Rhadinorhynchus oligospinosus n. sp. (Acanthocephala, Rhadinorhynchidae) from mackerels in the Pacific Ocean off Peru and related rhadinorhynchids in the Pacific, with notes on metal analysis.

Specimens of a new species of Rhadinorhynchus Lühe, 1911 are described from the chub mackerel Scomber japonicus (Scombridae) and the Chilean Jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi (Carangidae) (possibly a subspecies of Trachurus symmetricus) from the Pacific Ocean off the Peruvian coast at the Port of Chicama, La Libertad. Specimens of Rhadinorhynchus oligospinosus n. sp. are somewhat small having 11-14 rows of alternating proboscis hooks with 20-22 hooks each with posteriormost hooks in a continuous ring. Ventral hooks are robust with prominent roots but dorsal hooks are slender and shorter with discoid roots. Trunk spines are in two zones separated by a non-spiny region. Anterior trunk spines are in 2-3 complete circles but posterior spines are only ventral and lateral, and do not extend posterior to the level of the posterior end of the proboscis receptacle in both sexes. The new species is closest to Rhadinorhynchus seriolae (Yamaguti, 1963) Golvan, 1969 found in Japanese and Australian waters, but not as close to 19 other species found in the same Pacific waters off Australia, Japan, and Vietnam. In R. seriolae, posterior trunk spines extend well past the receptacle in females, among other diagnostic differences. Proboscis hooks of the new species were analyzed for chemical elements using X-ray in conjunction with EDAX (energy-dispersive analysis for X-ray) software; sulfur had a higher concentration at the edge than the middle of cut hooks.

Role of Anise on the hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in adult male albino rats

Oxidative stress induced by free radicals is known to be a common cause of liver damage and hepatic fibrosis. Anise oil and its compounds have been identified to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrinogenic properties that may play a role in the management of hepatic disorders and promote liver regeneration. Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of anise oil on hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in adult male albino rats. Sixty male albino rats were divided into control group, CCL4-treated group that was injected with 1 mg /kg CCL4 intraperitoneally (ip), CCL4+anise oil-treated group that was injected with 1 mg /kg of CCL4 and 0.5 ml/ kg of anise oil (ip), and anise oil-treated group that was injected with 0.5 ml/kg of anise oil. Animals received treatment for 4 weeks and sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration. Livers were removed and processed for light and electron microscopy analysis. The CCL4-treated group revealed loss of normal architecture of hepatic lobules, steatosis, necrosis, cholestasis, portal congestion and progressed grading of lobular inflammation, ballooning degeneration and fibrosis. On the other hand, the CCL4 + anise group showed reduced liver damage and increased signs of regeneration. We conclude that anise oil has a protective effect on liver damage caused by CCL4and promotes liver regeneration (AU)

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Lesions associated with mineral deposition in the lymph node and lung of the dog.

This report includes details of the clinical and pathologic features of 31 dogs with a range of systemic illness and granulomatous lymphadenopathy associated with the presence of birefringent crystalline material within lymph nodes. Similar crystalline material was found in the lymph nodes of dogs with lymphoma (n = 9) and as an incidental finding within the canine lung (n = 9). The mineral content of these crystals was determined by electron microprobe analysis and interpreted in light of the composition of known geological or human-made compounds. A wide range of elements was identified including silicon, sulfur, copper, calcium, and aluminium, with lesser proportions of phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, magnesium, titanium, nickel, and chromium. Many of these compounds may have originated from exogenous natural and human-made sources, but some compounds (notably phosphates and sulfates) are uncommon or not found in nature and may have been formed within the tissues of the body (biomineralization). The inflammatory response induced by the presence of these minerals within lymphoid tissue may trigger altered immunoregulation, accounting for the spectrum of disease observed.

Spontaneous globoid mineralization in the cerebellum of rats.

Cerebellar globoid mineralization in two rats was examined by light and electron microscopy, and by X-ray microanalysis. The mineralization was round to oval in shape; it varied in size and was positive for the periodic acid-Schiff and von Kossa reactions. Ultrastructurally, a concentric lamellar structure was prominent in moderately electron-dense depositions. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of large amounts of calcium and phosphorus, and small amounts of zinc, potassium and aluminum.