Correlation of Orthodontic Treatment by Fixed or Myofunctional Appliances and Periodontitis: A Retrospective Study.

INTRODUCTION: Malocclusion plays an important role in the development of periodontitis. Thus, by treating malocclusion, a good gingival health can be achieved. This study was conducted to establish the correlation between orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study conducted on 220 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment for malocclusion. They were divided into two groups: Group I patients were treated with fixed orthodontics, while group II patients received myofunctional appliances. RESULTS: The value for plaque, gingival recession, and tooth mobility significantly increased in group I patients. However, the difference was statistically nonsignificant in group II patients. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that there is correlation between malocclusion and periodontitis. Malocclusion leads to periodontitis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Malocclusion is the main reason for the development of poor periodontal health. Combined effort has to be played by both periodontist and orthodontist for the treatment of various orthodontic-periodontal problems.

Alteraciones orofaciales y electromiografía de superficie en trastornos del neurodesarrollo / Orofacial alterations and surface electromyography in neurodevelopmental disorders

Introducción. La electromiografía de superficie se ha convertido en una técnica muy utilizada para medir la actividad de distintos grupos musculares. Aunque la fiabilidad y validez de la técnica se discuten, existe un cuerpo importante de bibliografía científica que defiende su uso Objetivo. Presentar, mediante un estudio de caso, las dos utilidades básicas de la electromiografía de superficie: la medida de la actividad muscular orofacial y su empleo como biofeedback modulador de la propia actividad muscular. Caso clínico. Niña de 10 años con perfil facial dolicocefálico y prognático, mordida abierta anterior y mordida cruzada bilateral, oclusión clase II de Angle bilateral y deglución atípica con interposición lingual. Se utilizó el electromiógrafo de superficie de ocho canales bipolares MioTool Face, de Miotec Suite 1.0. Se colocaron electrodos de superficie en la musculatura orofacial y los resultados obtenidos se midieron y visualizaron a través de los programas Miograph y Biotrainer. Conclusiones. Los resultados confirman los obtenidos a través de la exploración clínica del paciente y apoyan el uso de estas mediciones para la estimación y validación de modelos mecánicos del sistema masticatorio y deglutorio. El biofeedback electromiográfico se muestra como una técnica eficaz para autocontrolar la fuerza que se realiza en grupos musculares claves en actividades primarias como la masticación y la deglución (AU)

Introduction. Surface electromyography has become a widely used technique for measuring the activity of different muscle groups. Although the reliability and validity of the technique are discussed, there is an important body of scientific literature that defends the use of this technique. Aim. To present through a case study, the two basic uses of surface electromyography: the measurement of orofacial muscular activity and use it as biofeedback modulator of the muscular activity itself. Case report. A 10 years-old girl with a dolichocephalic and prognosis facial profile, anterior open bite and bilateral cross bite, bilateral Angle class II occlusion and atypical swallowing with lingual interposition. The MioTool Face by Miotec Suite 1.0, it could use until 8-channel bipolar surface electromyography. Surface electrodes were placed in the orofacial musculature and the results obtained were measured and visualized through the software Miograph and Biotrainer. Conclusions. The results confirm those obtained through the clinical exploration of the patient and support the use of these measurements for the estimation and validation of mechanical models of the masticatory and swallowing system. Electromyographic biofeedback is shown as an effective technique to self-control the force performed in key muscle groups by performing primary activities such as chewing and swallowing (AU)

Atypical deglutition: diagnosis and interceptive treatment. A clinical study.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the early treatment of atypical deglutition, by analysing the efficacy of the eruptive guide appliance Habit Corrector™. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pre- and post-treatment (T1 and T2) cephalometric data of 2 groups of patients (G1 and G2), both consisting of 25 patients each and treated with Habit Corrector™, were compared. The first group included 10 males and 15 females, aged between 4 and 7 years old, with average age 6.17 years, and therefore undergoing the last phase of primary dentition and the first phase of mixed dentition. The second group included 12 males and 13 females, aged between 8 and 12 years old, with average age 9.19 years old, undergoing the second phase of mixed dentition. The overall duration of the treatment was 12 months. RESULTS: The results showed significant differences between the two groups, with respect to overbite, overjet, molar relation, inclination of the upper and lower incisors, position of the jaw. A significant variation between the two groups at T2 was registered for the maxillomandibular relationships: the increase in the growth and degree of mandibular protrusion was of 4.66° in G1 and 2.44° in G2. Significant changes were registered for the position or growth of the upper jaw; the upper facial height almost remained unaltered, with 53.34° for G1 and with 53.96° for G2. A significant variation occurred with the increase in the sagittal relationship between the molars, improved in G1 by 3.14 mm and in G2 by 2.61 mm. A significant decrease of overjet was registered in G1 by 1.94 mm and in G2 by 0.76 m and an increase of overbite in G1 by 3.14 mm and in G2 by 0.88 mm. The inclination of the maxillary and mandibular incisors improved, with an inter-incisive angle of 123° in G1 and 124.2° in G2. CONCLUSION: The clinical results obtained suggest that early intervention in atypical deglutition with Habit Corrector™ is able to produce significant results in primary dentition and in the first phase of mixed dentition, rather than in the late phase of mixed dentition.

Patients treated with orthodontic-myofunctional therapeutic protocol.

AIM: The aim of this study is to report three cases that needed myofunctional and orthodontic treatment and the good results achieved after the therapy. Orthodontic treatment alone, in presence of bad habits, is not enough to solve the orthodontic issues, so it needs to be combined with myofunctional treatment.

Non surgical treatment of a Class II malocclusion with skeletal hyperdivergency and anterior open bite.

The malocclusions with hyperdivergent vertical growth patterns are more difficult to treat without a combined approach, including orthodontics and orthodontic surgery. The goal of this article is to describe a nonsurgical approach of a Class II malocclusion on an adult patient presenting a skeletal hyperdivergency. Fundamental criteria must be respected including proper diagnosis, proper treatment timing to maximize growth potential, patient cooperation, etc. These factors are critical in the favorable treatment outcome of any jaw discrepancy.

Longitudinal study on a rehabilitative model for correction of atypical swallowing.

AIM: The aim of the study is to analyse the prevalence of anomalous function of the orofacial muscles and their aetiological factors in a small sample of paediatric patients, to evaluate the correlation between anomalous functions of the orofacial muscles and malocclusions, and finally to verify the effects of a myofunctional protocol, composed of a series of exercises aimed at correcting the anomalous function and position of the tongue. METHODS: The protocol that has been used in this research is a re-elaboration of the diagnostic and therapeutic methods set by two authors, Daniel Garliner and Aurelio Levrini. A group of 57 children (aged 5 to 13, mean age 8.2) with atypical swallowing diagnosis, has been treated for almost 3 years. RESULTS: Physiologic swallowing was achieved in 47% of the children treated. CONCLUSION: The results show the benefits of the myofunctional therapy in the treatment of children with abnormal swallowing.

[Delayed diagnosis of a postanaesthesia temporomandibular joint dislocation]. / Luxation de l'articulation temporomandibulaire diagnostiquée au décours d'une anesthésie générale.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation during anaesthesia is a rare occurrence. Patients with a history of prior dislocations or TMJ dysfunction, and patients with mandibular retrognathism are at risk of this complication. This is a case report of delayed diagnosis of TMJ dislocation after a general anaesthesia for aortic valvular replacement surgery in a predisposed patient. Considering this unusual presentation, TMJ evaluation should be performed during preoperative anaesthetic assessment. In at-risk patients, one should not worry about TMJ dislocation during intubation but concentrate on glottic exposure. However, afterwards, one should be highly aware of this possible complication in order to detect it early, allowing an immediate simple manual reduction. This manoeuver may be performed with or without sedation by a practitioner, familiar with this way of resetting a dislocated jaw.

Long-term outcome in a patient with a dentoskeletal open-bite malocclusion treated without extraction.

This case report describes the treatment of a patient with a Class II malocclusion with an anterior open bite. The patient, a girl 16 years of age, had a significant anteroposterior discrepancy and a high-angle tendency. Her face was convex, with competent lips. Intraorally she had an anterior open bite of 3 mm, space in the mandibular arch, and an overjet of 2 mm. High-pull headgear, anterior intermaxillary elastics, and appropriate wire bending were used to close the bite and to correct the anteroposterior dental relationship. Modification of a tongue thrust habit helped to correct this significant malocclusion and provided stability at 11 years posttreatment.

Nonextraction and nonsurgical treatment of an adult with skeletal Class II open bite with severe retrognathic mandible and temporomandibular disorders.

AIM: The treatment of an adult patient with a skeletal Class II Division 1 malocclusion, retrognathic mandible with downward and backward rotation, anterior open bite, and temporomandibular disorders is presented. Treatment objectives included establishing a stable occlusion with normal respiration, eliminating temporomandibular disorder symptoms, and improving facial esthetics through nonextraction and nonsurgical treatment. SUBJECT AND METHODS: The patient was a Japanese adult female, who had previously been advised to have orthognathic surgery. An expansion plate was used to reshape the maxillary dentoalveolar arch. Distalization of the maxillary arch and forward movement of the mandible were achieved by reduced excessive posterior occlusal vertical dimension, through uprighting and intruding the mandibular posterior teeth, and rotating the mandible slightly upward and forward. The functional occlusal plane was reconstructed by uprighting and intruding the mandibular posterior teeth with a full-bracket appliance, combined with a maxillary expansion plate and short Class II elastics. Myofunctional therapy and masticatory and cervical muscle training involved chewing gum exercises and neck-muscle massage. RESULTS: The excessive posterior vertical occlusal dimension was significantly reduced, creating a small clearance between the posterior maxilla and mandible. The occlusal interferences in the posterior area were eliminated by the expansion of the maxillary dentoalveolar arch. As a result, the mandible moved forward, creating a more favorable jaw relationship. Distal movement of the maxillary arch was also achieved. The functional occlusal plane was reconstructed and a normal overjet and overbite were created. Adequate tongue space for normal respiration was established during the early stage of treatment. A stable occlusion with adequate posterior support and anterior guidance was established in a treatment time of 25 months, without orthognathic surgery, extraction, or headgear; this result was maintained at more than 1 year 8 months posttreatment.

Case report: surgeon and orthodontist work together from patient's birth.

This case report presents one of the initial participants of a new treatment protocol started in 1965 for children born with complete clefts of the lip, alveolus, and palate at Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, USA. The surgeon and orthodontist worked together and in tandem from the time of the patient's birth. The protocol involves lip and palate closure, along with the placement of a passive maxillary prosthesis and minimal primary osteoplasty to the alveolus to help stabilize the maxillary segments. This case is noteworthy in that the patient had a number of congenitally missing teeth, and treatment required moving a tooth into and through an area originally cleft. The patient is now 40 years of age. Intra- and extraoral photographs, cephalometric radiographs, occlusal dental radiographs, and dental casts through the treatment stages are presented.

Resultados de la terapia miofuncional en pacientes con incompetencia bilabial / Myofuntional therapy results in patients who have not bilabial closing

Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se realizó un estudio analítico de intervención, tomando como universo 301 niños de la Escuela Primaria Guerrillero Heroico. La muestra se seleccionó a conveniencia, quedando constituida por 90 niños, 60 con cierre bilabial incompetente y 30 sin afectación neuromuscular del orbicular de los labios, con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 8 años, con dentición mixta temprana y a los que se les aplicó terapia miofuncional grupal del orbicular de los labios. A la mitad de los niños afectados se les colocó además aparatología, pues así lo requerían sus características. Las mediciones se realizaron con un dinamómetro y con ayuda de un dispositivo creado para ello, con un intervalo de 6 meses entre una y otra. Al término de este estudio se pudo constatar que la fuerza aumentó de 70 g, medidos al inicio, a 140 g, al final, y se logró además la competencia bilabial en el 31% y un resalte normal en 33 del total de niños objeto de estudio, y se consideraron además las premisas y condiciones establecidas para la aplicación de la terapia miofuncional grupal, las cuales permitieron una mayor motivación y cooperación de estos pacientes

In order to carry out this research paper, we made an analytic study on patients. We analysed 301 children from Guerrillero Heroico primary school. This sample was selected, by conveniencing, and only 90 children were selected at the end. Out of the 90, only 60 children had not bilabial closing at all, and 30 of them without any neuromuscular affectation of the orbicular lips. These, 60 children were between 6 to 8 years old in the early and mixed dentition. Myofunctional group therapy of the orbicular lips was applied to affected children. Dental devices were placed in half of the children affected. Measurements were obtained with a dynamometer and a device created for this work. These measures were performed every 6 months, with a result of that the strength increased from 70 g to 140 g. Complete bilabial closing was achieved in the 31% of cases. Thirty-three patients achieved a normal overjet. Considering the premises and conditions established to the myofunctional therapy group, a greater motivation and compliance of these patients were obtained

[Gnathologic-orthodontic protocol for Class II, division 1 with TMJ dysfunction]. / Protocollo gnatologico-ortodontico per le Classi II, 1 divisione con disfunzioni dell'ATM.

The Authors present a case of Class II Division I malocclusion associated with TMJ dysfunction and treated with a gnathologic-orthodontic approach. The protocol involves five steps: extraction of third molars because not useful in the orthodontic treatment, placement of a edgewise appliance following the Tweed technique, use of a neuromuscular deprogramming appliance, an orthopedic appliance associated with physiotherapy.