RESUMO
Ranunculus muricatus is commonly known as spiny fruit buttercup and is used in the treatment of intermittent fevers, gout and asthma. Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals of Ranunculus muricatus indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids. Saponins were present in high amount as compared with other chemicals. Inorganic and heavy metals constituents were determined. Heavy metals estimation in the sample showed that iron was present in high amount followed by zinc even then the concentration of these metals is below acceptable limit. The physical parameters, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined. Acetone extract fraction showed optimal antioxidant activity as compared to ethanol and chloroform fractions of the candidate plant. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the crude extract and extract fractions were determined by well agar diffusion method. Highest zone of inhibitions were observed for crude extract followed by acetone extract fraction against Micrococcus luteus. Antifungal activities were high for crude extracts against Candida Albican. Findings of this study show that Ranunculus muricatus has a good medicinal impact.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ranunculus/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão , Micrococcus luteus/efeitos dos fármacos , Micrococcus luteus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Picratos/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Solventes/químicaRESUMO
CONTEXT: Lippia thymoides Mart. & Schauer (Verbenaceae) is used in folk medicine to treat wounds, fever, bronchitis, rheumatism, headaches, and weakness. OBJECTIVE: This study determinates the chemical composition of essential oils from L. thymoides, obtained at during each of the four seasons and correlates with pharmacological properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging and ß-carotene bleaching methods. The antimicrobial assays were performed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) methods. Isolated rat aorta and uterus, and guinea-pig trachea were utilized to evaluate relaxant potential in pre-contracted smooth muscle. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Essential oils from leaves of L. thymoides had the sesquiterpene ß-caryophyllene (17.22-26.27%) as the major constituent followed by borneol (4.45-7.36%), camphor (3.22-8.61%), camphene (2.64-5.66%), and germacrene D (4.72-6.18%). In vitro assays showed that these essential oils do not have antioxidant activity, have antimicrobial selectivity to Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.004 mg/mL and MMC = 0.26-10.19 mg/mL) and Micrococcus luteus (MIC = 0.03 mg/mL and MMC = 8.43 mg/mL), relax isolated rat aorta (EC50 = 305-544 µg/mL, with endothelium; and EC50 = 150-283 µg/mL, without endothelium), and uterus (EC50 = 74-257 µg/mL), and minor potency, isolated guinea-pig trachea. CONCLUSIONS: Lippia thymoides is a source of natural products of pharmaceutical interest, being necessary additional studies to determine the substances involved in the biological activities.
Assuntos
Lippia/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Estações do Ano , Resistência das Vias Respiratórias/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Aorta Torácica/efeitos dos fármacos , Aorta Torácica/fisiologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Cobaias , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Micrococcus luteus/efeitos dos fármacos , Micrococcus luteus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Oxirredução , Fitoterapia , Picratos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais , Ratos Wistar , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Tocolíticos/química , Tocolíticos/isolamento & purificação , Tocolíticos/farmacologia , Traqueia/efeitos dos fármacos , Traqueia/fisiologia , Contração Uterina/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/fisiologia , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatadores/química , Vasodilatadores/isolamento & purificação , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia , beta Caroteno/químicaRESUMO
The momentum gained by research on biologics has not been met yet with equal thrust on the informatics side. There is a noticeable lack of software for data management that empowers the bench scientists working on the development of biologic therapeutics. SARvision|Biologics is a tool to analyze data associated with biopolymers, including peptides, antibodies, and protein therapeutics programs. The program brings under a single user interface tools to filter, mine, and visualize data as well as those algorithms needed to organize sequences. As part of the data-analysis tools, we introduce two new concepts: mutation cliffs and invariant maps. Invariant maps show the variability of properties when a monomer is maintained constant in a position of the biopolymer. Mutation cliff maps draw attention to pairs of sequences where a single or limited number of point mutations elicit a large change in a property of interest. We illustrate the program and its applications using a peptide data set collected from the literature.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Interface Usuário-Computador , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anticorpos/química , Anticorpos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/química , Biomarcadores Farmacológicos , Biologia Computacional/instrumentação , Biologia Computacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Lactococcus lactis/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactococcus lactis/genética , Lactococcus lactis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Micrococcus luteus/efeitos dos fármacos , Micrococcus luteus/genética , Micrococcus luteus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Mutação Puntual , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Green synthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles has attracted nowadays and alternative to physical and chemical approaches. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from leaf extract of Mimusops elengi, L. at room temperature. Formation of stable AgNPs at 1mM concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3) typically gave spherical shape particles with diameter range from 55 to 83nm. The kinetic properties of particle formation were proportional to the effect of concentration of AgNO3 solution. In order to identify the compounds responsible for the bioreduction of Ag(+) ion and the stabilization of AgNPs produced, the functional group present in Mimusops elengi, L. leaf extract was investigated using FTIR. The formation of nanoparticle was confirmed using the surface plasmon resonance band shown in UV-vis spectrophotometer. The topography and morphology of the particles were determined using scanning electron microscopy. The crystalline nature of nanoparticles was confirmed from the XRD pattern. Furthermore these green synthesized AgNPs were found to show higher antimicrobial efficacy against multi drug resistant clinical isolates.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/síntese química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Mimusops/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Prata/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Química Verde , Humanos , Cinética , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Micrococcus luteus/efeitos dos fármacos , Micrococcus luteus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Micrococcus luteus/isolamento & purificação , Oxirredução , Tamanho da Partícula , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície , TemperaturaRESUMO
The antibiotic elansolid C1 (8) was isolated from Chitinophaga sancti strain FxGBF13 after fermentation in the presence of anthranilic acid. Remarkably, 8 was also obtained by addition of anthranilic acid to a crude fermentation extract containing the macrolide elansolid A2 (1*). This Michael-type conjugate addition allowed us to generate 21 new derivatives of elansolid C1 (9-29) by using various nucleophiles. Biological activities of all derivatives were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and the mouse cell line L929.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrolídeos/isolamento & purificação , Micrococcus luteus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/química , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Misturas Complexas/química , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Fermentação , Macrolídeos/química , Macrolídeos/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Massas , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Micrococcus luteus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , ortoaminobenzoatos/químicaRESUMO
This study evaluated the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities and phytochemical constituents of hydroalcoholic extract and its fractions from Buchenavia tetraphylla leaves. Cyclohexane (BTCF), ethyl acetate (BTEF), and n-butanol-soluble (BTSBF) and non-soluble (BTNBF) fractions were obtained from a liquid-liquid partition of hydroalcoholic extract (BTHE) from B. tetraphylla leaves. The hemolytic activity of active fractions was checked. The BTHE inhibited the growth of Micrococcus luteus (MIC: 0.10 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC: 0.20 mg/mL), Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC: 0.39 mg/mL), Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 0.78 mg/mL for both). The more active fractions were BTCF and BTBSF. BTCF showed better potential to inhibit M. luteus (0.10 mg/mL), P. aeruginosa (0.20 mg/mL), S. enteritidis (0.39 mg/mL), and S. aureus (1.56 mg/mL). BTBSF showed the best results for M. luteus (0.10 mg/mL), M. smegmatis, B. subtilis (0.39 mg/mL for both), and P. vulgaris (0.10 mg/mL). The HC50 were greater than observed MIC: 20.30, 4.70 and 2.53 mg/mL, respectively, to BTBF, BTHE and BTCF, which. The phytochemical analysis detected the presence of flavanoids, triterpene, carbohydrate, and tannin. Our work showed for the first time the broad-spread antimicrobial activity of B. tetraphylla, which has nonhemolytic action, creating a new perspective on the interesting association of traditional and scientific knowledge.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Combretaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , 1-Butanol/química , Acetatos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Carboidratos/análise , Cicloexanos/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Flavonoides/análise , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Micrococcus luteus/efeitos dos fármacos , Micrococcus luteus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mycobacterium smegmatis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium smegmatis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteus vulgaris/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteus vulgaris/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Solubilidade , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Taninos/análise , Triterpenos/análiseRESUMO
Bioassay-guided fractionation of a chloroformic extract obtained from Crithmum maritimum leaves led to the chemical isolation of falcarindiol, a polyacetylene widely distributed within the Apiaceae family. Structure of this compound was confirmed by NMR and activity was tracked using a screening microplate bioassay. Falcarindiol strongly inhibited the growth of Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 50 microg ml(-1). Moreover, this compound showed cytotoxicity against IEC-6 cells with an IC50 value of 20 microM after 48 h of exposition. These results suggest that Crithmum maritimum could be potentially used in food manufactures and cosmetology as preservative agents and biopesticides, or in medicine as new antibiotics, confirming the interest in studying halophytic species as sources of bioactive compounds.
Assuntos
Apiaceae/química , Di-Inos/farmacologia , Álcoois Graxos/farmacologia , Animais , Bacillus cereus/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacillus cereus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fracionamento Químico , Di-Inos/análise , Enterócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterócitos/metabolismo , Enterócitos/patologia , Álcoois Graxos/análise , Formazans/metabolismo , Intestino Delgado , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Micrococcus luteus/efeitos dos fármacos , Micrococcus luteus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Ratos , Sais de Tetrazólio/metabolismoRESUMO
The effect of anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-rich fractions isolated from cranberry juice was studied for their antibacterial activity against nine bacterial strains. Activity was assessed by the agar diffusion assay. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 was the only strain to exhibit some susceptibility to four out of 10 anthocyanin-rich fractions tested. A variable susceptibility of S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 10541, and Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 to proanthocyanidin- rich fractions was also observed. Streptococcus mutans strains as well as Escherichia coli ATCC 10538 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were not susceptible to any of the cranberry juice samples or fractions at the tested concentrations. There was no clear correlation between Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacterial susceptibility to cranberry juice. In this work, the role of cranberry juice anthocyanic and proanthocyanic fractions upon bacterial viability is discussed.
Assuntos
Antocianinas/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Proantocianidinas/farmacologia , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Imunodifusão , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Micrococcus luteus/efeitos dos fármacos , Micrococcus luteus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Studies of mutacins have always been hampered by the difficulties in obtaining active liquid preparations of these substances. In order to be commercially produced, good mutacin yields have to be obtained, preferably in inexpensive media. The results presented here indicate that mutacins can be produced in supplemented cheese whey permeate. The influence of carbon and nitrogen supplements on mutacin production varied according to the producer strain. The use of CaCO3 as a buffer in batch cultures resulted in improved yields of mutacin in the supernatants. Antimicrobial activity assays were improve by acidification of the diluent (pH 2) and were less variable in peptone water (0.5%). The culture medium consisting of cheese whey permeate (6% w/v), yeast extract (2% w/v) and CaCO3 (1% w/v) was found to be an inexpensive medium for the efficient production of mutacins.
Assuntos
Bacteriocinas/biossíntese , Bacteriocinas/metabolismo , Streptococcus mutans/metabolismo , Soluções Tampão , Carbonato de Cálcio , Galactose/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Micrococcus luteus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas do Leite/metabolismo , Peptonas/metabolismo , Sacarose/metabolismo , Proteínas do Soro do LeiteRESUMO
In the present study, essential oil from the leaves of Syrian oreganum [Origanum syriacum L. (Lauraceae)] grown in Turkish state forests of the Dortyol district, Turkey, was obtained by steam distillation. The chemical composition of oil was analysed by GC and GC-MS, and was found to contain 49.02% monoterpenes, 36.60% oxygenated monoterpenes and 12.59% sesquiterpenes. The major components are as follows: gamma-terpinene, carvacrol, p-cymene and beta-caryophyllene. Subsequently, the reducing power, antioxidant and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activities of the essential oil were studied. The reducing power was compared with ascorbic acid, and the other activities were compared with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol (BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene). The results showed that the activities were concentration dependent. The antioxidant activities of the oil were slightly lower than those of ascorbic acid or BHT, so the oil can be considered an effective natural antioxidant. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from the leaves of Origanum syriacum was also determined on 16 microorganisms tested using the agar-disc diffusion method, and showed antimicrobial activity against 13 of these.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Origanum/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Ampicilina/farmacologia , Ampicilina/normas , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Ácido Ascórbico/normas , Compostos de Bifenilo , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , Cimenos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Micrococcus luteus/efeitos dos fármacos , Micrococcus luteus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Monoterpenos/química , Monoterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Nistatina/farmacologia , Nistatina/normas , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Picratos/farmacologia , Picratos/normas , Folhas de Planta/química , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estreptomicina/farmacologia , Estreptomicina/normas , TurquiaRESUMO
Three extracts originating from a combination of various Latvian plant species were tested for their antibacterial activities by evaluating growth delays using a fully automated microturbidimetric method. Ten different human and bovine strains of the genera Staphylococcus and Micrococcus were used as test microorganisms. The inhibitory effect in vitro was defined as the difference between the growth rate without herbs and the growth rate in the presence of an extract. Among the tested strains, Staphylococcus aureus was found sensitive to all 3 extracts. However, extract I was the most effective in slowing the growth of all strains tested. Using appropriate tester strains it should be possible to set up a broad-range microtubidimetry assay for individual herb screening in vitro. The hemolytic effects of the individual extracts on human erythrocytes were also studied at different concentrations. Two of the herbal extracts had minimal lytic effects on eurocaryotic cells. An additional hemolysis test was conducted in the presence of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) as a free radical scavenger: CoQ10 had no effect on the hemolytic reaction.
Assuntos
Magnoliopsida/microbiologia , Micrococcus luteus/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Xantenos , Animais , Bovinos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluorometria , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Indicadores e Reagentes/farmacologia , Letônia , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Magnoliopsida/uso terapêutico , Micrococcus luteus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Nefelometria e Turbidimetria , Oxazinas/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Plantas Medicinais/uso terapêutico , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ubiquinona/farmacologiaRESUMO
Four bacteria, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes eutrophus, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus were isolated from crude oil polluted soils using anthracene as the sole carbon and energy source. All the organisms utilized n-hexadecane, n-tetradecane, diesel oil, engine oil and naphthalene as sole carbon sources. None could utilize hexane, cycloheptane, xylene, benzene, toluene, phenol, fluoranthene,and kerosene as carbon sources. Highest cell density obtained with 0.1% (w/v) anthracene were 4.5 x 10(7) (cfu/ml), 8.6 x 10(6) (cfu/ml), 5.4 x 10(6) and 2.4 x 10(6) (cfu/ml) respectively, for P. aeruginosa, A. eutrophus, B. subtilis and M. luteus after 30 days incubation. Growth of the organisms on a Nigerian crude oil resulted in a residual oil concentration of 22.2%, 33.3%, 39.3%, 44% and 91.7% respectively, for P. aeruginosa, A. eutrophus, B. subtilis, M. luteus and the noninoculated control on the 14 th day. Ring fission enzymes of the meta pathway were detected in induced cells of P. aeruginosa and A. eutrophus while ortho pathway enzymes were detected in B. subtilis and M. luteus. P. aeruginosa and A. eutrophus had specific catechol-2,3-dioxygenase activities of 3.8 +/- 0.183 and 0.64 +/- 0.032 micromol/min x mg protein respectively while catechol-1,2-dioxygenase activities of 1.95 +/- 0.029 and 1.89 +/- 0.026 micromol/min x mg protein were detected in B. subtilis and M. luteus respectively. This work, highlights the capability of these unreported tropical strains of A. eutrophus, B. subtilis and M. luteus as anthracene degraders.
Assuntos
Alcaligenes/metabolismo , Antracenos/metabolismo , Bacillus subtilis/metabolismo , Micrococcus luteus/metabolismo , Petróleo , Microbiologia do Solo , Poluentes do Solo , Alcaligenes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Bacillus subtilis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bacillus subtilis/isolamento & purificação , Biodegradação Ambiental , Micrococcus luteus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Micrococcus luteus/isolamento & purificação , Nigéria , Clima TropicalRESUMO
Two new oleanene-type triterpenoids, dillenic acids D and E, have been isolated from the leaves and stems of Dillenia papuana together with the new natural product 3-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. Together with these compounds, the known compound, betulinic acid (3 beta-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid) was isolated as the major component of the fractions studied. Dillenic acids D and E were characterized as 2,3-seco-2-oxoolean-12-en-3-methylester-30-oic acid and 1 alpha,3 beta-dihydroxyolean-12-en-30-oic acid and their nuclear magnetic resonance data were unambiguously assigned using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. A comparison of antibacterial activities of these compounds with the earlier reported dillenic acids A-C indicated that, aside from a double bond in gamma- or delta-position to a carboxylic group, a ketone function in ring A of an oleanene-skeleton may be required for the observed activity.