Hysteroscopic diode laser myolysis: from a case series to literature review of incisionless myolysis techniques for managing heavy menstrual bleeding in premenopausal women.

PURPOSE: This case series examined the safety and effectiveness of hysteroscopic myolysis using laser-induced interstitial thermo-therapy (LITT) for treating heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in premenopausal women with FIGO type 1 or 2 uterine fibroids, not planning for future fertility. Additionally, a comprehensive review of innovative, minimally invasive, incisionless myolysis techniques was conducted. METHODS: Women with HMB, sonographically diagnosed with a single FIGO type 1 or 2 fibroid, underwent hysteroscopic myolysis using the Leonardo® diode laser. Effectiveness was assessed via transvaginal ultrasound measurement of myoma size, volume and vascularization pre and post-procedure. Moreover, we also evaluated any improvements in symptoms using the Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart (PBAC score) scores. RESULTS: The procedure resulted in significant HMB reductions and noticeable fibroid size, volume, and vascularization decrease in all three patients, with no reported complications. The literature review revealed both advantages and limitations of the minimally invasive, incisionless myolysis techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Hysteroscopic laser myolysis is a safe and effective therapeutic intervention for patients experiencing HMB, diagnosed with FIGO type 1 or 2 fibroids, and not planning for future fertility. The procedure resulted in significant reductions in menstrual blood loss and fibroid size. Despite the promising results, it is essential to note the limitations of this report, including its case series design, a small number of patients, and a short follow-up period. Further research is necessary to confirm these results.

Efficacy of mifepristone plus Shenqi Yangxue Granulesfor hysteromyoma complicated with anemia and its effect on hemoglobin, erythrocytes and hematocrit.

To assess the clinical efficacy of mifepristone complicated with anemia and its effect on the hemoglobin, red blood cell, as well as hematocrit. Sixty patients with hysteromyoma complicated with anemia between December 2018 and December 2020 were recruited and assigned to receive either mifepristone (control group, n=30) or mifepristone plus Shenqi Yangxue Granules (experimental group, n=30) based on the admission order. The two groups were compared in clinical efficiency, incidence of adverse reactions, myoma volume, uterine volume, and clinical indicators. The experimental group got a notably higher total treatment efficiency than the control group (P<0.05). The experimental group obtained a remarkably lower incidence of adverse reactions and smaller myoma volume and uterine volume than the control group (P<0.05). Patients in the experimental group showed lower hemoglobin levels and higher hematocrit levels than the control group (P<0.05). Combined therapy of mifepristone plus Shenqi Yangxue Granules resulted in lower erythrocyte aggregation index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, in patients in the study group than those receiving mifepristone alone in the control group (P<0.05). Mifepristone plus Shenqi Yangxue Granules for patients with hysteromyoma complicated with anemia mitigates the clinical symptoms of patients and reduces the incidence of adverse reactions, with a high safety profile.

Uterine fibroids treatment: do we have new valid alternative? Experiencing the combination of vitamin D plus epigallocatechin gallate in childbearing age affected women.

OBJECTIVE: Uterine myomas are the most common benign tumors in females, and at least 25% of affected patients experience symptoms severe enough to need treatment, like heavy hemorrhage, pelvic pain, and infertility. Currently, a non-invasive approach is preferred in women of childbearing age who desire pregnancy. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of oral supplementation with a combination of vitamin D plus epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and vitamin B6 in women with myomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between April and December 2020, we enrolled 95 women of childbearing age, afferent to our hospital, displaying at least one myoma with a diameter <4 cm. Patients were divided in two groups: 41 women were treated daily with two tablets of 25 µg vitamin D + 150 mg EGCG + 5 mg vitamin B6 for 4 months; 54 women, representing the control group, received no treatment. Total volume and vascularization of myomas were analyzed ultrasonographically. Bleeding and pelvic pain was also evaluated, as well as patients' quality of life and health through questionnaire Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Patient Global Impression of improvement (PGI-I). RESULTS: After treatment myomas' total volume and peripherical vascularization significantly decreased respectively by 37.9% (p<0.001) and 7.7%. On the other hand, we observed an increase in myomas' volume by 5.5 % and of peripherical vascularization by 5% in the control group. The treated group reported an improvement in SF-36 (p<0.001) and PGI-I (85.4%) questionnaire scores. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated, in young women who want to preserve fertility, that the combined supplementation of vitamin D, EGCG, and vitamin B6 reduced myomas' volume and improved patients' quality of life, without side effects.

Lichong decoction inhibits micro-angiogenesis by reducing the expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in hysteromyoma mouse model.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of Lichong decoction (LD) from Traditional Chinese Medicine, on micro-angiogenesis in a mouse model of hysteromyoma. METHODS: A mouse model of hysteromyoma was developed by orthotopic intrauterine injection of primary human myoma cells isolated from patients from the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital into CB-17 Scid mice. Mice were administered high-dose LD, low-dose LD, mifepristone or water (control) daily by gavage for 4 weeks. Uterine diameter and coefficient (uterine weight/body weight) were measured. Uterine morphology was assessed by light microscopy (hematoxylin and eosin) and transmission electron microscopy. Serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Uterine protein expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, CD31 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemistry. VEGF and HIF-1α mRNAs were quantified by RT-PCR. RESULTS: High-dose LD, low-dose LD and mifepristone reduced uterine diameter and coefficient, and attenuated the morphologic abnormalities associated with hysteromyoma. High-dose LD, low-dose LD and mifepristone inhibited hysteromyoma-induced micro-angiogenesis, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of new microvessels co-immunostaining for CD31 and PCNA (P < 0.01). High-dose LD and mifepristone lowered serum levels of estradiol, progesterone and LH (P < 0.05). High-dose LD, low-dose LD and mifepristone down-regulated HIF-1α mRNA and protein expressions and VEGF mRNA expression (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The inhibition of hysteromyoma by LD may involve reductions in HIF-1α and VEGF expression and suppression of micro-angiogenesis.

Alternative Treatment Utilization Before Hysterectomy for Benign Gynecologic Conditions at a Large Integrated Health System.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate rates of utilization of alternative treatments before hysterectomy for benign gynecologic indications within a large integrated health care system. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent hysterectomies for benign gynecologic conditions between 2012 and 2014 (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a community-based integrated health system. PATIENTS: Women who underwent hysterectomy for a benign gynecologic condition between 2012 and 2014. INTERVENTIONS: From an eligible cohort of 6892 patients who underwent hysterectomy, a stratified random sample of 1050 patients were selected for chart review. Stratification was based on the proportion of indications for hysterectomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was the use of alternative treatments before hysterectomy. Alternative treatments included oral hormone treatment, leuprolide, medroxyprogesterone intramuscular injections, a levonorgestrel intrauterine device, hormonal subdermal implants, endometrial ablation, uterine artery embolization, hysteroscopy, and myomectomy. Of the 1050 charts reviewed, 979 (93.2%) met the criteria for inclusion in this study. The predominant indication for hysterectomy was symptomatic myomas (54.4%), followed by abnormal uterine bleeding (29.0%), endometriosis (5.8%), pelvic pain (3.1%), dysmenorrhea (3.4%), and other (4.3%). The major routes of hysterectomy were laparoscopy (68.7%) and vaginal hysterectomy (13.4%). Before hysterectomy, 81.2% of patients tried at least 1 type of alternative treatment (33.8% with 1 treatment and 47.4% with at least 2 treatments), and 99.3% of patients were counseled regarding alternative treatments. Compared with younger women age <40 years, women age 45 to 49 years were less likely to use alternative treatments before hysterectomy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.21-0.76). There were no variations in treatment rates by socioeconomic status or between major racial and ethnic groups. The final pathological analysis identified myomas as the most common pathology (n = 637; 65.1%); 96 patients (9.8%) had normal uterine pathology. CONCLUSION: More than 80% of patients received alternative treatments before undergoing hysterectomy for a benign gynecologic condition. Additional investigation is warranted to assess alternative treatment use as it relates to preventing unnecessary hysterectomies.

Efectividad de la combinación magnetoterapia/laserterapia/homeopatía en el tratamiento del mioma uterino / Effectiveness of magnetic therapy/laser therapy/homeopathy combination in the treatment of uterine myoma

Fundamento: el fibroma uterino constituye un problema de salud que afecta a las mujeres en edad reproductiva, los tratamientos electivos, basados en la cirugía y la embolización de la arteria uterina, aunque reportan éxito, son invasivos y riesgosos.Objetivo: evaluar los efectos del tratamiento combinado de la magnetoterapia con laserterapia y homeopatía en mujeres con mioma uterino, remitidas a la consulta de medicina natural y tradicional del policlínico universitario Rafael Izquierdo”, entre julio de 2015 y marzo de 2016.Métodos: se realizó una intervención en 25 mujeres entre 20 y 49 años, con diagnóstico de mioma uterino, en el periodo de tiempo y área antes mencionados. Las pacientes se distribuyeron al azar en dos grupos, al primero le fue aplicada la terapia combinada y al segundo el tratamiento hormonal (medroxiprogesterona). El seguimiento se hizo de forma clínica y por ultrasonograma, a los tres y seis meses después de culminar el tratamiento.Resultados: a los seis meses el grupo estudio redujo el tamaño del tumor en 21,34 mm3, más que el control; en este último, a los tres meses el 7,7 por ciento redujo intensamente el tumor, mientras en el 92,3 por ciento fue moderada; a los seis meses los pacientes con reducción intensa se incrementaron al 30,8 por ciento; en el grupo de estudio solo el 16,7 por ciento alcanzaron la reducción intensa del tumor. En la reducción del tamaño del útero no existieron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. La evolución clínica fue superior en el grupo control.Conclusiones: la terapia hormonal mostró mejores resultados clínicos y ultrasonográficos; en ambos tratamientos se demostró inocuidad (AU)

Background: uterine fibroma is a health problem that affects women in reproductive age. Elective treatments based on surgery and uterine arterial embolization, although successful, are invasive and risky.Objective: to assess the effects of a combined treatment with magnetic therapy, laser therapy and homeopathy in women with uterine myoma referred to the department of natural and traditional medicine at “Rafael Izquierdo” Teaching Polyclinic from July 2015 to March 2016.Methods: an intervention study was carried out with 25 women of the 20 to 49 age group with a diagnosis of uterine myoma, in the place and during the period herein mentioned. Patients were distributed at random into two groups. The first group received a combined therapy, while the second group received hormonal treatment (medroxiprogesterone). Follow-up was conducted clinically and by ultrasound, at 3 and 6 months after the end of the treatment. Results: at 6 months of treatment, the study group reduced the tumor size in 21, 34 mm3, more than in the control group; the latter, at 3 months, reduced the tumor intensively in 7,7 percent, while 92,3 percent was moderate. At 6 months, the patients with intense reduction increased to 30,8 percent. In the study group only 16,7 percent reached the intense reduction of the tumor. Concerning the reduction of the uterus size there were no remarkable differences between the two groups. Clinical progress was higher in the control group.Conclusions: Hormonal therapy showed better clinical and ultrasonographic results; both treatments were Harmless (AU)

Effect of Lichong decoction on expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-associated X protein mRNAs in hysteromyoma model rat.

OBJECTIVE: To study on effects of Lichong decoction on expression of apoptosis-controlling genes, Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) mRNAs in hysteromyoma tissue of the hysteromyoma model rat. METHODS: Fifty Wistar female rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a Lichong decoction group, a Guizifuling capsule group and a Mifepristone group. The hysteromyoma rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of exogenous estrin and progestogens. Pathological examination of uterine tissue, uterine coefficient and uterine transverse diameter were made under optic microscope and expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNAs in uterine tissue in the groups were detected with real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. RESULTS: After treatment, under microscope it was found that in the Lichong decoction group myometrium thinned, muscle fiber slightly overgrowth or long and thin, regular arrangement, inserting phenomenon of inner circular muscle and external longitudinal muscle was occasionally or not seen in the Lichong decoction group. The uterine coefficient and the uterine transverse diameter significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and Bcl-2 mRNA expression significantly decreased (P < 0.01) and Bax mRNA expression significantly increased in hysteromyoma tissue (P < 0.01) in the Lichong decoction group as compared with the model group. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic effects of Lichong decoction on hysteromyoma is related with decrease of Bcl-2 mRNA expression and increase of Bax mRNA expression.

[The gynecological TURP syndrome. Severe hyponatremia and pulmonary edema during hysteroscopy]. / Das gynäkologische "TUR-Syndrom". Schwere Hyponatriämie und Lungenödem während operativer Hysteroskopie.

Fluid overload and dilutional hyponatremia are rare but typical complications of endoscopic transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP syndrome). Less commonly, this complication caused by excessive absorption of hypotonic, electrolyte-free non-conductive distention solution, may also occur during endoscopic surgery of the uterus, e.g. operative hysteroscopy. A case report is presented of a 44-year-old woman scheduled for operative hysteroscopy for intracavital myoma under general anaesthesia, suffering from severe absorption syndrome leading to hyponatremia of 106 mEq/l and pulmonary edema necessitating subsequent admission to ICU. Anatomical and physiological as well as technical aspects of this syndrome are discussed. Recommendations for anesthesiology management are offered and a possible treatment of acute hyponatremia is discussed.

Induction of apoptosis by Hibiscus protocatechuic acid in human uterine leiomyoma cells / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: Hibiscus protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a food-derived polyphenol antioxidants used as a food additive and a traditional herbal medicine. In this study, PCA was to determine its effect on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in primary cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells. METHODS: The effect of PCA on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression was examined in the primary cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells. MTT reduction assay was carried out to determine the viability of uterine leiomyoma cells. Cell cycle analysis for Hibiscus protocatechuic acid treated leiomyoma cells was done by FACS analysis. DNA fragmentation assay was performed to determine fragmentation rate by PCA in leiomyoma cells. Western blot analysis was done using anti pRB, anti-p21(cip1/waf1), anti-p53, anti-p27(kip1), anti-cyclinE, anti CDK2 antibodies to detect the presence and expression of these proteins in PCA treated myoma cells. RESULTS: PCA induced growth inhibition in a dose dependent manner, treatment with 5 mmol/L PCA blocked 80% cell growth. FACS results showed that there was increased the percentage of cells in sub G1. DNA fragmentation assay by ELISA was done to find the rate of apoptosis. Apoptosis took place but in a dose dependent manner. From Western blot analysis it revealed PCA induced the expression of p21(cip1/waf1) and p27(kip1) increasingly and was not mediated by p53. Caspase-7 pathway was activated and dephosphorylation of pRB took place. CONCLUSION: In Conclusions, PCA, a polyphenol antioxidant, inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at sub G1 phase by enhancing the production of p21cip1/waf1 and p27kip1. These results indicate that PCA will be a promising agent for use in chemopreventive or therapeutics against human uterine leiomyoma.

Effect of Simotang oral liquid on anal exhaust in patients after abdominal gynecological operation.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Simotang oral liquid and glycerin enema on the patients' bowel sound (BS) restoration and anal exhaust after abdominal gynecological operation. METHOD: Ninety patients with benign tumor who had undergone gynecological operation were randomly divided into the Simotang group, treated after operation with Simotang oral liquid; the enema group, treated with glycerin enema, and the control group, non-treated. The restoration time of BS and anal exhaust were observed. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the restoration time of BS and anus exhaust were both significantly shorter in the Simotang group and the enema group, showing statistical significance (P < 0.05); but the difference between the two treated groups was insignificant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Simotang oral liquid and glycerine enema both could benefit the restoration of anal exhaust and BS after abdominal operation.

Effect of Simotang oral liquid on anal exhaust in patients after abdominal gynecological operation / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Simotang oral liquid and glycerin enema on the patients' bowel sound (BS) restoration and anal exhaust after abdominal gynecological operation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Ninety patients with benign tumor who had undergone gynecological operation were randomly divided into the Simotang group, treated after operation with Simotang oral liquid; the enema group, treated with glycerin enema, and the control group, non-treated. The restoration time of BS and anal exhaust were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the restoration time of BS and anus exhaust were both significantly shorter in the Simotang group and the enema group, showing statistical significance (P < 0.05); but the difference between the two treated groups was insignificant (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Simotang oral liquid and glycerine enema both could benefit the restoration of anal exhaust and BS after abdominal operation.</p>

La pre-menopause / Premenopause

La menopause proprement dite est precedee d'une periode d'environ 5 a 10 ans qui correspond au declin progressif de la fonction ovarienne. La consequence... (AU)

Autologous blood transfusion in the third trimester of pregnancy / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: Preoperative autologous blood donation aims at avoiding the risks associated with exposure to allogenic blood and transfusion related diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis. While its use is frequent in adult patients with elective surgery, it is still uncommon in pregnant women because its safety has not been established for mother and fetus. The aim of this study is to determine the safety and utility of autologous blood donation in the third trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: In this study, sixteen pregnant women with placenta previa, Rh negative or huge myoma underwent 24 phlebotomies according to an autologous transfusion program. Phlebotomies were performed at an average gestational age of 36+4 weeks (range 34-41 weeks). Maternal vital sign and fetal heart rate were monitored before, during and after phlebotomy. Hematocrit was statistically evaluated by paired t-test. RESULTS: During the phlebotomy, there was no remarkable change in fetal heart rate except one case with temporary fetal tachycardia. Furthermore, changes in mean maternal diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were not noted except one case with mild dizziness and diaphoresis. Change in mean maternal hematocrit between the initial donation and admission day for delivery was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The average interval from last donation to delivery was 9.8 day (2-20 day). Fetal outcomes were good in all cases. CONCLUSION: We concluded that preoperative autologous blood donation in pregnant woman in third trimester is safe for mother and fetus. So, if pregnant woman do not want to receive allogeneic transfusion, autologous blood transfusion might be the alternative method.

[Aromatase (P450AROM) mRNA expression in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium and aromatase activity in endometrial cancer tissue culture]. / Ekspresja genu P450AROM w prawidlowym, rozrostowym i nowotworowym endometrium oraz aktywnosc aromatazy w hodowli skrawków raka endometrium.

Aromatase (P450AROM) is the enzyme complex with converts testosterone to estradiol and androstendione to estrone. This enzyme was detected in various normal tissues and uterine pathology such as uterine myoma, endometrial cancer and endometriosis. The aim of the study was to estimate expression of P450AROM messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium, and the ability to convert androstenedione to estrone by endometrial cancer tissue. Normal endometrium was obtained from 16 (12 proliferative phase, 4 secretory phase) regularly cycling women after hysterectomy for myomas, hyperplastic endometrium (n = 5) and endometrial cancer (n = 5) from postmenopausal women. The ability to convert androstenedione to estrone was estimated in 16 cases of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women. P450AROM mRNA was measured by a quantitative assay based on reverse transcribing the mRNA into cDNA with reverse transcriptase (RT) then amplification of the cDNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mean (+/- SEM) expression of aromatase gene in proliferative endometrium was 84.4 +/- 14.0 pg mRNA/microgram DNA and in secretory endometrium 200.3 +/- 87.8 pg mRNA/microgram DNA. The mean (+/- SEM) P450AROM mRNA expression in endometrial hyperplasia was 92.9 +/- 17.8 pg mRNA/microgram DNA, in endometrial cancer was 14.3 +/- 7.7 pg mRNA/microgram DNA. Androstenedione to estrone conversion in endometrial cancer tissue culture was 252.5 +/- 91 fmol/g tissue/h. Our data confirm that human normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium do express P450AROM mRNA and that aromatase activity is present in endometrial cancer tissue.

Manejo de las masas anexiales en el Servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia del Hospital Escuela "Oscar Danilo Rosales A": Julio 1998- Junio 1999

Se realizó estudio de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado en el servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia del Hospital Escuela "Dr. Oscar Danilo Rosales A" en el período comprendido de julio 1998- junio19 99 a todas las pacientes con diagnostico de masa anexial ingresadas en el servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia. Se estudiarón un total de 39 pacientes que ingresarón al departamento de gineco-obstetricia con diagnóstico de Masa Anexial, el promedio de edad de las mujeres fue de 20-29 años 46.2 porciento, seguido del grupo de 30-39 años con 20.5 porciento y de 15-19 años 12.8 los sintomas más frecuentes fueron: dolor abdominal y sensación de peso en el 97.4 porciento, dismenorrea y dispareunía 82 porciento y malestar general y disuría. En la totalidad de las pacientes se encontró masa pélvica, sangrado transvaginal, fiebre y amenorrea, anemía, hirsutismo, perdida de peso. El medio diagnóstico utilizado fue el USG pelvico, radiografía de abdomen, pielografía intravenosa y colon por enema pero cabe destacar que el diagnóstico definitivo se obtiene con el apoyo del laboratorio anatomopatológico. Los quistes de ovario y embarazo ectópico fuerón los diagnosticos clínicos más frecuentes al igual que los principales hallazgos transoperatorios: La salpingo-oxforectomía

Autotransfusion Effects on Ora Contraceptive User with Anemic Leiomyomate / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Oral contraceptive user had less menstrual blood loss, which reduced the risk of iron deificiency anemia by 50%. The incidence of menorrhagia, irregular menses and intermenstrual bleeding is also singificantly reduced in the user of oral contraceptives. In most women with leiomyomas, low-dose oral contraceptive use provide the noncontraceptive benefit of a reduction of menstrual flow, with resultant improvement in hematocrit. So, we confirmed that anemic leiomyoma patients with oral contraceptive use showed autotransfusion effects given by preoperative administration orally during some period.

Expression of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor in Human Uterine Endometrial and Ovarian Tissues / 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) can cause regression of hormonedependent human tumors, including uterine endometrial and ovarian carcinomas. These effects were thought to be mediated through the inhibition of gonadotropic and steroid hormone from the hypothalamus. But, in addition to its classic hypophysiotropic action, Gn-RH might play a role as a modulator of activity in the brain and many peripheral organs. It has been reported that this analog has a direct inhibitory effect on the tumor and that the specific binding sites for Gn-RH were demonstrated in certain tumors responsive to Gn-RH. In support of a possible clinical use of Gn-RH analogs in the treatment of the endometrial and ovarian carcinomas, we tried to find out whether Gn-RH receptors are present on hormone dependent tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have studied endometrial and ovarian tumor specimens and established uterine endometrial and ovarian carcinoma cell lines for the presence of Gn-RH receptor by the detection of its messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). We also compared the results obtained from tumor tissue specimens with the results from their corresponding normal tissues. Gn-RH receptor mRNA was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers synthesized according to the published human Gn-RH receptor sequence. RESULTS: Gn-RH receptor mRNA was detected in all normal endometrium and abnormally proliferative endometrium presenting dysfunctional bleeding, but not all in endometrial carcinomas (83%). Tumor stage and histologic grading had no relationship with receptor positivity. And, Gn-RH receptor mRNA was detected in less than 40% in normal myometrium and myomas. Gn-RH receptor expression was detected in same frequencies (86%) in normal ovarian tissues and ovarian carcinomas. Receptors were detected in a high proportion of the specimens from epithelial carcinomas (92%) and stromal tumors (100%) of the ovary. But, Gn-RH receptor was not detected in germ-cell derived tumors of the ovary. Established endometrial carcinoma (CUME-1) and epithelial ovarian carcinoma (CUMO-2) cell lines also demonstrated Gn-RH receptor mRNA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of Gn-RH receptor raises the possibility that Gn-RH may play a direct regulatory role in the growth of hormone-dependent normal tissues and their respective tumors, and provides a possible point of attack for therapeutic approaches using Gn-RH analogs in endometrial and ovarian malignancies.