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1.
Nutrients ; 13(7)2021 Jun 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34202492

RESUMO

The classic ketogenic diet is a diet high in fat, low in carbohydrates, and well-adjusted proteins. The reduction in glucose levels induces changes in the body's metabolism, since the main energy source happens to be ketone bodies. Recent studies have suggested that nutritional interventions may modulate drug addiction. The present work aimed to study the potential effects of a classic ketogenic diet in modulating alcohol consumption and its rewarding effects. Two groups of adult male mice were employed in this study, one exposed to a standard diet (SD, n = 15) and the other to a ketogenic diet (KD, n = 16). When a ketotic state was stable for 7 days, animals were exposed to the oral self-administration paradigm to evaluate the reinforcing and motivating effects of ethanol. Rt-PCR analyses were performed evaluating dopamine, adenosine, CB1, and Oprm gene expression. Our results showed that animals in a ketotic state displayed an overall decrease in ethanol consumption without changes in their motivation to drink. Gene expression analyses point to several alterations in the dopamine, adenosine, and cannabinoid systems. Our results suggest that nutritional interventions may be a useful complementary tool in treating alcohol-use disorders.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Alcoolismo/dietoterapia , Dieta Cetogênica/psicologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/genética , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Adenosina/metabolismo , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Animais , Canabinoides/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dopamina/metabolismo , Etanol , Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Motivação/genética
2.
Genes Brain Behav ; 12(2): 275-81, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23146156

RESUMO

Knowledge about gene expression in animals involved in abnormal behaviors can contribute to the understanding of underlying biological mechanisms. This study aimed to explore the motivational background to tail biting, an abnormal injurious behavior and severe welfare problem in pig production. Affymetrix microarrays were used to investigate gene expression differences in the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex of pigs performing tail biting, pigs receiving bites to the tail and neutral pigs who were not involved in the behavior. In the hypothalamus, 32 transcripts were differentially expressed (P < 0.05) when tail biters were compared with neutral pigs, 130 when comparing receiver pigs with neutrals, and two when tail biters were compared with receivers. In the prefrontal cortex, seven transcripts were differently expressed in tail biters when compared with neutrals, seven in receivers vs. neutrals and none in the tail biters vs. receivers. In total, 19 genes showed a different expression pattern in neutral pigs when compared with both performers and receivers. This implies that the functions of these may provide knowledge about why the neutral pigs are not involved in tail biting behavior as performers or receivers. Among these 19 transcripts were genes associated with production traits in pigs (PDK4), sociality in humans and mice (GTF2I) and novelty seeking in humans (EGF). These are in line with hypotheses linking tail biting with reduced back fat thickness and explorative behavior.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Mordeduras e Picadas/genética , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica , Animais , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/genética , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Motivação/genética , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Piruvato Desidrogenase Quinase de Transferência de Acetil , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Suínos , Cauda/lesões , Fatores de Transcrição TFII/genética , Fatores de Transcrição TFII/metabolismo
3.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 33 Suppl 2: S3-7, 2009 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19528976

RESUMO

Recent work has advanced our knowledge of the neural pathways interfacing corticolimbic substrates of food motivation and reward with hypothalamic controls of food intake. As a neuroanatomical interface between limbic motivational processes, energy-sensing mechanisms in the mediobasal hypothalamus and motor output pathways, several studies draw attention to the lateral hypothalamus. Reviewed here are some highlights of the first session of the 11th International Symposium of the Merck-Frosst/CIHR Obesity Research Chair held in Quebec City on 5 November 2008 describing the neuroanatomical and neurochemical crosstalk between hypothalamic, midbrain and limbic sites and their role in energy balance.


Assuntos
Regulação do Apetite/fisiologia , Homeostase/fisiologia , Hipotálamo/fisiologia , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/psicologia , Regulação do Apetite/genética , Metabolismo Energético , Comportamento Alimentar , Homeostase/genética , Humanos , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Motivação/genética , Obesidade/genética , Quebeque , Recompensa , Transdução de Sinais
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