RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) is a common disorder associated with significant impairment in quality of life. This clinical practice guideline, jointly developed by the American Gastroenterological Association and the American College of Gastroenterology, aims to inform clinicians and patients by providing evidence-based practice recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of CIC in adults. METHODS: The American Gastroenterological Association and the American College of Gastroenterology formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel that conducted systematic reviews of the following agents: fiber, osmotic laxatives (polyethylene glycol, magnesium oxide, lactulose), stimulant laxatives (bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate, senna), secretagogues (lubiprostone, linaclotide, plecanatide), and serotonin type 4 agonist (prucalopride). The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework to assess the certainty of evidence for each intervention. The Evidence to Decision framework was used to develop clinical recommendations based on the balance between the desirable and undesirable effects, patient values, costs, and health equity considerations. RESULTS: The panel agreed on 10 recommendations for the pharmacological management of CIC in adults. Based on available evidence, the panel made strong recommendations for the use of polyethylene glycol, sodium picosulfate, linaclotide, plecanatide, and prucalopride for CIC in adults. Conditional recommendations were made for the use of fiber, lactulose, senna, magnesium oxide, and lubiprostone. DISCUSSION: This document provides a comprehensive outline of the various over-the-counter and prescription pharmacological agents available for the treatment of CIC. The guidelines are meant to provide a framework for approaching the management of CIC; clinical providers should engage in shared decision making based on patient preferences as well as medication cost and availability. Limitations and gaps in the evidence are highlighted to help guide future research opportunities and enhance the care of patients with chronic constipation.
Assuntos
Gastroenterologia , Laxantes , Adulto , Humanos , Laxantes/uso terapêutico , Lubiprostona/uso terapêutico , Lactulose/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Óxido de Magnésio/uso terapêutico , Constipação Intestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Polietilenoglicóis/uso terapêutico , Senosídeos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) is a common disorder associated with significant impairment in quality of life. This clinical practice guideline, jointly developed by the American Gastroenterological Association and the American College of Gastroenterology, aims to inform clinicians and patients by providing evidence-based practice recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of CIC in adults. METHODS: The American Gastroenterological Association and the American College of Gastroenterology formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel that conducted systematic reviews of the following agents: fiber, osmotic laxatives (polyethylene glycol, magnesium oxide, lactulose), stimulant laxatives (bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate, senna), secretagogues (lubiprostone, linaclotide, plecanatide), and serotonin type 4 agonist (prucalopride). The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework to assess the certainty of evidence for each intervention. The Evidence to Decision framework was used to develop clinical recommendations based on the balance between the desirable and undesirable effects, patient values, costs, and health equity considerations. RESULTS: The panel agreed on 10 recommendations for the pharmacological management of CIC in adults. Based on available evidence, the panel made strong recommendations for the use of polyethylene glycol, sodium picosulfate, linaclotide, plecanatide, and prucalopride for CIC in adults. Conditional recommendations were made for the use of fiber, lactulose, senna, magnesium oxide, and lubiprostone. DISCUSSION: This document provides a comprehensive outline of the various over-the-counter and prescription pharmacological agents available for the treatment of CIC. The guidelines are meant to provide a framework for approaching the management of CIC; clinical providers should engage in shared decision making based on patient preferences as well as medication cost and availability. Limitations and gaps in the evidence are highlighted to help guide future research opportunities and enhance the care of patients with chronic constipation.
Assuntos
Gastroenterologia , Laxantes , Adulto , Humanos , Laxantes/uso terapêutico , Lubiprostona/uso terapêutico , Lactulose/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Óxido de Magnésio/uso terapêutico , Constipação Intestinal/diagnóstico , Constipação Intestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Constipação Intestinal/induzido quimicamente , Polietilenoglicóis/uso terapêutico , Senosídeos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Patients receiving vinca alkaloids for hematological malignancies frequently experience constipation that is unresponsive to laxatives. Research on treatment of vinca alkaloid-induced constipation is limited. This study aimed to determine whether the chloride channel activator lubiprostone ameliorates vinca alkaloid-induced constipation in patients with hematological malignancies. In this retrospective cohort study, vinca alkaloid-induced constipation (grade ≥ 3 using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) was investigated in patients treated for hematological malignancies between July 2014 and June 2019 who had already been prescribed osmotic laxatives and additionally received either a stimulant laxative or lubiprostone. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for persistent constipation after introduction of the second laxative. A propensity score model was used to match 67 patients taking a stimulant laxative and 67 treated with lubiprostone, and the occurrence of intractable constipation was compared between groups. Overall, 203 patients were included, among whom 50 (25%) had constipation. On multivariate analysis, body mass index, opioid use, and addition of lubiprostone were independently associated with constipation. Patients treated with lubiprostone were significantly less likely to experience intractable constipation than did those treated with stimulant laxatives (10% vs. 34%, P = 0.002). Moreover, post-constipation diarrhea was significantly less frequent among patients treated with lubiprostone (42% vs. 63%, P = 0.024). Lubiprostone was more effective than stimulant laxatives at treating vinca alkaloid-induced intractable constipation in patients with hematological malignancies, and its use could enable safe vinca alkaloid chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/efeitos adversos , Agonistas dos Canais de Cloreto/uso terapêutico , Constipação Intestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Lubiprostona/uso terapêutico , Linfoma/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamento farmacológico , Alcaloides de Vinca/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Constipação Intestinal/induzido quimicamente , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Famotidina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Laxantes/farmacologia , Laxantes/uso terapêutico , Óxido de Magnésio/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Entorpecentes/efeitos adversos , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Pontuação de Propensão , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Senosídeos/uso terapêutico , Alcaloides de Vinca/administração & dosagem , Vincristina/administração & dosagemAssuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Constipação Intestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/terapia , Satisfação do Paciente , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Diarreia/etiologia , Dieta , Fibras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácido Dioctil Sulfossuccínico/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/complicações , Laxantes/uso terapêutico , Lubiprostona/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Parassimpatolíticos/uso terapêutico , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Rifaximina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Daiokanzoto (DKT) and lubiprostone (LPS) are drugs used for constipation, but few studies have compared them. This study examined the effectiveness, adverse events, and medical economic efficiency of DKT and LPS for constipation. Patients who received DKT (DKT group) and those who received LPS (LPS group) during admission to Ogaki Municipal Hospital between November 2012 and May 2016 were enrolled. Drug efficacy was evaluated based on the median value of bowel movement frequency over 1 week before and after drug administration, and their safety was evaluated by the presence or absence of diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. To assess medical economic efficiency, drug costs for constipation per week were calculated. The median values (quartile ranges) of bowel movement frequency at 1 week after drug administration were 8.5 (6.0-12.0) in the DKT group and 5 (3.0-7.0) in the LPS group, which was significantly different (p < 0.01). Diarrhea occurred significantly less often in the DKT group (4 cases) than in the LPS group (17 cases) (p < 0.01). The median cost of drugs administered for constipation for 1 week was significantly lower in the DKT group (631 [quartile range, 513-653] yen) than in the LPS group (1431 [1135-2344] yen) (p < 0.01). DKT had a higher immediate effect on constipation and was associated with more frequent bowel movement and fewer adverse events of diarrhea than LPS, suggesting that it may be effective and safe for treating constipation, and DKT is inexpensive.
Assuntos
Constipação Intestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Laxantes/uso terapêutico , Lubiprostona/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Constipação Intestinal/economia , Custos de Medicamentos , Feminino , Glycyrrhiza uralensis , Humanos , Laxantes/economia , Lubiprostona/economia , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/economia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rhus , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Recent developments in the evaluation and treatment of childhood constipation are likely to influence the way we deal with pediatric defecation disorders in the near future. Innovations in both colonic and anorectal manometry are leading to novel insights into functional defecation disorders in children. Promising results have been achieved with innovative therapies such as electrical stimulation and new drugs with targets that differ from conventional pharmacological treatments. Also, new surgical approaches, guided by manometric findings, have led to improvement in patient outcome. Finally, utilization of non-pharmacological interventions such as fiber and probiotics has been a field of particular interest in recent years. The aim of this article is to provide an update on these and other novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools related to childhood constipation.