RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inducing oxidative stress under hyperthermic conditions significantly decreases tumor cell growth in a murine model of human colon cancer carcinomatosis. This phase I study examines the safety and pharmacokinetics of induced oxidative stress by the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the perfusate in patients undergoing cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for advanced abdominal-only malignancies. METHODS: Patients with advanced colon or appendiceal malignancies underwent maximal cytoreduction followed by HIPEC with mitomycin C (MMC). In addition, H2O2 was added to the perfusate at three concentrations (n = 3/level, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 %). A control group consisted of patients perfused with MMC alone (n = 3). Perfusate, serum MMC, and H2O2 levels were measured, as were tissue levels of MMC. RESULTS: Twelve patients were enrolled onto this trial. The median (range) peritoneal carcinomatosis index was 13 (3-20) requiring a median operative time of 6.3 (4-8.5) h. The median postoperative length of stay was 9 (5-34) days, with six patients requiring readmission within 30 days. Similar complications were observed at all three H2O2 levels, as well as in the control group. One patient required reexploration for a colon perforation (control group), and three patients developed enterocutaneous fistulas (0.075 % H2O2, 0.1 % H2O2 and control group). There were no operative mortalities. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with induced oxidative stress after maximal cytoreduction is well tolerated. On the basis of the encouraging toxicity profile after cytoreduction and HIPEC with induced oxidative stress, a phase II trial to verify activity is indicated.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Apêndice/patologia , Carcinoma/terapia , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/administração & dosagem , Hipertermia Induzida , Oxidantes/administração & dosagem , Estresse Oxidativo , Neoplasias Peritoneais/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/sangue , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Carcinoma/secundário , Feminino , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/efeitos adversos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacocinética , Hipertermia Induzida/efeitos adversos , Infusões Parenterais , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mitomicina/administração & dosagem , Mitomicina/sangue , Mitomicina/farmacocinética , Duração da Cirurgia , Oxidantes/efeitos adversos , Oxidantes/farmacocinética , Readmissão do Paciente , Neoplasias Peritoneais/secundárioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In any context of iron supplementation in the prenatal prophylaxis or therapeutic dosage range, a large amount will remain unabsorbed and pass through the intestinal tract into the colonic digesta possibly causing increased oxidation. AIM: To compare the generation of fecal reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ after daily consumption of 100 mg of elemental iron in three frequently used forms of iron supplements. METHODS: Ten healthy, iron-repleted adult males were investigated before and during supplementation with three oral iron compounds: 100 mg of oral iron were given as ferrous sulfate, Na Fe-EDTA and iron polymaltose for 6 days to each subject in an individually stratified sequence. Stool samples were collected and analyzed for iron content and the in situ generation of fecal ROS. RESULTS: Significant increases in fecal ROS generation were observed during oral iron supplementation. No statistical differences were seen in either residual concentrations of non-heme iron in stool or the level of fecal ROS generation between the three Fe compounds. There was, however, a significant association between the iron concentration in the stool and ROS generation. CONCLUSION: In spite of the differences in their chemical characteristics, none of the three distinct iron complexes reduced oxidative stress in the intestinal lumen.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Fezes/química , Hematínicos/farmacocinética , Ferro da Dieta/farmacocinética , Ferro/análise , Oxidantes/farmacocinética , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/análise , Adolescente , Adulto , Antioxidantes/análise , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Ácido Edético/administração & dosagem , Compostos Férricos/administração & dosagem , Compostos Ferrosos/administração & dosagem , Hematínicos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Ferro da Dieta/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxidantes/efeitos adversos , Estresse Oxidativo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Quercetin is a unique dietary polyphenol because it can exert biphasic dose-responses on cells depending on its concentration. Cancer preventative effects of quercetin are observed at concentrations of approximately 1-40 microM and are likely mediated by quercetin's antioxidant properties. Pro-oxidant effects are present at cellular concentrations of 40-100 microM. However, at higher concentrations, many novel pathways in addition to ROS contribute to its effects. The potent bioactivity of quercetin has led to vigorous study of this compound and revealed numerous pathways that could interact synergistically to prevent or treat cancer. The effect of intake and concentration on emerging pathways and how they may interact are discussed in this review.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/dietoterapia , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Quercetina/farmacologia , Quercetina/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Suplementos Nutricionais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Concentração Osmolar , Oxidantes/efeitos adversos , Oxidantes/farmacocinética , Oxidantes/farmacologia , Oxidantes/uso terapêutico , Quercetina/efeitos adversos , Quercetina/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
The authors summarize the role of essential macro metal elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg) in human body: their homeostasis, absorption, transport, storage and excretion. Metabolism of macro-elements, daily requirements, cause of metal deficiencies and diseases caused by deficiencies are also discussed. Messenger and prooxidant effect of Ca2+-ions, indirect antioxidant effect of Mg2+-ions and the adjuvant application of magnesium are also reviewed.
Assuntos
Cálcio da Dieta/farmacocinética , Deficiências Nutricionais/metabolismo , Canais Iônicos/metabolismo , Compostos de Magnésio/farmacocinética , Potássio na Dieta/farmacocinética , Sódio na Dieta/farmacocinética , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Transporte Biológico Ativo , Cálcio/deficiência , Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo , Cálcio da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Cálcio da Dieta/metabolismo , Deficiências Nutricionais/diagnóstico , Humanos , Absorção Intestinal , Transporte de Íons/fisiologia , Compostos de Magnésio/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Magnésio/metabolismo , Deficiência de Magnésio/metabolismo , Oxidantes/farmacocinética , Canais de Potássio/metabolismo , Deficiência de Potássio/metabolismo , Potássio na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Potássio na Dieta/metabolismo , Sódio/deficiência , Canais de Sódio/metabolismo , Sódio na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Sódio na Dieta/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to quantify the penetration of 35% hydrogen peroxide into enamel and dentine and to relate this to the resultant shade change of the tooth. METHOD: The crowns of 24 caries and developmental defect free human maxillary incisors were stained internally with a standardised tea solution. Twelve specimens were power bleached with light activated 35% hydrogen peroxide and 12 placed in water; both exposure times were 30min. Three different shade assessment methods (Vita shade guide [SG], shade vision system [SVS] and a chromometer) were employed prior to, after tea staining and after power bleaching/water treatments. Twelve specimens each from the bleach group and the water control water group were sectioned mesio-distally. An additional 12 specimens from the bleach and the control group were sectioned labio-palatally. The stain area for each specimen was measured using image analysis software. RESULTS: With tea staining, the mean changes in Vita shade guide units (SGU) ranged from 3.66 to 8.33. With the SVS system changes of 3.66-9 units were seen. Chromometer readings showed that following bleaching the L* values moved in the direction of black (3.8-6.7) and a* and b* values were in the red (0.3) and yellow (1.5) direction, respectively. Samples bleached and sectioned mesio-distally showed stain coverage of 28.6-39.4%, while palatal sections showed stain coverage of 58-72%. Control samples, whether sectioned mesio-distally or labio-palatally, showed staining throughout the dentine (97-100% coverage). CONCLUSION: A 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleaching gel demonstrated bleaching into dentine of uniform depth.