RESUMO
The hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) leaves was previously demonstrated to be anti-inflammatory in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute peritonitis. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the pomegranate leaf hydroalcoholic extract (EAFPg) on the LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model. Male Swiss mice received either EAFPg at different doses or dexamethasone (per os) prior to LPS intranasal instillation. Vehicle-treated mice were used as controls. Animals were culled at 4 h after LPS challenge, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung samples were collected for analysis. EAFPg and kaempferol effects on NO and cytokine production by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were also investigated. Pretreatment with EAFPg (100-300 mg/kg) markedly reduced cell accumulation (specially neutrophils) and collagen deposition in the lungs of ALI mice. The same animals presented with reduced lung and BALF TNF-α and IL-1ß expression in comparison with vehicle controls (p < 0.05). Additionally, incubation with either EAFPg or kaempferol (100 µg/ml) reduced NO production and cytokine gene expression in cultured LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Overall, these results demonstrate that the prophylactic treatment with EAFPg attenuates acute lung inflammation. We suggest this fraction may be useful in treating ALI.
Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/terapia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Pneumonia/terapia , Acetatos/química , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/imunologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Lythraceae/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta , Pneumonia/imunologia , Células RAW 264.7 , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
In this work we characterize the interaction of pomegranate hydrolyzable tannins (HT) with hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) and determine the effects of non-covalent tannin-protein complexes on macrophage endocytosis, processing and presentation of antigen. We isolated HT from pomegranate and complex to HEL, the resulting non-covalent tannin-protein complex was characterized by gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS. Finally, cell culture studies and confocal microscopy imaging were conducted on the non-covalent pomegranate HT-HEL protein complexes to evaluate its effect on macrophage antigen uptake, processing and presentation to T-cell hybridomas. Our results indicate that non-covalent pomegranate HT-HEL protein complexes modulate uptake, processing and antigen presentation by mouse peritoneal macrophages. After 4 h of pre-incubation, only trace amounts of IL-2 were detected in the co-cultures treated with HEL alone, whereas a non-covalent pomegranate HT-HEL complex had already reached maximum IL-2 expression. Pomegranate HT may increase rate of endocytose of HEL and subsequent expression of IL-2 by the T-cell hybridomas.
Assuntos
Taninos Hidrolisáveis/química , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/imunologia , Lythraceae/química , Lythraceae/imunologia , Muramidase/química , Muramidase/imunologia , Animais , Apresentação de Antígeno , Técnicas de Cocultura , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Proteínas do Ovo/química , Proteínas do Ovo/imunologia , Alimento Funcional/análise , Humanos , Hibridomas/imunologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/imunologia , Camundongos , Complexos Multiproteicos/química , Complexos Multiproteicos/imunologia , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
We report the effect of aqueous-, ethanol- and methanol-solvent-derived extracts of three traditional Korean herbs, Punica granatum, Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and Zanthoxylum schinifolium, by monitoring the innate immune mechanisms, such as phagocytosis activity, respiratory burst activity, alternative complement activity and lysozyme activity and the functional immunity in terms of percentage mortality and relative percent survival (RPS) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) against Uronema marinum (1 x 10(5)ciliates ml(-1)) for 30 days. Fish were intraperitoneally administered with 5, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) body weight of each traditional Korean medicinal (TKM) solvent extract except the control and infected untreated groups. In all the treated groups at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) body weight, the chosen innate immune parameters were found significantly enhanced when compared to 0 mg kg(-1) dose. However, at 5 mg kg(-1) the tested immune parameters did not vary. Administration of TKM solvent extracts preceding the challenge with U. marinum for 30 days significantly reduced the percentage mortality with the consequent increase in RPS. Administration of 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) TKM solvent extracts clearly enhanced the innate immune responses and disease resistance in P. olivaceus against U. marinum.