RESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of adenoviral conjunctivitis in Turkish ophthalmologists, to provide an overview of the treatment and prophylaxis of adenoviral conjunctivitis, and to analyze the data in the context of evidence-based treatment recommendations. METHODS: An online questionnaire consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions about the characteristics of the respondents, the individual adenoviral conjunctivitis history of the ophthalmologists, their practice's approaches, and prescription preferences were emailed to Turkish ophthalmologists. RESULTS: The survey was emailed to 500 ophthalmologists; 45% of them returned the questionnaire. According to the responses, the history of adenoviral conjunctivitis infections was positive in 46.7% (n: 120), recurrent attack prevalence was 16.2% in ophthalmologists. Lubricants (67.6%) are the most preferred first-line treatment options for adenoviral conjunctivitis, followed by povidone-iodine (59.6%), topical antibiotics (51.1%), topical antivirals (29.3%), topical corticosteroids (26.7%), and topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (19.6%). A total of 98.2% preferred to dismiss infected patients. The preferred prophylaxis options were frequent hand washing/use of gloves (97.8%), disinfection of medical devices (95.1%), isolation of infected patients (79.1%), hand hygiene with gemicides (58.7%). The percentage of single-dose eye drop selection was 46.2. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this survey showed that most Turkish ophthalmologists generally follow international guidelines for the treatment of adenoviral conjunctivitis. The treatment algorithm is still controversial, so ophthalmologists should be aware of treatment guideline updates in line with evidence-based recommendations. Having sufficient knowledge of the basic characteristics of viruses is important to control the spread of the disease.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Conjuntivite Viral , Conjuntivite , Oftalmologistas , Infecções por Adenoviridae/tratamento farmacológico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Conjuntivite/tratamento farmacológico , Conjuntivite Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Conjuntivite Viral/epidemiologia , Conjuntivite Viral/prevenção & controle , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Soluções Oftálmicas/uso terapêutico , Povidona-Iodo/uso terapêutico , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Side-effects of adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) are common in breast cancer survivors, and can affect adherence to treatment. We synthesised the evidence for strategies to self-manage these side-effects. METHODS: We searched for systematic reviews and clinical guidelines on self-management strategies for AET side-effects (arthralgia, fatigue, hot flashes, gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vulvovaginal symptoms, and sleep disturbance). We searched oncology organisation's websites and eight databases (Inception-November 2020). Screening, data extraction and quality assessment were completed independently in duplicate. PROSPERO: 2019CRD4201914001. RESULTS: We identified 33 systematic reviews and 18 clinical guidelines. 21% of reviews were high quality, and the average quality score for guidelines was 44%. Evidence for most strategies was absent or weak. There was consensus from a low-quality review and multiple guidelines to recommend moisturisers, gels and lubricants for vulvovaginal symptoms. Evidence was weak for physical activity for self-managing most symptoms, although two high-quality reviews indicated yoga and aerobic exercise could reduce fatigue. Primary research was often biased by weak and underpowered study designs. Eleven reviews did not report information on adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Most self-management strategies for breast cancer survivors experiencing side-effects from AET lack evidence. Primary research is needed using high-quality well-powered designs focusing on implementable strategies. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Patients and clinicians should be aware that although the risk of harm is low for these self-management strategies, the likelihood of benefit is often unclear. Women should consider moisturisers, gels or lubricants for self-managing vulvovaginal symptoms, and yoga or aerobic exercise for alleviating fatigue.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Sobreviventes de Câncer , Autogestão , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , beta-Aminoetil Isotioureia/uso terapêutico , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Fadiga/induzido quimicamente , Fadiga/terapia , Lubrificantes/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Desidroepiandrosterona/uso terapêutico , Estrogênios/uso terapêutico , Doenças Urogenitais Femininas/tratamento farmacológico , Menopausa , Tamoxifeno/análogos & derivados , Administração Intravaginal , Atrofia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Tamoxifeno/uso terapêutico , Vagina/patologia , Vulva/patologiaRESUMO
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease resulting from joint inflammation and damage. In this study, we employed a boundary lubricant known as a 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) liposome for loading of an anti-inflammatory drug d-glucosamine sulphate (GAS) to construct a treatment strategy allowing for sustained anti-inflammation and reduced damage. This kind of drug-loaded nanocarrier integrates the anti-inflammatory effect of the GAS and the lubrication ability of DSPC liposomes without the involvement of complex synthesis processes leading to easier popularization. Our experimental results indicated that the GAS-loaded DSPC liposomes could release GAS in a sustained manner while providing good lubrication in pure water (H2O) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Moreover, the GAS-loaded DSPC liposomes prepared at a 2 : 8 molar ratio in PBS exhibited a greater entrapment efficiency, lower GAS release rate and smaller friction coefficient as compared to those prepared in H2O. The superiority of the drug release and lubrication ability achieved with the GAS-loaded DSPC liposomes in PBS were elucidated on the basis of salt-induced enhancement in liposomal stability and hydration lubrication by the hydrated salt ions. Such GAS release accelerated the viability and proliferation of primary mouse chondrocytes while also providing the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective potential for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) induced chondrocyte degeneration through the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pain related gene and catabolic proteases, as well as the up-regulation of anabolic components. We envision that the GAS-loaded DSPC liposomes could represent a promising new strategy for clinical treatment of OA in the future.
Assuntos
Glucosamina/administração & dosagem , Glucosamina/uso terapêutico , Lipossomos/química , Lubrificantes/administração & dosagem , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Osteoartrite/tratamento farmacológico , Fosforilcolina/química , Animais , Condrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucosamina/farmacologia , Lubrificantes/farmacologia , Camundongos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Água/químicaRESUMO
For women at elevated risk of thrombosis, clinicians are challenged to relieve menopausal symptoms without increasing the risk of thrombosis. Oral menopausal hormone therapy increases the risk of venous thromboembolism by 2-fold to 3-fold. Observational studies suggest less thrombotic risk with transdermal therapies and with progesterone over synthetic progestogens (progestins), but the data are limited. Beneficial nonpharmacologic therapies include cognitive behavioral therapy and clinical hypnosis, whereas beneficial nonhormonal pharmacologic therapies include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For treatment of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause, vaginal lubricants and moisturizers, low-dose vaginal estrogen, and intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone are options.
Assuntos
Fogachos/prevenção & controle , Menopausa/fisiologia , Trombose/prevenção & controle , Doenças Vaginais/terapia , Doenças da Vulva/terapia , Administração Intravaginal , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 2/uso terapêutico , Atrofia/fisiopatologia , Atrofia/terapia , Dispareunia/fisiopatologia , Dispareunia/terapia , Estrogênios/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal/efeitos adversos , Fogachos/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Terapia a Laser , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Prurido/fisiopatologia , Prurido/terapia , Risco , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Sudorese/fisiologia , Trombose/etiologia , Doenças Vaginais/fisiopatologia , Doenças da Vulva/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Issues of sexuality, intimacy, and early menopause significantly impact the quality of life of patients following the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. These are undertreated problems. Successful treatment requires the provider's awareness of the problem, ability to identify it, and willingness to treat it. Unfortunately many providers do not address these issues in the pretreatment or perioperative period. Furthermore, patients do not often alert their providers to their symptoms. While systemic hormone therapy may improve many of the issues, they are not appropriate for all patients given their action on estrogen receptors. However, other nonhormonal treatments exist including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antiepileptics, natural remedies, and pelvic floor physical therapy. In addition psychological care and the involvement of the partner can be helpful in managing the sexual health concerns of these patients. At the time of diagnosis or at initial consultation, women should be informed of the potential physiologic, hormonal, and psychosocial effects of ovarian cancer on sexuality and that there is a multimodal approach to dealing with symptoms.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ovarianas/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas , Sexualidade , Administração Tópica , Anabolizantes/uso terapêutico , Imagem Corporal , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Depressão/fisiopatologia , Depressão/psicologia , Antagonistas de Estrogênios/uso terapêutico , Estrogênios/administração & dosagem , Fadiga/fisiopatologia , Fadiga/psicologia , Feminino , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Humanos , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Menopausa Precoce/fisiologia , Menopausa Precoce/psicologia , Norpregnenos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/terapia , Distúrbios do Assoalho Pélvico/reabilitação , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Fitoterapia , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/terapia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/terapia , Tamoxifeno/análogos & derivados , Tamoxifeno/uso terapêutico , Testosterona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause, a new term for a condition more renowned as atrophic vaginitis, is a hypoestrogenic condition with external genital, urological, and sexual implications that affects >50% of postmenopausal women. Due to sexual embarrassment and the sensitive nature of discussing symptoms, genitourinary syndrome of menopause is greatly underdiagnosed. The most up-to-date literature pertaining to clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, etiology, evaluation, and management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause is comprehensively reviewed. Early detection and individually tailored pharmacologic (eg, estrogen therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulator, synthetic steroid, oxytocin, and dehydroepiandrosterone) and/or nonpharmacologic (eg, laser therapies, moisturizers and lubricants, homeopathic remedies, and lifestyle modifications) treatment is paramount for not only improving quality of life but also for preventing exacerbation of symptoms in women with this condition.
Assuntos
Vaginite Atrófica/fisiopatologia , Dispareunia/fisiopatologia , Menopausa , Incontinência Urinária/fisiopatologia , Doenças da Vulva/fisiopatologia , Vaginite Atrófica/diagnóstico , Vaginite Atrófica/metabolismo , Vaginite Atrófica/terapia , Desidroepiandrosterona/uso terapêutico , Dispareunia/diagnóstico , Dispareunia/metabolismo , Dispareunia/terapia , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Ocitócicos/uso terapêutico , Ocitocina/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Moduladores Seletivos de Receptor Estrogênico/uso terapêutico , Síndrome , Incontinência Urinária/diagnóstico , Incontinência Urinária/metabolismo , Incontinência Urinária/terapia , Doenças da Vulva/diagnóstico , Doenças da Vulva/metabolismo , Doenças da Vulva/terapiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: This multicenter, randomized, parallel group study analyzed the effectiveness of an experimental oral gel, a commercially available oral rinse and a commercially available mouth spray versus water alone at relieving self-reported symptoms of dry mouth over a 28-day home use treatment period. The effects of the study treatments on dry mouth-related quality of life (QoL) were also investigated. METHODS: Eligible subjects were stratified by dry mouth severity (mild, moderate or severe) and randomized to receive one of the study treatments. Prior to first use they completed a questionnaire designed to assess their baseline dry mouth-related QoL. Following first use and on Day 8 (2 hours post-treatment only) and Day 29, subjects completed the modified Product Performance and Attributes Questionnaire (PPAQ) I at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours post-treatment. Subjects further assessed treatment performance using the PPAQ II questionnaire on Days 8 and 29 and the dry mouth-related QoL questionnaire on Day 29. RESULTS: In 396 randomized subjects almost all comparisons of responses to PPAQ I, including those for the primary endpoint (response to PPAQ I Question 1 'Relieving the discomfort of dry mouth' after 2 hours on Day 29), were statistically significant in favor of active treatment groups versus water (P < 0.05). All comparisons of responses to PPAQ II on Days 8 and 29 were statistically significant in favor of active treatments versus water (P < 0.05). Moreover, nearly all comparisons for dry mouth-related QoL scores on Day 29 were statistically significant in favor of the active treatments versus water. All the dry mouth management strategies in this trial were well tolerated.
Assuntos
Glucose Oxidase/uso terapêutico , Lactoperoxidase/uso terapêutico , Muramidase/uso terapêutico , Xerostomia/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Aerossóis , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Géis , Glucose Oxidase/administração & dosagem , Glucose Oxidase/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Lactoperoxidase/administração & dosagem , Lactoperoxidase/efeitos adversos , Lubrificantes/administração & dosagem , Lubrificantes/efeitos adversos , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antissépticos Bucais/uso terapêutico , Muramidase/administração & dosagem , Muramidase/efeitos adversos , Qualidade de Vida , Autoimagem , Autorrelato , Resultado do Tratamento , Água , Xerostomia/classificação , Xerostomia/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical impact of using SYSTANE BALANCE Lubricant Eye Drops (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX), an oil-in-water emulsion, as a rewetting eye drop in symptomatic contact lens wearers. METHODS: Subjects who had previously experienced contact lens discomfort (CLD), with a mean lens wearing history of 18.6±12.8 years, were randomly assigned to use a Test (SYSTANE BALANCE Lubricant Eye Drops; n=76) or control (habitual nonlipid contact lens rewetting eye drop; n=30) drop over their contact lenses within 5 min of lens insertion and then subsequently at 2 hr intervals up to a maximum of 4 drops per eye daily for a 1-month period. Assessments of subjective comfort, comfortable wearing time, lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE), and corneal staining were conducted at baseline and after 1 month, after 6 hr of lens wear. RESULTS: Comfort, wearing time, LWE, and corneal staining all showed statistically significant improvements in the test group using SYSTANE BALANCE Lubricant Eye Drops at the 1-month visit compared with baseline data (all P<0.01) and compared with the control group at the 1-month visit (P<0.01, P=0.01, P<0.01, and P=0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The use of SYSTANE BALANCE Lubricant Eye Drops as a rewetting drop in a group of wearers who experienced symptoms of CLD improved subjective comfort scores, increased comfortable wearing time, and reduced signs of LWE and corneal staining, when compared with the use of non-lipid-containing contact lens rewetting eye drops.
Assuntos
Lentes de Contato/efeitos adversos , Síndromes do Olho Seco/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Ocular/tratamento farmacológico , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Soluções Oftálmicas/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Síndromes do Olho Seco/etiologia , Emulsões/química , Dor Ocular/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lubrificantes/química , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Soluções Oftálmicas/química , Satisfação do Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Although oral health care has a preventive effect against ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), the most effective method of oral health care in this respect remains to be established. The objective of this single-center, randomized, controlled trial was to investigate the relationship between VAP and various methods of oral health care. All patients included in the study (n=142) were on mechanical ventilation with oral intubation at the intensive care unit of the Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital. They were divided into two groups, one receiving standard oral health care (Standard group), and the other receiving oral health care using an oral moisture gel instead of water (Gel group). After removal of the intubation tube, biofilm on cuff of the tube was stained with a disclosing agent to determine the contamination level. Factors investigated included sex, age, number of remaining teeth, intubation time, fever ≥38.5°C, VAP, cuff contamination level, and time required for one oral health care session. No VAP occurred in either group during the study period. The level of cuff contamination was significantly lower in the Gel group than the Standard group, and the time required for one session of oral health care was shorter (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed use of the oral moisture gel as a factor affecting cuff contamination level. Use of an oral moisture gel decreased invasion of the pharynx by bacteria and contaminants together with biofilm formation on the intubation tube cuff. These results suggest that oral health care using an oral moisture gel is effective in preventing cuff contamination.
Assuntos
Glicerol/uso terapêutico , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Mucosa Bucal/efeitos dos fármacos , Higiene Bucal/métodos , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/uso terapêutico , Biofilmes , Corantes , Cuidados Críticos , Contaminação de Equipamentos , Feminino , Febre/classificação , Géis , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fotografação/métodos , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/microbiologia , Povidona-Iodo/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , ÁguaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Almost half of breast cancer survivors experience chronic sexual problems. Despite the negative effects of dyspareunia on physical and overall quality of life, sexual dysfunction remains underreported and undertreated in clinical practice. This is likely due to the paucity of evidence-based interventions to improve sexual functioning. AIM: The study aims to prospectively evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of a novel intervention (Olive Oil, Vaginal Exercise, and MoisturizeR [OVERcome]) to improve sexual problems following breast cancer treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dyspareunia, sexual functioning, quality of life, distress, and pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) functioning were evaluated. METHODS: Twenty-five women with dyspareunia were instructed to perform pelvic floor muscle (PFM) relaxation exercises twice/day to prevent/manage PFM overactivity, apply a polycarbophil-based vaginal moisturizer three times/week to alleviate vaginal dryness, use olive oil as a lubricant during intercourse, and complete a weekly compliance diary. PFM relaxation training was administered by a physiotherapist at weeks 0 and 4, with follow-up at weeks 12 and 26. At each visit, women completed validated self-report questionnaires and the physiotherapist recorded objective measures of PFM functioning. RESULTS: OVERcome resulted in significant improvements in dyspareunia, sexual function, and quality of life over time (all P<0.001). PFM relaxation training was reported to be effective (P≤0.001). Maximum benefits were observed at week 12. Most women rated PFM relaxation exercises (92%), vaginal moisturizer (88%), and olive oil (73%) as helpful, indicating that the intervention was acceptable. Unexpectedly, six cases (11%) of vaginal stenosis were noted during initial screening. CONCLUSIONS: This novel intervention is acceptable to patients with demonstrated efficacy in improving dyspareunia and sexual function following breast cancer. Delivery of the OVERcome intervention appears feasible in a clinical setting, providing a potential treatment for this important clinical issue. The unexpected number of observed cases of stenosis further highlights the underreporting of sexual problems in this population, deserving further exploration.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Dispareunia/terapia , Emolientes/uso terapêutico , Terapia por Exercício , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Diafragma da Pelve/fisiopatologia , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Comportamento Sexual/efeitos dos fármacos , Vagina/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Idoso , Biorretroalimentação Psicológica , Terapia Combinada , Dispareunia/diagnóstico , Dispareunia/etiologia , Dispareunia/fisiopatologia , Dispareunia/psicologia , Emolientes/efeitos adversos , Terapia por Exercício/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Lipídeos/efeitos adversos , Lipídeos/uso terapêutico , Lubrificantes/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relaxamento Muscular , Azeite de Oliva , Satisfação do Paciente , Óleos de Plantas/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Vagina/fisiopatologia , Cremes, Espumas e Géis VaginaisRESUMO
Treatment of dry mouth starts with determining the salivary gland function by measuring the unstimulated and stimulated flow rate.Treatment depends on these measurements. Iffunctioning salivary gland tissues with saliva producing potential are present, stimulation of the salivary glands by gum chewing or sucking sugar-free sweets is recommended. Salivary gland stimulation may also be achieved using medications, acupuncture and electrostimulation. If stimulation is insufficient, moistening the oral mucosa with a sip ofwater regularly during the day is one of the easiest and most effective methods of easing dry mouth. In addition, the use of saliva replacement therapy might be beneficial, but only with proper instruction. With regard to the caries risk in dentate patients, a fluoride rinse or gel should be prescribed.
Assuntos
Saliva/metabolismo , Glândulas Salivares/fisiologia , Taxa Secretória/fisiologia , Xerostomia/etiologia , Goma de Mascar , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Doenças das Glândulas Salivares/complicações , Glândulas Salivares/efeitos dos fármacos , Taxa Secretória/efeitos dos fármacos , Xerostomia/diagnóstico , Xerostomia/terapiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Endodontic lubricants, irrigating solutions and medicaments help reduce the microbial load within root canals. Primary and secondary cases involve different microbes. Each'solution'or combinations thereof could play a significant role but no detailed guidelines exist on their use. An audit was undertaken to compare current practice in Belfast Dental School to the others across the UK and Republic of Ireland (ROI). This audit highlighted three main differences between Belfast and other dental schools. Many other institutions utilized other irrigants besides sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), different intracanal medicaments, including calcium hydroxide, and higher concentrations of NaOCl. Having gathered this information, we ask, 'Is there sufficient evidence to change the endodontic regime currently used at Belfast Dental School?'. Using the findings from the literature review (Part 1), we introduce new evidence-based protocols for primary and secondary cases for use in Belfast Dental School. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In the absence of detailed clinical guidelines on the use of endodontic lubricants, irrigants and medicaments in primary and secondary cases, it is important to be aware of current practice in UK and ROI dental schools where dentists and specialists are trained.
Assuntos
Auditoria Odontológica , Padrões de Prática Odontológica/estatística & dados numéricos , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Faculdades de Odontologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/uso terapêutico , Hidróxido de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Quelantes/uso terapêutico , Clorexidina/análogos & derivados , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Ácido Cítrico/uso terapêutico , Ácido Edético/uso terapêutico , Odontologia Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Irlanda , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Irlanda do Norte , Povidona-Iodo/uso terapêutico , Retratamento , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/administração & dosagem , Preparo de Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Preparo de Canal Radicular/métodos , Tratamento do Canal Radicular/métodos , Hipoclorito de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Hipoclorito de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Reino UnidoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The intensified treatment of breast cancer improves survival but has a price in terms of side-effects. The main side-effects, such as vasomotor symptoms and impaired sexual functioning, are related to premature menopause due to chemotherapy and/or anti-hormonal therapy. Though for some women these symptoms are bearable, for others they have a large impact on their quality of life. The paper discusses the menopausal symptoms most frequently reported by breast cancer survivors and current treatment options. METHODS: A literature review is presented of menopausal symptoms after breast cancer and management strategies, illustrated by two cases. SUMMARY: Vasomotor symptoms can be relieved by lifestyle adaptation, acupuncture and non-hormonal agents such as venlafaxine, gabapentin or clonidine. Impaired sexual functioning can be treated by couple-based sexual counselling or psycho-educational therapy. Painful intercourse due to vaginal dryness can be alleviated by vaginal lubricants and moisturizers, but is most effectively treated by vaginal estriol. Local estriol seems safe if used for a short period (less than six weeks). Because of proven increased risk of recurrence with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), it should not be prescribed for breast cancer survivors, although exceptions could be made of selected cases of fully informed BRCA mutation carriers after ER-negative breast cancer and with severe menopausal symptoms due to prophylactic oophorectomy at a young age and (preferably) after mastectomy. CONCLUSION: The management of vasomotor symptoms and impaired sexual functioning in breast cancer survivors should focus on lifestyle and, if necessary, non-hormonal pharmacological interventions.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Fogachos/terapia , Menopausa Precoce , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/terapia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/terapia , Sobreviventes , Doenças Vaginais/terapia , Terapia por Acupuntura , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Estriol/administração & dosagem , Estriol/uso terapêutico , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Lubrificantes/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Let patients know that hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and other common menopausal symptoms can be treated successfully with hormonal and nonhormonal agents.
Assuntos
Vaginite Atrófica/terapia , Dispareunia/terapia , Fogachos/terapia , Menopausa/fisiologia , Menopausa/psicologia , Terapia por Acupuntura , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Administração Cutânea , Administração Tópica , Afeto , Fatores Etários , Antagonistas de Androgênios/uso terapêutico , Androgênios/uso terapêutico , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Antidepressivos de Segunda Geração/uso terapêutico , Vaginite Atrófica/fisiopatologia , Compostos Azabicíclicos/uso terapêutico , Bupropiona/uso terapêutico , Acetato de Ciproterona/uso terapêutico , Desidroepiandrosterona/uso terapêutico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Dispareunia/fisiopatologia , Estrogênios/uso terapêutico , Zopiclona , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Cabelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Fogachos/etiologia , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/uso terapêutico , Libido/efeitos dos fármacos , Estilo de Vida , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antagonistas de Receptores de Mineralocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Minoxidil/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/etiologia , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/terapia , Espironolactona/uso terapêutico , Testosterona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The sexual consequences of breast cancer and its treatments are well known and previously reviewed. Alterations in body image, with or without breast reconstruction, changes in sexual self-esteem and self-efficacy, vulvovaginal atrophy as a result of chemotherapy and/or adjuvant hormone therapy, and loss of libido secondary to dyspareunia and body image issues are common in survivors of breast cancer. Medications that are prescribed for long-term use including those in the class of aromatase inhibitors can have far-reaching implications on quality of life by contributing to vulvar and vaginal atrophic changes. While this is an important issue, there are few widely accepted treatments that have been evaluated for efficacy and safety for these sexual challenges in the breast cancer population. However, progress is being made in finding new and innovative solutions for many of the sexual problems faced by breast cancer survivors and their partners. Many institutions are now compelled to address survivorship concerns and addressing sexuality and intimacy are paramount issues in survivorship care. In this article, we present the evidence for the multimodal approach to the management of sexuality concerns in the breast cancer survivor. Pharmacologic, nonpharmacologic, and psychosocial interventions will be reviewed.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Sexualidade/psicologia , Administração Intravaginal , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Dispareunia/tratamento farmacológico , Dispareunia/etiologia , Estradiol/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Lubrificantes/administração & dosagem , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Terapias Mente-Corpo , Aconselhamento Sexual , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/etiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/terapia , Sexualidade/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Success rate of cecal intubation, endoscopist's difficulty, and procedure-related patient pain are still problems for beginners performing colonoscopy. New methods to aid colonoscopic insertion such as warm water instillation and oil lubrication have been proposed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using warm water or oil in colonoscopy. METHODS: Colonoscopy was performed in 117 unsedated patients by three endoscopists-in-training. Patients were randomly allocated to three groups, using a conventional method with administration of antispasmodics, warm water instillation, and oil lubrication, respectively. Success rate of total intubation within time limit (15 min), cecal intubation time, degree of endoscopist's difficulty, and level of patient discomfort were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: Cecal intubation time was shorter in the warm water group than in the conventional and oil groups. Degree of procedural difficulty was lower in the warm water group, and patient pain score was higher in the oil lubrication group, compared with the other groups. However, there was no significant difference in success rate of intubation within time limit among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The warm water method is a simple, safe, and feasible method for beginners. Oil lubrication may not be a useful method compared with conventional and warm water method.
Assuntos
Doenças do Colo/patologia , Colonoscopia/métodos , Gastroenterologia/educação , Gastroenterologia/métodos , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Água , Adulto , Idoso , Ceco/patologia , Colonoscopia/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óleos/uso terapêutico , Dor/etiologia , Dor/prevenção & controle , Parassimpatolíticos/uso terapêutico , VigíliaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To objectively review the outcome of clinical studies where rose bengal stain (RB) has been used as an outcome measure to assess the efficacy of artificial tears (AT) in patients with dry eye. METHODS: From peer-reviewed articles published between 1947 and 2008, information was sought on dry eye status, as reported using a grading scheme, after use of RB as a diagnostic test, before and after use of a specific regimen of artificial tears or ocular lubricants for approximately 30 days. Mean baseline scores and post-treatment scores were calculated, along with the net change and the percentage change in the RB scores. RESULTS: From a total of 33 suitable data sets, published between 1985 and 2006, the group mean pre-treatment RB score was 4.25 +/- 1.55 (+/-S.D.), which decreased to 2.84 +/- 1.24 after 30 days of treatment. This represented a net change of -1.43 (95% CI of -1.04 to -1.45). For use of traditional AT (saline, hypromellose, etc), the net change was -0.95, it was -1.33 for use of carbomer (polyacrylic acid) gels and -2.10 for hyaluronic acid (HA) products. These changes represented net improvements of 25.9 +/- 18.4%, 38.0 +/- 20.7% and 41.8 +/- 16.3% respectively. The greater change with HA was not associated with a lower final outcome score, but with higher pre-treatment scores. CONCLUSIONS: Based on RB grading schemes used by numerous different clinicians over many years, treatment of dry eye with artificial tears or ocular lubricants can be expected to improve the condition of the exposed ocular surface. Assuming no improvement without treatment, a 30 days treatment period can be projected to produce an overall improvement of around 25%, but with no unambiguous statistical differences between product types.
Assuntos
Corantes Fluorescentes , Lubrificantes/uso terapêutico , Soluções Oftálmicas/uso terapêutico , Rosa Bengala , Xeroftalmia/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case report is to explore the diagnosis and the treatment of a complication secondary to a radial keratotomy (RK) surgery. It illustrates the fact that, even more than 20 years after the procedure, corneas that underwent RK procedures may still be at risk for complications. METHODS: The patient was seen in emergency department in September 2008 for a red and painful eye. Examination revealed a separation of one RK incision consequent to heavy eye rubbing. Treatment initiated for this condition is similar to treatment of minor corneal erosion and is explained. RESULTS: After intensive lubrication, the condition healed in 2 weeks, without further complications. CONCLUSION: It is shown that patients after RK remain at risk for corneal complications over the years after their initial surgical procedures. Patients should be educated about the fragility of their cornea and globe and to do not rub their eyes. Eye care practitioners should reinforce these messages periodically. A close follow-up of post-RK patients is needed to keep these patients in optimal ocular health.