RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most aggressively malignant tumor in the bile duct system. The prognosis for patients with GBC is extremely poor. Ponicidin is a diterpenoid compound extracted and purified from the traditional Chinese herb Rabdosia rubescens, and showed promising anti-cancer effects in a variety of tumors. However, Ponicidin has not been investigated in GBC. METHODS: CCK-8, colony formation assay and EdU-488 DNA synthesis assay were performed to investigate the effect of Ponicidin on GBC cells proliferation. Cell invasion and migration assays and wound-healing assay were used to explore the effect of Ponicidin on invasion and migration ability of GBC cells. mRNA-seq was adopted to explore the underlying mechanisms. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were conducted to detect the protein level. CHIP assay and dual-luciferase assay were used to validate binding motif. Nude mouse model of GBC was used to assess the anti-tumor effect and safety of Ponicidin. RESULTS: Ponicidin inhibited the proliferation and cell invasion and migration of GBC cells in vitro. Moreover, Ponicidin exerted anti-tumor effects by down-regulating the expression of MAGEB2. Mechanically, Ponicidin upregulated the FOXO4 expression and promoted it to accumulate in nucleus to inhibit the transcript of MAGEB2. Furthermore, Ponicidin suppressed tumor growth in the nude mouse model of GBC with excellent safety. CONCLUSION: Ponicidin may be a promising agent for the treatment of GBC effectively and safely.
Assuntos
Diterpenos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar , Animais , Camundongos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/genética , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Camundongos Nus , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células , Movimento Celular , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Antígenos de Neoplasias , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMO
CONTEXT: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignant tumour of the biliary tract. Isoalantolactone (IAL), an active sesquiterpene lactone compound isolated from the roots of Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae), has antitumour effects. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effects of IAL on GBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro, NOZ and GBC-SD cells were treated with IAL (0, 10, 20 and 40 µM) for 24 h. The DMSO-treated cells were selected as a control. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were measured by the CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry and western blot. In vivo, subcutaneous tumour xenografts were constructed by injecting nude mice (BALB/C) with 5 × 106 NOZ cells. Mice were divided into the control group (equal amount of DMSO), the IAL group (10 mg/kg/day) and the IAL + Ro 67-7476 group (IAL, 10 mg/kg/day; Ro 67-7476, 4 mg/kg/day). The study duration was 30 days. RESULTS: Compared with the DMSO group, cell proliferation of NOZ (IC50 15.98 µM) and GBC-SD (IC50 20.22 µM) was inhibited by about 70% in the IAL 40 µM group. Migration and invasion were suppressed by about 80%. Cell apoptosis rate was increased about three-fold. The phosphorylation level of ERK was decreased to 30-35%. Tumour volume and weight (about 80% reduction) were suppressed by IAL in vivo. Moreover, the effects of IAL were abolished by Ro 67-7476 in vitro and in vivo. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that IAL could inhibit GBC progression in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the ERK signalling pathway.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar , Sesquiterpenos , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Camundongos Nus , Dimetil Sulfóxido/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células , ApoptoseRESUMO
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), with early metastasis and high recurrence rates, is an enormous threat to health. As an anthraquinones monomer of traditional Chinese medicine Hedyotis diffusa, 2-hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (HMA) has been reported to inhibit the growth of several cancers. But in our preliminary study, HMA could only weakly induce GBC cell apoptosis. To explore other possible mechanism underlying the inhibition effect of HMA on GBC, this proteomics analysis was performed. A proteomics analysis was performed on one GBC cell line bought from the China Life Science Cell Bank. Several computational techniques were merged to develop analysis for those differently expressed proteins. A comparative protein-protein interaction network analysis was carried out among the differently expressed proteins to identify the proteins potentially inhibiting GBC. Thus, a GO and KEGG analysis was performed to identify the signaling pathways underlying a potential therapeutic role for HMA. A total of 285 proteins were affected by HMA, including 187 upregulated and 98 downregulated. The subcellular localization of differently expressed proteins were identified, including 142 in nuclear, 67 in cytoplasm, 67 in extracellular matrix, 46 in plasma membrane, 13 in mitochondrion, 3 in lysosome, and 1 in cytoskeleton. HMA could regulate EGFR, FN1, PLG, PLAUR, LAMA3, HRG, THBS1, PLAT, KNG1, ENAM, SERPINE1, ECM1, interleukin-8, and trypsin in GBC. Most of the regulated proteins involve in cell migration. Pathways including PI3K-Akt, Wnt, HIF-1, focal adhesion, microRNAs were regulated by HMA. HMA was shown to be an inhibition agent for GBC development, and this analysis would contribute to the development of new anti-GBC drugs.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar , Antraquinonas/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Humanos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , ProteômicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gallbladder cancer has a high mortality rate and an increasing incidence. The current National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend resection for all T1b and higher-stage cancers. This study aimed to evaluate re-resection rates and the associated survival impact for patients with gallbladder cancer. METHODS: Patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma who underwent resection were identified from the National Cancer Database (2004-2015). Re-resection was defined as definitive surgery within 180 days after the first operation. Propensity scores were created for the odds of a patient having a re-resection. Patients were matched 1:2. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard methods. RESULTS: The study identified 6175 patients, and 466 of these patients (7.6%) underwent re-resection. Re-resection was associated with younger median age (65 vs 72 years; p < 0.0001), private insurance (41.6% vs 27.1%; p < 0.0001), academic centers (50.4% vs 29.7%; p < 0.0001), and treatment location in the Northeast (22.8% vs 20.4%; p = 0.0011). Compared with no re-resection, re-resection was associated with pT stage (pT2: 47.6% vs 42.8%; p = 0.0139) and pN stage (pN1-2: 28.1% vs 20.7%; p < 0.0001), negative margins on final pathology (90.1% vs 72.6%; p < 0.0001), and receipt of chemotherapy (53.7% vs 35.8%; p < 0.0001). The patients who underwent re-resection demonstrated significantly longer overall survival (OS) than the patients who did not undergo re-resection (median OS, 44.0 vs 23.0 months; p < 0.0001). After propensity score-matching, re-resection remained associated with superior survival (median OS, 44.0 vs 31.0 months; p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Re-resection for gallbladder cancer is associated with improved survival but remains underused, particularly for early-stage disease.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Idoso , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Humanos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Pontuação de Propensão , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Importance: Gallbladder polyps (GP) are found in more than 4% of adult abdominal ultrasonographs. Their growth pattern and association with gallbladder cancer (GBC) are poorly defined. Objective: To determine the growth pattern of GPs and their association with GBC. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study included 622â¯227 adult members (ie, aged 18 years or older) of Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated health care delivery system, enrolled between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2014. The GBC cohort comprised a total of 365 adults with GBC and prior ultrasonography, and the GP cohort comprised 35â¯970 adults with GPs present on ultrasonography. Data analysis was performed from March 2016 to November 2019. Exposures: Gallbladder polyps (quantitative size, <6 mm, 6 to <10 mm, and ≥10 mm or qualitative size [ie, tiny, small, moderate, and large]). Main Outcomes and Measures: For the GBC cohort, proportion of patients with GBC with polyps identified on preceding ultrasonograph. For the GP cohort, rates of GBC among those with polyps according to size and rate of GP growth of at least 2 mm over time. Results: The GBC cohort comprised 365 individuals (267 [73.1%] women; 173 [47.4%] white patients; median [interquartile range] age, 71 [61-79] years). After excluding 14 patients who did not have evaluation of polyp size, the final GP cohort comprised 35â¯856 adults, with 18â¯645 (52.0%) women, a median (interquartile range) age 50 (40-60) years, and 15â¯573 (43.3%) white patients. Gallbladder polyps were found in 22 patients (6.0%) in the GBC cohort and in 35â¯870 of 622â¯227 adults (5.8%) who underwent abdominal ultrasonography. Of these, 19 (0.053%) were diagnosed with GBC, similar to those without GP (316 of 586â¯357 [0.054%]). The unadjusted GBC rate per 100â¯000 person-years was 11.3 (95% CI, 6.2-16.3) overall and increased with polyp size, from 1.3 (95% CI, 0-4.0) with initial size of less than 6 mm (n = 17â¯531) to 128.2 (95% CI, 39.4-217.0) with initial size of 10 mm or larger (n = 2055). In those observed for at least 1 year, the rate was 3.6 (95% CI, 0.7-6.5) per 100â¯000 person-years. In 6359 patients with evaluable follow-up, unadjusted cumulative probabilities of polyp growth of at least 2 mm at 10 years were 66.2% (95% CI, 62.3%-70.0%) in polyps initially less than 6 mm and 52.9% (95% CI, 47.1%-59.0%) in polyps initially 6 mm to less than 10 mm. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, GBC rates were low and similar among patients with and without GPs. Growth of 2 mm or more appeared to be part of GP natural history. The results call into question the strategy of proactively following GP to detect GBC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Pólipos/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , California , Feminino , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pólipos/diagnóstico por imagem , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy in biliary tract with extremely poor prognosis. Photothermal therapy (PTT) shows great promises for tumor therapy, which causes tumor cell death via selectively directed heating released by nanoparticles under the near-infrared irradiation. Through degrading damaged organelles and misfolded proteins in autophagosomes, autophagy plays a vital role in maintaining the intracellular homeostasis. The present study attempted to combine chemotherapy and autophagy blocking with PTT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We purchased multi-walled carbon nanotubes from Nanostructured and Amorphous Materials and performed PTT using an 808-nm diode laser. The cytotoxic effects of PTT and chemotherapy in vitro were assessed by cell viability analysis. The effects of PTT and chemotherapy on autophagy in vitro were assessed by GFP-LC3 and Western blot. And these results were confirmed by in vivo experiment. RESULTS: Both PTT and chemotherapy could trigger cytoprotective autophagy to tolerate the cellular stresses and prolong the survival of GBC cell; therefore, the blocking of autophagy could enhance the efficacy of PTT and chemotherapy in GBC treatment in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine could enhance the efficacy of nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia in GBC.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/terapia , Hipertermia Induzida/métodos , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloroquina/administração & dosagem , Cloroquina/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Feminino , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Humanos , Hipertermia Induzida/instrumentação , Raios Infravermelhos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a complication that occurs after radiotherapy for head or neck malignancies. ORN of the spine is rare, with only few cases affecting the cervical spine reported to date. To our knowledge, no case of lumbar ORN has been reported. We report a rare case of ORN in the lumbar spine that occurred 2 years after radiotherapy and perform a literature review. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of lumbar ORN that occurred 2 years after radiotherapy for gallbladder carcinoma. The patient was successfully treated conservatively and followed up for > 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: ORN of the spine is a rare complication of radiotherapy. Spinal ORN is clinically described as a chronic disease with a slow onset. The most common presenting symptom of spinal ORN is pain. However, as ORN progresses, spinal kyphosis and instability can lead to neurological compression and thus to induced myelopathy or radiculopathy. Treatment of spinal ORN is comprehensive, including orthosis, medication, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, surgery, and new treatment combinations of pentoxifylline and tocopherol. The surgical rate for spinal ORN is relatively high.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/radioterapia , Vértebras Lombares/efeitos da radiação , Osteorradionecrose/etiologia , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral/etiologia , Feminino , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Humanos , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteorradionecrose/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteorradionecrose/terapia , Radioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral/terapia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It was hitherto common practice to analyse each removed gallbladder for the presence of gall bladder cancer (GBC) although this approach may be questioned. The aim of this study was to determine whether a policy of selective histopathological analysis (Sel-HPA) is oncologically safe and cost effective. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in a single Dutch teaching hospital. Immediately following cholecystectomy, the surgeon decided on the basis of inspection and palpation whether histological examination was indicated. The Dutch Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL) registry was used to identify the number of GBC during this time period. RESULTS: Of 2271 patients who underwent a cholecystectomy in our institution between January 2012 and December 2017, 1083 (47.7%) were deemed indicated for histopathological analysis. Sixteen pathological gallbladders (1.5%) were identified in that period (intestinal metaplasia, nâ¯=â¯3; low grade dysplasia nâ¯=â¯7; carcinoma nâ¯=â¯6). During follow-up, no patient was found to have GBC recurrence in the population whose gallbladder was not sent for pathology (52.3%, nâ¯=â¯1188, median 49 months of follow up). The percentage of gallbladders that were analysed decreased over the six years of observation from 83% to 38%. Our policy of Sel-HP saved over 65 000. CONCLUSIONS: A policy of selective histopathology after cholecystectomy is oncologically safe and reduces costs.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Colecistectomia , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Pólipos/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma/patologia , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica , Colecistite Aguda/cirurgia , Colecistolitíase/cirurgia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Feminino , Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Metaplasia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos , Seleção de Pacientes , Pólipos/diagnóstico por imagem , Pólipos/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the common malignancy of the bile tract system with extremely poor clinical outcomes, owing to its metastatic property and intrinsic resistance to the first-line drugs. Although it is well-established that cholesterol abnormity contributes to gallstone formation, a leading risk factor for GBC, the link of cholesterol homeostasis with GBC has not been investigated. The present study systematically examined the genes implicated in cholesterol homeostasis, and revealed altered gene expressions of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis and sterol sulfonation (SULT2B1), reduced bile acid synthesis (CYP7B1 and CYP39A1) and impaired sterol efflux (ABCA1, ABCG5, LCAT, and CETP) in GBC tissues. Suppression of cholesterol biosynthesis by lovastatin inhibited GBC cell proliferation possibly through attenuating the DNA repair process. Further investigation revealed lovastatin sensitized GBC cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis and suppressed the activation of CHK1, CHK2, and H2AX during DNA damage response. By using chemically distinct statins, HMGCR depletion or supplementing mevalonate, the product of HMGCR, we showed the inhibitory effects on DNA repair process of lovastatin were due to the blockage of the mevalonate pathway. Subcutaneous xenograft mice model suggested lovastatin promoted the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin, and significantly prolonged the survival times of tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, HMGCR ablation repressed tumor growth in vivo, which can be rescued partially by restored expression of HMGCR, suggesting the on-target effects of lovastatin. Therefore, our study provides the clinical relevance of cholesterol homeostasis with GBC progression, and highlights a novel intervention of combined use of lovastatin and cisplatin for GBC.
Assuntos
Colesterol/genética , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Cálculos Biliares/tratamento farmacológico , Transportador 1 de Cassete de Ligação de ATP/genética , Membro 5 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Colesterol/biossíntese , Proteínas de Transferência de Ésteres de Colesterol/genética , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Família 7 do Citocromo P450/genética , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Reparo do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/genética , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Cálculos Biliares/genética , Cálculos Biliares/patologia , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Fosfatidilcolina-Esterol O-Aciltransferase/genética , Fatores de Risco , Esteroide Hidroxilases/genética , Sulfotransferases/genéticaRESUMO
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common and aggressive cancer of the biliary tract. Liensinine has been proved to have hypotensive effect. However, the effect of liensinine on GBC is still unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of liensinine in human GBC cells. Cell viability assay and colony formation assay were performed to assess cell growth and proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis was used to investigate cell cycle apoptosis in vitro. Hoechst 33342 staining was also used to evaluate cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression of proteins corresponding to the related cell cycle and apoptosis. The effect of liensinine treatment in vivo was experimented with xenografted tumors. We found that liensinine significantly inhibited the growth of GBC cells both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, cell growth and proliferation were significantly suppressed by liensinine in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In vivo, liensinine inhibited tumor growth. Liensinine could induce GBC cells G2/M phase arrest by up-regulating the levels of Cyclin B1 and CDK1 proteins. Liensinine also affected GBC cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis by down-regulating phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and Zinc finger X-chromosomal protein (ZFX) proteins. Liensinine induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis in gallbladder cancer, suggesting that liensinine might represent a novel and effective agent against gallbladder cancer.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Pontos de Checagem da Fase G2 do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Isoquinolinas/farmacologia , Fenóis/farmacologia , Proteínas/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodos , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Humanos , Isoquinolinas/química , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Estrutura Molecular , Nelumbo/química , Fenóis/química , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismoRESUMO
Biliary tract carcinomas (BTCs) are among the most aggressive malignancies and have a poor prognosis. Here, we successfully established organoid lines derived from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. These organoids derived from BTCs were cultured stably for >1 year and closely recapitulated the histopathology, gene expression, and genetic alterations evident in the primary tumors. Gene expression profiling of the organoids revealed that SOX2 could be a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with BTC. We screened a compound library consisting of drugs used clinically for their ability to suppress organoids derived from BTCs and found that the antifungal drugs amorolfine and fenticonazole significantly suppressed the growth of organoids derived from BTCs with minimal toxicity to normal biliary epithelial cells. Patient-derived organoids may be a powerful research tool for the clarification of molecular pathogenesis and the discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic drugs for refractory cancers.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/patologia , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/patologia , Colangiocarcinoma/patologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Organoides/patologia , Animais , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/metabolismo , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/patologia , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/metabolismo , Colangiocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Colangiocarcinoma/metabolismo , Feminino , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/metabolismo , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos SCID , Mutação , Organoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Organoides/metabolismo , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas , Transcriptoma , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoAssuntos
Afatinib/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy in the biliary tract. Without effective treatment, its prognosis is notoriously poor. Tea polyphenols (TPs) have many pharmacological and health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-thrombotic, antibacterial, and vasodilatory properties. However, the anti-cancer effect of TPs in human gallbladder cancer has not yet been determined. Cell viability and colony formation assay were used to investigate the cell growth. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of proteins related to cell cycle and apoptosis. Human tumor xenografts were used to examine the effect of TPs on gallbladder cancer cells in vivo. TPs significantly inhibited cell growth of gallbladder cancer cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell cycle progression in GBC cells was blocked at the S phase by TPs. TPs also induced mitochondrial-related apoptosis in GBC cells by upregulating Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP expressions and downregulating Bcl-2, cyclin A, and Cdk2 expressions. The effects of TPs on GBC were further proven in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. Our study is the first to report that TPs inhibit GBC cell growth and these compounds may have potential as novel therapeutic agents for treating gallbladder cancer.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Camellia sinensis/química , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Fase S/efeitos dos fármacos , Chá/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy in the biliary tract. Without effective treatment, its prognosis is notoriously poor. Tea polyphenols (TPs) have many pharmacological and health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-thrombotic, antibacterial, and vasodilatory properties. However, the anti-cancer effect of TPs in human gallbladder cancer has not yet been determined. Cell viability and colony formation assay were used to investigate the cell growth. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of proteins related to cell cycle and apoptosis. Human tumor xenografts were used to examine the effect of TPs on gallbladder cancer cells in vivo. TPs significantly inhibited cell growth of gallbladder cancer cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell cycle progression in GBC cells was blocked at the S phase by TPs. TPs also induced mitochondrial-related apoptosis in GBC cells by upregulating Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP expressions and downregulating Bcl-2, cyclin A, and Cdk2 expressions. The effects of TPs on GBC were further proven in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. Our study is the first to report that TPs inhibit GBC cell growth and these compounds may have potential as novel therapeutic agents for treating gallbladder cancer.
Assuntos
Humanos , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Camellia sinensis/química , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Fase S/efeitos dos fármacos , Chá/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Xenoenxertos , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificaçãoAssuntos
Adenomioma/patologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Yin-Yang , Adenomioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenomioma/cirurgia , Adulto , Biópsia , Colangiopancreatografia por Ressonância Magnética , Colecistectomia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Currently, there is no validated therapeutic target for biliary tract cancer (BTC). This study aimed to investigate the pre-clinical and clinical implication of HER2 as a therapeutic target in BTC. We established two novel HER2-amplified BTC cell lines, SNU-2670 and SNU-2773, from gallbladder cancer patients. SNU-2670 and SNU-2773 cells were sensitive to trastuzumab, dacomitinib, and afatinib compared with nine HER2-negative BTC cell lines. Dacomitinib and afatinib led to G1 cell cycle arrest in SNU-2773 cells and apoptosis in SNU-2670 cells. Furthermore, dacomitinib, afatinib, and trastuzumab showed synergistic cytotoxicity when combined with some cytotoxic drugs including gemcitabine, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and 5-fluorouracil. In a SNU-2670 mouse xenograft model, trastuzumab demonstrated a good anti-tumor effect as a monotherapy and in combination with gemcitabine increasing apoptosis. In our clinical data, 13.0% of patients with advanced BTC were defined as HER2-positive. Of these, three patients completed HER2-targeted chemotherapy. Two of them demonstrated a partial response, and the other one showed stable disease for 18 weeks. In summary, these pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that HER2 could be a therapeutic target, and that a HER2-targeting strategy should be developed further in patients with HER2-positive advanced BTC.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Receptor ErbB-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18/administração & dosagem , Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/genética , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Amplificação de Genes , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do Tratamento , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the role of adjuvant therapy in stage I-III gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients who have undergone R0 resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data were collected on 441 consecutive patients who underwent R0 resection for stage I-III GBC. Eligible patients were classified into adjuvant therapy and surveillance only groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) between the two groups was performed, adjusting clinical factors. RESULTS: In total, 84 and 279 patients treated with adjuvant therapy and followed up with surveillance only, respectively, were included in the analysis. Before PSM, the 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate was lower in the adjuvant therapy group than in the surveillance only group (50.8% vs. 74.8%, p < 0.001), although there was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate (66.2% vs. 79.5%, p=0.089). After the PSM, baseline characteristics became comparable and there were no differences in the 5-year RFS (50.8% vs. 64.8%, p=0.319) and OS (66.2% vs. 70.4%, p=0.703) rates between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant therapy is not indicated in stage I-III GBC patients who have undergone R0 resection.
Assuntos
Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos , Terapia Combinada , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Fluoruracila/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/radioterapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/radioterapia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Pontuação de Propensão , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Magnolol, the major active compound found in Magnolia officinalis has a wide range of clinical applications due to its anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects. This study investigated the effects of magnolol on the growth of human gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) cell lines. The results indicated that magnolol could significantly inhibit the growth of GBC cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Magnolol also blocked cell cycle progression at G0 /G1 phase and induced mitochondrial-related apoptosis by upregulating p53 and p21 protein levels and by downregulating cyclin D1, CDC25A, and Cdk2 protein levels. When cells were pretreated with a p53 inhibitor (pifithrin-a), followed by magnolol treatment, pifithrin-a blocked magnolol-induced apoptosis and G0 /G1 arrest. In vivo, magnolol suppressed tumor growth and activated the same mechanisms as were activated in vitro. In conclusion, our study is the first to report that magnolol has an inhibitory effect on the growth of GBC cells and that this compound may have potential as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of GBC.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/farmacologia , Pontos de Checagem da Fase G1 do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Lignanas/farmacologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclina D1/biossíntese , Quinase 2 Dependente de Ciclina/biossíntese , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Fosfatases cdc25/biossínteseRESUMO
Baicalein, a widely used Chinese herbal medicine, has multiple pharmacological activities. However, the precise mechanisms of the anti-proliferation and anti-metastatic effects of baicalein on gallbladder cancer (GBC) remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the anti-proliferation and anti-metastatic effects of baicalein and the related mechanism(s) on GBC. In the present study, we found that treatment with baicalein induced a significant inhibitory effect on proliferation and promoted apoptosis in GBC-SD and SGC996 cells, two widely used gallbladder cancer cell lines. Additionally, treatment with baicalein inhibited the metastasis of GBC cells. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that baicalein inhibited GBC cell growth and metastasis via down-regulation of the expression level of Zinc finger protein X-linked (ZFX). In conclusion, our studies suggest that baicalein may be a potential phytochemical flavonoid for therapeutics of GBC and ZFX may serve as a molecular marker or predictive target for GBC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/patologia , Regulação para Baixo , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Flavanonas/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/genética , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavanonas/química , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos Nus , Metástase Neoplásica/prevenção & controle , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since sorafenib has shown activity in different tumour types and gemcitabine regimens improved the outcome for biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients, we evaluated first-line gemcitabine plus sorafenib in a double-blind phase II study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 102 unresectable or metastatic BTC patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of gallbladder or intrahepatic bile ducts, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2 were randomised to gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 once weekly, first 7-weeks+1-week rest followed by once 3-weeks+1-week rest) plus sorafenib (400 mg twice daily) or placebo. Treatment continued until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Tumour samples were prospectively stained for sorafenib targets and potential biomarkers. Serum samples (first two cycles) were measured for vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1)α by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Gemcitabine plus sorafenib was generally well tolerated. Four and three patients achieved partial responses in the sorafenib and placebo groups, respectively. There was no difference in the primary end-point, median progression-free survival (PFS) for gemcitabine plus sorafenib versus gemcitabine plus placebo (3.0 versus 4.9 months, P=0.859), and no difference for median overall survival (OS) (8.4 versus 11.2 months, P=0.775). Patients with liver metastasis after resection of primary BTC survived longer with sorafenib (P=0.019) compared to placebo. Patients who developed hand-foot syndrome (HFS) showed longer PFS and OS than patients without HFS. Two sorafenib targets, VEGFR-2 and c-kit, were not expressed in BTC samples. VEGFR-3 and Hif1α were associated with lymph node metastases and T stage. Absence of PDGFRß expression correlated with longer PFS. CONCLUSION: The addition of sorafenib to gemcitabine did not demonstrate improved efficacy in advanced BTC patients. Biomarker subgroup analysis suggested that some patients might benefit from combined treatment.