RESUMO
Yunnan Baiyao is a traditional Chinese herbal remedy that has long been used for its characteristics of wound healing, bone regeneration, and anti-inflammation. However, the effects of Yunnan Baiyao on the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and the potential mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the odonto/osteogenic differentiation effects of Yunnan Baiyao on SCAPs and the underlying mechanisms involved. SCAPs were isolated and cocultured with Yunnan Baiyao conditioned media. The proliferation ability was determined by cell counting kit 8 and flow cytometry. The differentiation capacity and the involvement of NF-κB pathway were investigated by alkaline phosphatase assay, alizarin red staining, immunofluorescence assay, real-time RT-PCR, and western blot analyses. Yunnan Baiyao conditioned medium at the concentration of 50 µg/mL upregulated alkaline phosphatase activity, induced more mineralized nodules, and increased the expression of odonto/osteogenic genes/proteins (e.g., OCN/OCN, OPN/OPN, OSX/OSX, RUNX2/RUNX2, ALP/ALP, COL-I/COL-I, DMP1, DSP/DSPP) of SCAPs. In addition, the expression of cytoplasmic phos-IκBα, phos-P65, and nuclear P65 was significantly increased in Yunnan Baiyao conditioned medium treated SCAPs in a time-dependent manner. Conversely, the differentiation of Yunnan Baiyao conditioned medium treated SCAPs was obviously inhibited when these stem cells were cocultured with the specific NF-κB inhibitor BMS345541. Yunnan Baiyao can promote the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Papila Dentária/metabolismo , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacologia , Papila Dentária/citologia , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Células-Tronco/citologiaRESUMO
Recent studies on functional tissue regeneration have focused on substances that favor cell proliferation and differentiation, including the bioactive phenolic compounds present in grape seed extract (GSE). The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the stimulatory potential of GSE in the functional activity of undifferentiated pulp cells and odontoblast-like cells. OD-21 and MDPC-23 cell lines were cultivated in odontogenic medium until subconfluence, seeded in 24-well culture plates in a concentration of 2x104/well and divided into: 1) OD-21 without GSE; 2) OD-21+10 µg/mL of GSE; 3) MDPC-23 without GSE; 4) MDPC-23+10 µg/mL of GSE. Cell proliferation, in situ detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein content were assessed after 3, 7 and 10 days, and mineralization was evaluated after 14 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA statistical tests set at a 5% level of significance. Results revealed that cell proliferation increased after 10 days, and protein content, after 7 days of culture in MDPC-23 cells. In situ ALP staining intensity was higher in undifferentiated pulp cells and odontoblast-like cells after 7 and 10 days, respectively. A discrete increase in MDPC-23 mineralization after GSE treatment was observed despite OD-21 cells presenting a decrease in mineralized nodule deposits. Data suggest that GSE favors functional activity of differentiated cells more broadly than undifferentiated cells (OD-21). More studies with different concentrations of GSE must be conducted to confirm its benefits to cells regarding dentin regeneration.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Polpa Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/farmacologia , Odontoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Dentina/citologia , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Abstract Recent studies on functional tissue regeneration have focused on substances that favor cell proliferation and differentiation, including the bioactive phenolic compounds present in grape seed extract (GSE). The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the stimulatory potential of GSE in the functional activity of undifferentiated pulp cells and odontoblast-like cells. OD-21 and MDPC-23 cell lines were cultivated in odontogenic medium until subconfluence, seeded in 24-well culture plates in a concentration of 2x104/well and divided into: 1) OD-21 without GSE; 2) OD-21+10 µg/mL of GSE; 3) MDPC-23 without GSE; 4) MDPC-23+10 µg/mL of GSE. Cell proliferation, in situ detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein content were assessed after 3, 7 and 10 days, and mineralization was evaluated after 14 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA statistical tests set at a 5% level of significance. Results revealed that cell proliferation increased after 10 days, and protein content, after 7 days of culture in MDPC-23 cells. In situ ALP staining intensity was higher in undifferentiated pulp cells and odontoblast-like cells after 7 and 10 days, respectively. A discrete increase in MDPC-23 mineralization after GSE treatment was observed despite OD-21 cells presenting a decrease in mineralized nodule deposits. Data suggest that GSE favors functional activity of differentiated cells more broadly than undifferentiated cells (OD-21). More studies with different concentrations of GSE must be conducted to confirm its benefits to cells regarding dentin regeneration.
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Polpa Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/farmacologia , Odontoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Tempo , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Dentina/citologia , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the potential of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) to promote odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization by dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) seeded inside bioceramic scaffolds. Mg-based, Zn-doped bioceramic scaffolds, synthesized by the sol-gel technique, were spotted with DPSCs and exposed to LLLI at 660 nm with maximum output power of 140 mw at fluencies (a) 2 and 4 J/cm2 to evaluate cell viability/proliferation by the MTT assay and (b) 4 J/cm2 to evaluate cell differentiation, using real-time PCR (expression of odontogenic markers) and a p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP)-based assay for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were used for structural/chemical characterization of the regenerated tissues. Exposure of the DPSCs/scaffold complexes to the proposed LLLI scheme was associated with statistically significant increase of odontogenesis-related markers (bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2): 22.4-fold, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP): 28.4-fold, Osterix: 18.5-fold, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2): 3.4-fold). ALP activity was significantly increased at 3 and 7 days inside the irradiated compared to that in the non-irradiated SC/DPSC complexes, but gradually decreased until 14 days. Newly formed Ca-P tissue was formed on the SC/DPSC complexes after 28 days of culture that attained the characteristics of bioapatite. Overall, LLLI treatment proved to be beneficial for odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization of DPSCs inside the bioceramic scaffolds, making this therapeutic modality promising for targeted dentin engineering.
Assuntos
Calcificação Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Magnésio/farmacologia , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco/citologia , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Forma Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Cerâmica/farmacologia , Subunidade alfa 1 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/metabolismo , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Células-Tronco/ultraestruturaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on hydrogel scaffolds derived from bone extracellular matrix (bECM) in comparison to those seeded on collagen I (Col-I), one of the main components of dental pulp ECM. METHODS: DPSCs isolated from human third molars were characterized for surface marker expression and odontogenic potential prior to seeding into bECM or Col-I hydrogel scaffolds. The cells were then seeded onto bECM and Col-I hydrogel scaffolds and cultured under basal conditions or with odontogenic and growth factor (GF) supplements. DPSCs cultivated on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) with and without supplements were used as controls. Gene expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1) and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and mineral deposition was observed by Von Kossa staining. RESULTS: When DPSCs were cultured on bECM hydrogels, the mRNA expression levels of DSPP, DMP-1 and MEPE genes were significantly upregulated with respect to those cultured on Col-I scaffolds or TCPS in the absence of extra odontogenic inducers. In addition, more mineral deposition was observed on bECM hydrogel scaffolds as demonstrated by Von Kossa staining. Moreover, DSPP, DMP-1 and MEPE mRNA expressions of DPSCs cultured on bECM hydrogels were further upregulated by the addition of GFs or osteo/odontogenic medium compared to Col-I treated cells in the same culture conditions. SIGNIFICANCE: These results demonstrate the potential of the bECM hydrogel scaffolds to stimulate odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
Assuntos
Matriz Óssea/química , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Polpa Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidrogéis/química , Células-Tronco/efeitos dos fármacos , Alicerces Teciduais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Colágeno Tipo I/química , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Polpa Dentária/metabolismo , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/genética , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicoproteínas/genética , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidrogéis/farmacologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/farmacologia , Dente Molar , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Odontogênese/genética , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Poliestirenos/química , Cultura Primária de Células , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Sialoglicoproteínas/genética , Sialoglicoproteínas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/citologia , Células-Tronco/metabolismoRESUMO
Fluoride-releasing restorative dental materials can be beneficial to remineralize dentin and help prevent secondary caries. However, the effects of fluoride release from dental materials on the activity of dental pulp stem cells are not known. Here we investigate whether different fluoride release kinetics from dental resins supplemented with modified hydrotalcite (RK-F10) or fluoride-glass filler (RK-FG10) could influence the behavior of a human dental pulp stem cell subpopulation (STRO-1(+) cells) known for its ability to differentiate toward an odontoblast-like phenotype. The 2 resins, characterized by similar physicochemical properties and fluoride content, exhibited different long-term fluoride release kinetics. Our data demonstrate that long-term exposure of STRO-1(+) cells to a continuous release of a low amount of fluoride by RK-F10 increases their migratory response to transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), both important promoters of pulp stem cell recruitment. Moreover, the expression patterns of dentin sialoprotein (dspp), dentin matrix protein 1 (dmp1), osteocalcin (ocn), and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (mepe) indicate a complete odontoblast-like cell differentiation only when STRO-1(+) cells were cultured on RK-F10. On the contrary, RK-FG10, characterized by an initial fluoride release burst and reduced lifetime of the delivery, did not elicit any significant effect on both STRO-1(+) cell migration and differentiation. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of taking into account fluoride release kinetics in addition to fluoride concentration when designing new fluoride-restorative materials.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/farmacocinética , Materiais Dentários/química , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Fluoretos/farmacocinética , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidróxido de Alumínio/química , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Quimiocina CXCL12/farmacologia , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Humanos , Cinética , Hidróxido de Magnésio/química , Osteocalcina/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Saliva Artificial/química , Sialoglicoproteínas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/citologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/farmacologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of genipin, a natural collagen cross-linking agent, on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) because the mechanical properties of collagen allow it to serve as a scaffold for engineering of pulp-dentin complex. Furthermore, the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was investigated as a mediator of the differentiation. METHODS: The odontogenic differentiation was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase activity, real time-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and alizarin red S staining. The morphologic features of hDPCs cultured in genipin-treated collagen were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. For the assessment of mechanical properties of collagen treated with genipin, the surface roughness and compressive strength were measured. RESULTS: Alkaline phosphatase activity, the expression of odontogenic markers, and mineralized nodule formation increased in the genipin-treated group. Genipin also activated ERK, and treatment with ERK inhibitor blocked the expression of the markers. The cells cultured in genipin-treated collagen spread across the substrate and attached in close proximity to one another. The proliferation and differentiation of hDPCs cultured in genipin-treated collagen were facilitated. The mechanical properties of collagen, such as surface roughness and compressive strength, were increased by treatment with genipin. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that genipin promotes odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs via the ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, the enhanced mechanical properties of the collagen scaffold induced by genipin may play important roles in cell fate. Consequently, the application of genipin might be a new strategy for dentin-pulp complex regeneration.
Assuntos
Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/farmacologia , Polpa Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Iridoides/farmacologia , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno , Polpa Dentária/citologia , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/antagonistas & inibidores , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Humanos , Rubiaceae/químicaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Pulp necrosis in immature teeth and the resulting periodontal apical inflammation negatively affect root formation. Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is a lipid-derived endogenous pro-resolution molecule that controls inflammation. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of RvE1 applied as an intracanal medication on root formation in nonvital immature teeth. METHODS: To arrest root development, pulpectomy was performed in the lower first molars of 4-week-old Wistar rats. After 3 weeks, irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 0.9% sterile saline was performed, and either a triple antibiotic paste (TAP) or RvE1 in saline was applied into the root canals. In the control group, access openings drilled into molars were left exposed to the oral environment. Root development and periapical repair were evaluated radiographically and histologically at 3 and 6 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: RvE1 reduced periapical lesion size compared with the control at 3 weeks, which was similar to TAP. Inflammatory response in the RvE1-treated group was markedly reduced compared with both TAP and control specimens. At 6 weeks, root development was observed in both groups, but RvE1 treatment produced less cellularity with more regular calcified tissue deposition. CONCLUSIONS: RvE1 and TAP had a positive impact on reducing inflammation and promoting root formation. RvE1 was more effective in reducing inflammation at earlier stages. RvE1 has potential to be used as root canal dressing to control inflammation in endodontically compromised teeth before complete root formation. Stability of RvE1 within the root canal and its delivery are issues to be addressed before its clinical use.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Cavidade Pulpar/efeitos dos fármacos , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/análogos & derivados , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Raiz Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Dente não Vital/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Minociclina/uso terapêutico , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Periodontite Periapical/terapia , Pulpectomia/métodos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Hipoclorito de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Calcificação de Dente/efeitos dos fármacos , Raiz Dentária/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) play an important role in the dentin formation, reparation and tooth tissue engineering. This study investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferation, odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs and revealed the underlying molecular mechanisms. [³H]-thymidine incorporation assay and cell cycle analysis were applied to investigate the proliferation of hDPSCs after the treatment of ginsenoside Rg1. Immunocytochemistry analysis and fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) were performed to evaluate the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Gene and protein expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) were detected by FQ-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Roche Nimblegen Whole Human Genome Expression profile microarray was used to detected representative gene expression profiles of hDPSCs by ginsenoside Rg1. The results indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly increased hDPSCs proliferation (p<0.05). Gene expressions of DSPP, ALP, OCN, BMP-2, FGF2 and protein expressions of BMP-2 and FGF2 were increased compared with the untreated group (p<0.05). Gene expression profile analysis revealed that 2059 differentially expressed genes were detected by ginsenoside Rg1. Ginsenoside Rg1 promoted the proliferation and differentiation of hDPSCs through alteration of gene expression profiles.
Assuntos
Polpa Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Ginsenosídeos/farmacologia , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Panax/química , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Transcriptoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Polpa Dentária/metabolismo , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Humanos , Odontogênese/genética , Osteogênese/genética , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Sex hormone receptors are reported to be present in human dental pulp (HDP) cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the biological significance of oestrogen and androgen receptors (ER and AR, respectively) in HDP cells. DESIGN: We isolated HDP cells expressing ER- and AR-mRNAs and investigated the expression status of the receptors and the response to sex hormones in the cells. RESULTS: HDP cells expressing ER- and/or AR-mRNAs had the ability to form alizarin red S-positive nodules in which calcium and phosphorus were deposited in vitro and to differentiate into odontoblasts-like cells and dentine-like tissue in vivo. Individual clones isolated from HDP cells exhibited a different expression pattern of mRNA for ER and AR. Some clones expressed ERα- and/or ERß-mRNAs and the others coexpressed ER- and AR-mRNAs. Using the Ingenuity software, we found that 17ß-estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) could act directly on HDP cells through ER-or androgen signalling-mediated mechanisms. E2 or DHT stimulated the mRNA expression for genes related to odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth and odontoblast differentiation, suggesting that ER and AR in HDP cells may be involved in dentinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide new insights into the biological significance of sex hormone receptors in HDP cells.
Assuntos
Androgênios/farmacologia , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Estrogênios/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Receptores Androgênicos/análise , Receptores de Estrogênio/análise , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Calcificação Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Transplante de Células/métodos , Células Cultivadas , Criança , Polpa Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/citologia , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentinogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Di-Hidrotestosterona/farmacologia , Estradiol/farmacologia , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/análise , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/análise , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Camundongos , Odontoblastos/fisiologia , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Fósforo/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Androgênicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Estrogênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the enamel matrix derivative (EMD) biomaterial in nonvital immature teeth. METHODS: To arrest root development, pulpectomies were performed in the lower first molars of 36 4-week-old rats; the cavities were left exposed to the oral environment for 3 weeks. Then, chemical disinfection was performed, and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) or EMD was applied in the root canals. A control group did not receive any treatment. Radiographic and histological data were evaluated after 3 and 6 weeks. RESULTS: At 3 weeks, TAP promoted a milder inflammatory response and increased root lengths compared with the control group. At 6 weeks, root development and reduced periapical lesions could be observed in both test groups, mainly because of the deposition of a cementum-like tissue. EMD promoted narrower canals compared with TAP (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: EMD deserves attention as a potential tool in the treatment of nonvital immature teeth. The ingrowth of cementum-like tissues into canal spaces favored dental wall thickness and may contribute to tooth resistance and support.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Esmalte Dentário/uso terapêutico , Cavidade Pulpar/efeitos dos fármacos , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/terapia , Periodontite Periapical/terapia , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Ápice Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Dente não Vital/terapia , Animais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Cementogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciprofloxacina/administração & dosagem , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Cemento Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Cavidade Pulpar/diagnóstico por imagem , Cavidade Pulpar/patologia , Dentina Secundária/efeitos dos fármacos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Masculino , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Minociclina/administração & dosagem , Minociclina/uso terapêutico , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Periapical/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Radiografia Dentária Digital , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Caries incidence and prevalence have decreased significantly over the last few decades due to the widespread use of fluoride. However, an increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis has been reported simultaneously in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities. Dental fluorosis occurs due to excessive fluoride intake during the critical period of tooth development. For the permanent maxillary central incisors, the window of maximum susceptibility to the occurrence of fluorosis is the first 3 years of life. Thus, during this time, a close monitoring of fluoride intake must be accomplished in order to avoid dental fluorosis. This review describes the main sources of fluoride intake that have been identified: fluoridated drinking water, fluoride toothpaste, dietary fluoride supplements and infant formulas. Recommendations on how to avoid excessive fluoride intake from these sources are also given.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/administração & dosagem , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Fluorose Dentária/etiologia , Pré-Escolar , Suplementos Nutricionais , Fluoretação , Humanos , Lactente , Fórmulas Infantis/administração & dosagem , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Cremes Dentais/administração & dosagemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have shown that zinc chloride (ZnCl(2)) can induce metallthionein (MT) in the liver and kidney to protect tissues against toxicants and shows a better corneal wound healing than conventional drugs do. We hypothesized that ZnCl(2) can promote odontogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) via MT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ZnCl(2) on human DPSCs and the expression of MT. METHODS: DPSCs were isolated by flow cytometry with selective surface marker CD146 and STRO-1. After they grew into confluence, DPSCs were induced into odontoblasts with or without ZnCl(2) supplemented in the culture medium for 21 days. The effect of ZnCl(2) on DPSCs differentiation was examined followed by alkaline phosphatase staining/activity and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: By treating DPSCs with ZnCl(2), the duration of mineralization was shortened and expressions of differentiation markers into odontoblasts were more significant than those without ZnCl(2) stimulation. Besides, the MT gene expression was increased with the increasing expressions of odontoblasts' markers after treated with ZnCl(2). CONCLUSION: This was the first report that ZnCl(2) could promote odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs through the up-regulation of gene MT.
Assuntos
Cloretos/farmacologia , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Metalotioneína/efeitos dos fármacos , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/farmacologia , Células-Tronco/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Zinco/farmacologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Polpa Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Polpa Dentária/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Odontoblastos/citologia , Odontoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Odontoblastos/metabolismo , Valores de Referência , Células-Tronco/citologia , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Vitamin D is required for the normal development of teeth and bones. When there is excess vitamin D, systemic and dental changes may occur. This is a case report of a girl who experienced hypercalcemia secondary to excess vitamin D derived from the consumption of milk that was incorrectly fortified. The changes in the permanent dentition to date are enamel hypoplasia and focal pulp calcification. These changes correspond to the timing of the toxemia caused by hypervitaminosis D.
Assuntos
Colecalciferol/efeitos adversos , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/induzido quimicamente , Calcificações da Polpa Dentária/induzido quimicamente , Hipercalcemia/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Desenvolvimento Ósseo/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Feminino , Alimentos Fortificados/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Leite/efeitos adversos , Nefrocalcinose/induzido quimicamente , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Calcificação de Dente/efeitos dos fármacos , Descoloração de Dente/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Examinations of prenatal fluoride supplemented (PNF) teeth in an animal model and in a five-month human fetus find these teeth to be more developed than the non-supplemented controls. The fact that PNF allows teeth to develop to their full potential suggests that PNF could be an essential nutrient for the entire human and this could be demonstrated most easily during rapid fetal growth. A review of the recent literature, including trials by NIH and The World Health Organization, provide evidence that fluoride (F) does allow the fetus to grow and develop to its full potential. The authors conclude that PNF must be supplied in at least a 2 mg/day pulse dose, and then F must be given from shortly after birth in a daily amount appropriate for the weight of the child with some consideration for the amount of F water utilized.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluoretos/uso terapêutico , Ameloblastos/citologia , Animais , Peso Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cricetinae , Esmalte Dentário/embriologia , Papila Dentária/embriologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Músculos Faciais/embriologia , Feminino , Fluoretação , Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Incisivo/embriologia , Mandíbula/embriologia , Odontoblastos/citologia , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , GravidezRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of actinomycin D on the developing hamster tooth germ in organ culture. Hamster tooth germs during early secretory amelogenesis were exposed in vitro for 24 h to 10(-9) M-5 x 10(-5) M actinomycin D. Actinomycin D dose-dependently (> or = 10(-7) M) decreased the tooth germ dry weight but mineralization was affected only by doses > or = 10(-5) M. However, the uptakes of TCA-insoluble 32P and [3H]thymidine were significantly reduced dose-dependently from > or = 10(-8) M actinomycin D, indicating that the drug inhibits the synthesis of phosphate-containing macromolecules as well as DNA synthesis. Histologically, 10(-8) M actinomycin D was the lowest dose which was not toxic to any cell type in the developing tooth germ. At 10(-7) M actinomycin D, the most sensitive cells were the proliferating pre-odontoblasts followed by pre-ameloblasts; the mature secretory ameloblasts and odontoblasts appeared unaffected. Higher doses resulted in increased cytotoxicity to the secretory cells and, eventually, total degeneration of most cells. The data suggest that children treated for cancer during tooth development using anti-chemotherapy cocktails containing actinomycin D (serum levels > 10(-7) M) may develop defects later on in the mature dentition as a direct consequence of the toxicity of the drug to the tooth organ.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Dactinomicina/efeitos adversos , Germe de Dente/efeitos dos fármacos , Ameloblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Amelogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Cálcio/metabolismo , Radioisótopos de Cálcio , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cricetinae , DNA/biossíntese , DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Dactinomicina/administração & dosagem , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Dente Molar , Odontoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Tamanho do Órgão , Fósforo/metabolismo , Radioisótopos de Fósforo , Solubilidade , Timidina/metabolismo , Calcificação de Dente/efeitos dos fármacos , Germe de Dente/citologia , Ácido Tricloroacético , TrítioRESUMO
The effects of growth hormone, its mediator insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and fetal calf serum on odontogenesis were compared to those of serum-free medium. Explanted, 16-day, fetal mouse first molar tooth germs in early bell stage were grown on semisolid, serum-free medium supplemented with ascorbic and retinoic acids. Recombinant human growth hormone at 50 or 100 ng/ml, IGF-I at 100 or 200 ng/ml, or fatal calf serum at 20% concentration were added to the media. Volumetric changes in serial sections of six tooth germs per treatment over 3 days of treatment (4, 5, 6 days in vitro) were compared by digitized morphometry. Mitotic indices were also compared and the cell densities of the dental papillae recorded. Qualitative ratings of differentiation were ascribed to each tooth germ by light microscopy. Differences in volume, mitotic activity and cell densities were found. The growth hormone-treated tooth germs were not larger than the serum-free ones but had increased mitotic indices and higher cell densities in the dental papillae. IGF-I-treated tooth germs had larger volumes than with all other treatments, e.g. germs treated with 200 ng/ml of IGF-I, after 6 days in culture, were significantly larger than with all other treatments (p<0.01-<0.001). Whilst IGF-I-treated germs displayed the greatest extent of differentiation, growth hormone-treated germs also showed advanced differentiation compared to those on serum-free medium. These results suggest that growth hormone and IGF-I are involved in odontogenesis of murine teeth in vitro by affecting mitotic activity, tissue volume and cell differentiation. In conjunction with previous immunohistochemical studies that show expression of growth hormone receptor and IGF-I in developing teeth, these results provide evidence that both growth hormones and its mediator play a part in odontogenesis.
Assuntos
Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/farmacologia , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Somatostatina/farmacologia , Germe de Dente/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Sangue , Bovinos , Contagem de Células , Diferenciação Celular , Meios de Cultura , Meios de Cultura Livres de Soro , Papila Dentária/citologia , Papila Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Humanos , Camundongos , Mitose , Dente Molar , Odontometria , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/genética , Receptores de Somatostatina/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Somatostatina/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Germe de Dente/citologiaRESUMO
Dams were fed normal laboratory chow until delivery. At birth, the litters were combined, and eight pups were randomly assigned to each dam. Dams with the recombined litters were divided into two groups. Dams of group 1 were fed a 20% protein diet as a control; dams of group 2 were fed a 20% protein diet supplemented with caffeine (2 mg/100 g of the dam's weight). On day 22, the dams of group 2 were anaesthetized with ether. They were injected with 2 iu of oxytocin in order to collect milk. Blood was collected from pups and dams to determine its caffeine concentration. The first and second molars were removed from each pup's mandible and maxilla. Radiographs were taken of 10 randomly selected first or second molars from each group. Four randomly selected molars from each litter were placed in a specially designed chamber and bathed with a constant flow of acid solution to determine the amount of mineral dissolved from the enamel surfaces. The remaining non-acid exposed molars were pulverized in freezer mills. A small portion of this powder was then analysed for the total amount of minerals. No differences were found in the radiographic density of enamel between the groups. The amount of dissolved calcium, phosphorus and magnesium from enamel surfaces in the caffeine group was consistently greater than that of the non-caffeine group in the first molars, whereas, in the second molars, there was no difference between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Cafeína/farmacologia , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Cafeína/administração & dosagem , Cafeína/análise , Cafeína/sangue , Cálcio/análise , Esmalte Dentário/química , Esmalte Dentário/diagnóstico por imagem , Solubilidade do Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Lactação , Magnésio/análise , Leite/análise , Dente Molar , Fósforo/análise , Radiografia , Ratos , Zinco/análiseRESUMO
Finland is poor in selenium. Selenium deficit leads to muscular dystrophy in animals. Since 1962, selenium has been added in Finland to some animal foodstuffs, since 1968 to all animal foodstuffs. Addition of selenium to fertilizers started in 1984. Intake of selenium by man and cattle today is roughly 1.0 times higher than it was before selenium supplementation. Collagen is the most important component of the organic matrix of the tooth. Selenium can replace sulphur in bonds of collagen. The resulting bond is stronger than a sulphur bond. Since selenium supplementation, the conditions of the teeth of children and young people has improved considerably. The author believes that selenium supplementation has reduced the incidence of caries in young Finns.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Dieta , Selênio/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Ração Animal/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fertilizantes/análise , Finlândia , Humanos , Lactente , Odontogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Selênio/análise , Selênio/deficiência , Selênio/farmacologiaRESUMO
In mineralizing dental tissues the non-specific alkaline phosphatase, using paranitrophenylphosphate (p-NPP) as substrate, is also capable of splitting inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). In contrast to the p-NPP-ase part of the enzyme, the PPi-ase part requires Zn2+ as a cofactor for its hydrolytic activity. The PPi-ase activity of the enzyme can be inhibited by cadmium ions (Cd2+), perhaps by replacing Zn2+ from the active site of the enzyme molecule. In addition to splitting PPi, the PPi-ase part of the enzyme may also be involved in the phosphorylation process of yet undetermined organic macromolecules. Cd2+ inhibits this phosphorylation process. Inhibition of the PPi-ase activity can also be accomplished by ascorbic acid known for its capacity to complex bivalent cations. Ascorbic acid may accordingly also remove Zn2+ from the active site of the PPi-ase. It is suggested that in developing dental tissues alkaline phosphatase is not only associated with the transport of phosphate ions towards the mineralization front, but is also involved in the phosphorylation of organic macromolecules, a process activated the PPi-ase part of the enzyme.