , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Rotação Ocular , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Triterpenos/metabolismo , Triterpenos/toxicidadeRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The bulb of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. is an indigenous medicinal plant traditionally used among Dayak people for the management of diabetes, breast cancer, hypertension, stroke, and fertility problems in women. The bulb has been reported with a potent cytotoxic potential but with limited underlying mechanisms. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic properties of E. bulbosa ethanolic bulb extracted under optimised extraction condition on retinoblastoma cancer cells (WERI-Rb-1) through in vitro cell culture bioassays. The optimised extraction condition has been determined in the previous reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytotoxic assay was analysed through MTT assay. Comparison between non-optimised and optimised extraction condition from E. bulbosa ethanolic bulb extract was evaluated. Morphological assessment of apoptotic cells was conducted through acridine orange propidium iodide (AOPI) staining using fluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis assay was carried out through Annexin V-FITC and cell cycle analysis through PI staining. The effect of varying concentrations (IC25, IC50, IC75) of the optimised E. bulbosa ethanolic bulb extract was observed. The mRNA expression was also conducted to confirm the underlying mechanism. RESULTS: The optimised E. bulbosa ethanolic bulb extract markedly suppressed the proliferation of retinoblastoma cancer cells significantly with an IC50 value of 15.7 µg/mL as compared to non-optimised extract (p < 0.01). Fluorescence microscopy revealed that retinoblastoma cancer cells manifested early features of apoptosis-like membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies in a dose-dependent manner. The number of apoptotic cells were greatly observed in early and late apoptosis through Annexin V-FITC and the extract also induced cell arrestment as compared to the untreated group. The apoptosis was confirmed with the upregulation of Bax, Bad, p53, Caspase 3, Caspase 8, and Caspase 9 genes meanwhile, Bcl-2, BcL-xL, Nrf-2, and HO-1 genes were downregulated. CONCLUSION: The optimised E. bulbosa ethanolic bulb extract induced a significant cell death and cell cycle arrestment on retinoblastoma cancer cells. It could be suggested that the induction of apoptosis in retinoblastoma cancer cells may be due to the synergistic effect of the bioactive compounds extracted under optimised extraction condition. Our findings indicated that E. bulbosa bulb could be promising chemotherapeutic potential to treat retinoblastoma cancer cells.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Iridaceae/química , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Retinoblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
The aim of this study is to explore anti-inflammatory phytochemicals from B. chinensis based on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzyme, human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage. Three stereoisomers of iridal-type triterpenoids (1-3) were isolated from the roots of B. chinensis and their stereochemistries were completely identified by NOESY spectra. These compounds were confirmed as reversible noncompetitive inhibitors against HNE with IC50 values of 6.8-27.0 µM. The binding affinity experiment proved that iridal-type triterpenoids had only a single binding site to the HNE enzyme. Among them, isoiridogermanal (1) and iridobelamal A (2) displayed significant anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as iNOS, IL-1ß, and TNF-α through the NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. This is the first report that iridal-type triterpenoids are considered responsible phytochemicals for anti-inflammatory effects of B. chinensis.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Iridaceae/química , Elastase de Leucócito/antagonistas & inibidores , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Elastase de Leucócito/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Camundongos , Conformação Molecular , NF-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Células RAW 264.7 , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Natural product is an excellent candidate for alternative medicine for disease management. The bulb of E. bulbosa is one of the notable Iridaceae family with a variety therapeutic potential that is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia. The bulb has been used traditionally among the Dayak community as a folk medicine to treat several diseases like diabetes, breast cancer, nasal congestion, and fertility problems. The bulb is exceptionally rich in phytochemicals like phenolic and flavonoid derivatives, naphthalene, anthraquinone, and naphthoquinone. The electronic database was searched using various keywords, i.e., E. bulbosa, E. americana, E. palmifolia, E. platifolia, and others due to the interchangeably used scientific names of different countries. Scientific investigations revealed that various pharmacological activities were recorded from the bulb of E. bulbosa including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungi, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, dermatological problems, anti-oxidant, and anti-fertility. The potential application of the bulb in the food industry and in animal nutrition was also discussed to demonstrate its great versatility. This is a compact study and is the first study to review the extensive pharmacological activities of the E. bulbosa bulb and its potential applications. The development of innovative food and pharma products from the bulb of E. bulbosa is of great interest.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Iridaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , HumanosRESUMO
Belamcandaoids A-N (1-14), fourteen new triterpenoids were isolated from the seeds of Belamcanda chinensis. Their structures including absolute configurations were assigned by using spectroscopic, computational, and crystallographic methods. All the compounds except 1 and 2 are 3,4-seco-triterpenoids belonging to fernane type. Biological evaluation results indicated that 3 and 13 could reduce fibronectin and collagen I expression respectively in TGF-ß1 induced kidney proximal tubular cells.
Assuntos
Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Matriz Extracelular/efeitos dos fármacos , Iridaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/antagonistas & inibidores , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Teoria da Densidade Funcional , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Túbulos Renais Proximais/efeitos dos fármacos , Túbulos Renais Proximais/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Sementes/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
PREMISE: There is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented flowers of Trimezieae (Iridaceae) to investigate how changes in floral ontogeny may affect their interactions with pollinators through time. METHODS: We examined floral ontogeny in 11 species and documented pollination biology in five species displaying a wide range of floral morphologies. We coded and reconstructed ancestral states of flower types over the tribal phylogeny to estimate the frequency of transition between different floral types. RESULTS: All Trimezieae flowers are similar in early floral development, but ornamented flowers have additional ontogenetic steps compared with plain flowers, indicating heterochrony. Ornamented flowers have a hinge pollination mechanism (newly described here) and attract more pollinator guilds, while plain flowers offer less variety of resources for a shorter time. Although the ornamented condition is plesiomorphic in this clade, shifts to plain flowers have occurred frequently and abruptly during the past 5 million years, with some subsequent reversals. CONCLUSIONS: Heterochrony has resulted in labile morphological changes during flower evolution in Trimezieae. Counterintuitively, species with plain flowers, which are endemic to the campo rupestre, are derived within the tribe and show a higher specialization than the ornamented species, with the former being visited by pollen-collecting bees only.
Assuntos
Iridaceae , Polinização , Animais , Abelhas , Biologia , Flores , PólenRESUMO
In order to identify the species and biological characteristics of the pathogen of southern blight from three kinds of Chinese medicine of Iridaceae(Belamcanda chinensis, Iris tectorum and I. japonica) in Dabie Mountains, the isolation, identification, pathogenicity and biological characteristics of the pathogens were studied according to Koch's postulates. In addition, 9 chemical fungicides, 3 botanical fungicides and 5 microbial fungicides were used to evaluate their inhibition to the isolates in vitro. The results showed that all the strains(SG-Q, YW-Q, and HDH-Q) isolated and purified from the diseased plants of B. chinensis, I. tectorum and I. japonica, respectively, were identified as Sclerotium rolfsii through morphological observation and sequence aligement of 18 S rDNA, rDNA-ITS and TEF. Field observations showed that the intensity of the disease incidence of three Iridaceae plants was B. chinensis>I. japonica> I. tectorum, and the pathogenicity of the strains was SG-Q>YW-Q>HDH-Q. For biological characteristics, SG-Q strain was suitable for growth under the 12 h light/12 h dark cycle, with the optimal growth temperature of 30 â and pH of 5. Among the 9 tested chemical fungicides, 29% lime sulphure and 10% flusilazole had stronger inhibitory effect on mycelia growth of SG-Q. For 3 botanical fungicides, 1% osthol, 20% eugenol and 0.5% berberine could effectively inhibt the mycelial growth of SG-Q and cause the morphological variation of the pathogen. For 5 microbial fungicides, Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis had better inhibition on the mycelium growth of SG-Q.
Assuntos
Basidiomycota , Iridaceae , Medicina , HypocrealesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. extract (EPE) containing isoliquiritigenin and oxyresveratrol is believed to be an anticancer agent. This study evaluates colon histopathology, TNF-α, TGF-ß, and hepatotoxicity on BALB/c mice colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) model treated with EPE. METHODS: In vivo study was performed on BALB/c mice CAC model induced by 10 mg/kgBW AOM on the first day followed by administration that each cycle consisted of 5% DSS in water for seven days and regular water for seven days. The indicators of the formation of CAC were observed by a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and serum amyloid α (SAA) test. The treatment was conducted once a week started from the seventh week up to the twentieth week with six treatment groups: I was administrated by regular water only (negative control), II was administrated by AOM and DSS only (positive control), III was administrated by doxorubicin, IV-VI were treated by EPE (0.25 mg/kg BW, 0.50 mg/kg BW, and 1.00 mg/kg BW) respectively. The colon and liver's histopathology was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, TNF-α with immunohistochemistry (IHC), and level measurement of TGF-ß colon with ELISA reader. The data were used one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc as statistical analysis. RESULTS: The administration of EPE increased the expression of TNF-α, the total of goblet cells of the colon, and decreased the level of TGF-ß. Administration of EPE 0.50 mg/20g BW decreased a liver histopathological score but induced a histopathological alteration of the liver at a dose of 1.00 mg/20g BW. CONCLUSION: This study indicate that EPE could be recommended as a colon anticancer through increase the goblet cells, induce apoptosis through increase TNF-α, and decrease TGF-ß.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Associadas a Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colite/complicações , Iridaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Associadas a Colite/etiologia , Neoplasias Associadas a Colite/patologia , Sulfato de Dextrana/toxicidade , Feminino , Células Caliciformes/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Testes de Toxicidade , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Two naphthoquinone-derived heterodimers with unprecedented carbon skeletons, eleucanainones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the bulbs of Eleutherine americana. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined to be the first examples of dibenzofuran- and naphthalenone-containing naphthoquinone dimers. Compound 1 exhibited significant anti-MRSA activity in vitro with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.78 µg/mL by downregulation of basal expression of agrA, cidA, icaA and sarA in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).
Assuntos
Dicetopiperazinas/química , Dicetopiperazinas/farmacologia , Iridaceae/química , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Dicetopiperazinas/isolamento & purificação , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/metabolismo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaRESUMO
This study investigated the influence of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. on the immune responses, bacterial population in the intestines, and resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, against infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Shrimp were fed with three dosages of powder, at 6.25 g kg-1 (P6.25), 12.5 g kg-1 (P12.5), and 25 g kg-1 (P25). One dosage of the crude extract was provided, 1.25 g kg-1 (E1.25), and the controls without administration of E. bulbosa consisted of a positive control (PC) and a negative control (NC). Feed supplementation was carried out for 30 days; then shrimp from all treatments were challenged by intramuscular injection with V. parahaemolyticus (106 cfu/mL), except for the NC. The results showed that supplementation with the powder and extract of E. bulbosa for 30 days resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.05) immune responses (total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase activity (PO), respiratory bursts (RBs)), gene expression (prophenoloxidase (proPO), lipopolysaccharide- and ß-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP)), and total bacterial count (TBC) compared to PC/NC. In post challenge testing, there were significantly higher levels for THC, PO, RBs, proPO, LGBP, and PE (peroxinetin), and the treatments were able to suppress V. parahaemolyticus in the intestines, hepatopancreas, and muscles and to reduce damage to the muscles and hepatopancreas. The survival rate with P12.5 was significantly higher compared to the other treatments. It was concluded that the shrimp receiving supplementation with the powder and extract of E. bulbosa had increased immunity and resistance against V. parahaemolyticus infection, with the best dosage being the P12.5 treatment.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Imunidade Inata/genética , Iridaceae/química , Penaeidae/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/fisiologia , Animais , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Penaeidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Penaeidae/microbiologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Pós/química , Pós/farmacologiaRESUMO
Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora (montbretia) flowers yielded four esters (montbresides A-D) of a new sucrose-based tetrasaccharide, 3-O-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-4´-O-α-d-rhamnopyranosyl-sucrose [ß-d-Glc-(1â¯ââ¯3)-α-d-Glc-(1â2)-ß-d-Fru-(4â¯ââ¯1)-α-d-Rha]. All four possess O-p-coumaroyl residues on C-3 of fructose and C-4 of α-glucose, plus O-acetyl residues on C-2 and C-3 of rhamnose and C-6 of fructose. Montbresides A and B are additionally O-acetylated on C-1 of fructose. The p-coumaroyls are trans- in montbresides A and C and cis- in B and D. Elemental compositions were determined from MS data, and structures from 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Monosaccharide residues were identified from selective 1D TOCSY spectra and TLC, and acylation sites from 2D HMBC spectra. Enantiomers were distinguished by enzymic digestion. Montbretia flower extracts were cytotoxic against six human cancerous cell-lines, but purified montbresides lacked cytotoxicity. Each montbreside displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (minimal inhibitory concentration ~6⯵g/ml). Montbretia is a potential source of new cytotoxins and antibacterial agents.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Ésteres/farmacologia , Flores/química , Iridaceae/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ésteres/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , EscóciaRESUMO
Moraea pallida Bak. (yellow tulp) poisoning is the most important plant cardiac glycoside toxicosis in South Africa. The toxic principle, a bufadienolide, is 1α, 2α-epoxyscillirosidine. The aim was to investigate the potential to develop a vaccine against epoxyscillirosidine. Epoxyscillirosidine, proscillaridin and bufalin, were successfully conjugated to hen ovalbumin (OVA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). There was a low immune response following vaccination of adult male New Zealand White rabbits with epoxyscillirosidine-OVA (nâ¯=â¯3) and OVA (nâ¯=â¯3) using Freund's adjuvant in Trial (T) 1. The immune response improved significantly in T2 following doubling of the dose to 0.8â¯mg/rabbit and changing the adjuvant to Montanide. In T3, the rabbits (nâ¯=â¯15), allocated into 5 equal groups, vaccinated with proscillaridin-BSA, bufalin-BSA, epoxyscillirosidine-KLH, epoxyscillirosidine-BSA and BSA respectively, using Montanide adjuvant, developed antibodies against the administered immunogens, with epoxyscillirosidine-KLH inducing the highest immune response. Proscillaridin and bufalin antibodies cross-reacted with epoxyscillirosidine in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The conjugation methodology will be adjusted in the future to target optimal conjugation efficiency. Additional vaccination will be conducted in search of neutralizing antibodies against the yellow tulp toxin. The cross-reactivity of proscillaridin and bufalin antibodies with epoxyscillirosidine could be studied in future to explore the potential to prevent yellow tulp poisoning.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Colenos/imunologia , Iridaceae/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Colenos/administração & dosagem , Colenos/intoxicação , Reações Cruzadas , Adjuvante de Freund/administração & dosagem , Adjuvante de Freund/imunologia , Hemocianinas/administração & dosagem , Hemocianinas/imunologia , Iridaceae/intoxicação , Masculino , Manitol/administração & dosagem , Manitol/análogos & derivados , Manitol/imunologia , Ácidos Oleicos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Oleicos/imunologia , Ovalbumina/administração & dosagem , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/intoxicação , Intoxicação/imunologia , Intoxicação/prevenção & controle , Coelhos , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Extraction and electrophoretic analysis of viral dsRNA from plants has been used successfully to detect infections by RNA viruses. We used this approach as an initial tool to test non-cultivated plant species for the presence of endornaviruses. Foliar samples were collected from symptomless plants in various locations within East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, USA, and tested for viral dsRNA. After testing 208 plant species belonging to 74 families, five (Geranium carolinianum, Hydrocotyle umbellata, H. prolifera, Sorghum halepense, and Sisyrinchium atlanticum) yielded dsRNAs similar in size to the dsRNAs of members of the family Endornaviridae. The endornavirus nature of the dsRNAs was confirmed by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and sequencing the RT-PCR products. Sequence data were used to determine relationships of the putative endornaviruses to members of the family Endornaviridae. The putative endornaviruses were detected in both native and introduced plants species. This is the first survey on the occurrence of endornaviruses in non-cultivated plant species.
Assuntos
Vírus de Plantas/classificação , Vírus de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Vírus de RNA/classificação , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , RNA de Cadeia Dupla/genética , RNA Viral/genética , Centella/virologia , Genoma Viral/genética , Geranium/virologia , Iridaceae/virologia , Louisiana , Vírus de Plantas/genética , Vírus de RNA/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sorghum/virologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to determine the survival and antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum TISTR1465 encapsulated with Eleutherine americana oligosaccharide extract. Capsules were stored at 4 °C for 0, 2, and 4 weeks. The encapsulated cells were evaluated for their survival after sequential exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, then evaluated in terms of their antibacterial activity. Survival of the encapsulated cells was higher than that of free cells at weeks 2 and 4. Highest levels of viable cells were observed with encapsulation in E. americana oligosaccharide extract. No surviving free cells were found in week 4. Yoghurt prepared with encapsulated cells showed less acidification than with free cells. Antibacterial activity of L. plantarum TISTR1465 before pH neutralisation against Clostridium perfringens ATCC13124, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC13311 was higher than after pH neutralisation. Encapsulation by extrusion enhanced antibacterial activity of the cells against enteropathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial activity of encapsulated cells against Gram-positive bacteria was higher than that against Gram-negative bacteria. Results indicates that L. plantarum TISTR1465 encapsulated with E. americana oligosaccharide extract showed potential for application as a functional food additive.
Assuntos
Aditivos Alimentares/química , Microbiologia de Alimentos/métodos , Iridaceae/química , Lactobacillus plantarum/química , Oligossacarídeos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Probióticos/química , Iogurte/análise , Lactobacillus plantarum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Viabilidade Microbiana , Iogurte/microbiologiaRESUMO
Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. The infection may be associated with severe complications, including infertility, preterm labour, cancer and an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Treatment remains almost exclusively based on 5-nitroimidazoles, but resistance is on the rise. This article provides an overview of clinically evaluated systemic and topical treatment options for human trichomoniasis and summarises the current state of knowledge on various herbal, semisynthetic and synthetic compounds evaluated for their anti-Trichomonas efficacy in vitro.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Resistência a Medicamentos/genética , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/tratamento farmacológico , Vaginite por Trichomonas/tratamento farmacológico , Trichomonas vaginalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Trichomonas vaginalis/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Iridaceae/química , Lamiaceae/química , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Nifuratel/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/parasitologiaRESUMO
Landfill leachates contain a variety of toxic compounds, which makes them one of the most difficult types of wastewater to be treated. An alternative "green" technology for leachate treatment is the use of constructed wetlands (CWs). The aims of this study were to select macrophytes and substrates to be used in vertical flow wetlands (VFWs) and to evaluate the performance of hybrid systems composed by a VFW and a horizontal subsurface flow (HSSW) or a free water surface flow (FWSW) wetlands for the treatment of a high ammonium concentration landfill leachate. In microcosms scale experiments, Typha domingensis, Scirpus californicus, and Iris pseudacorus were studied to assess their tolerance to raw and diluted leachate. Substrate selection for VFWs was evaluated using different layers of light expanded clay aggregate (LECA), coarse sand, fine sand, and gravel. Contaminant removals were higher in planted than in unplanted wetlands. Plants did not tolerate the raw effluent but showed a positive effect on plant growth when exposed to the diluted leachate. T. domingensis and I. pseudacorus showed higher contaminant removal ability and tolerance to landfill leachate than S. californicus. VFW with LECA + coarse sand showed the best performance in removal efficiencies. Hybrid system composed by VFW-FWSW planted with T. domingensis presented the best performance for the treatment of landfill leachate with high concentrations of ammonium.
Assuntos
Compostos de Amônio/análise , Águas Residuárias/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Purificação da Água/métodos , Áreas Alagadas , Cyperaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Iridaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Typhaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Bio-guided fractionation of the 70% ethanol extract of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. revealed four new compounds, including 6â³-O-acetylembinin (5), 3â³-O-acetylembinin (6), irigenin 3'-O-ß-glucopyranoside (8), and 2'-acetyl-1,3-O-diferuloylsucrose (9), along with five known compounds (1-4, 7). Their chemical structures were determined using extensive NMR data, mass spectroscopy, and comparison with published literature. Among the isolates, compounds 1 and 4-7 achieved good regulation of the growth and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Assuntos
Iridaceae/química , Isoflavonas/farmacologia , Músculo Liso Vascular/citologia , Músculo Liso Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Isoflavonas/química , Isoflavonas/isolamento & purificação , Estrutura Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Seven new naphthoquinone derivatives, named eleutherins A-G (1-7), were isolated from the edible bulbs of Eleutherine americana (Hong-Cong), which belongs to the Iridaceae family. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including high-resolution-electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-4 were determined by experimental and calculated data. Additionally, a hypothetical biosynthetic pathway of 1-7 was postulated. All the isolates were evaluated for their protective effect against the injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Eleutherins A and B (1-2) showed a potential protective effect on microvessels.
Assuntos
Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/efeitos dos fármacos , Iridaceae/química , Naftoquinonas/química , Células Cultivadas , China , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Naftoquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Raízes de Plantas/química , Substâncias Protetoras/química , Substâncias Protetoras/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The extract of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) leaves (BCLE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of hyperglycemia in Hainan province, South China. In this study, the effects of BCLE on obese diabetes were investigated using the KK-Ay mice. The component F2 of BCLE alleviate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, as indicated by decreased levels of FBG, AUC, GSP, LDH and insulin. High levels of hepatic G6Pase and PEPCK in KK-Ay mice were markedly attenuated by F2. The inhibitory effect of F2 on GSK-3ß and the enhancement effect on liver glycogen demonstrated that F2 could significantly inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogen accumulation. The higher PPAR γ showed F2 may prevent insulin resistance by PI3K signal transduction pathway. In addition, the component F1 of BCLE prevented cell degeneration and reduced pathological tissue injury in pancreas tissue. These findings suggest that F2 exhibited high hypoglycemic activities and could be explored as possible therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus.