RESUMO
Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) has various biomedical applications in traditional oriental medicine for different diseases including inflammatory and immune-dysregulated diseases. It is a reservoir of nutritional components such as cordycepin, polysaccharides, and antioxidants. To improve its bioactivity, we fermented C. militaris with a Pediococcus pentosaceus strain isolated from a salted small octopus (SC11). The current study aimed to evaluate whether P. pentosaceus (SC11) fermentation could enhance the anti-allergic potential of C. militaris cultured on germinated Rhynchosia nulubilis (GRC) against a type I hypersensitive reaction in in vitro and in vivo studies. Total antioxidant capacity and cordycepin content were significantly increased in GRC after SC11 fermentation. GRC-SC11 showed significantly enhanced anti-allergic responses by inhibiting immunoglobulin E (IgE)/antigen-induced degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells, compared to GRC. The results demonstrated the significant inhibition of phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)/ p38/GRB2-associated binding protein 2 (Gab2)/c-jun in IgE/Ag-triggered RBL-2H3 cells. Furthermore, suppressed mRNA levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in IgE/Ag-activated RBL-2H3 cells were observed. GRC-SC11 significantly ameliorated IgE-induced allergic reactions by suppressing the ear swelling, vascular permeability, and inflammatory cell infiltration in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) BALB/c mice. In conclusion, GRC fermented with P.pentosaceus exerted enhanced anti-allergic effects, and increased the cordycepin content and antioxidants potential compared to GRC. It can be used as bio-functional food in the prevention and management of type I allergic diseases.
Assuntos
Antialérgicos/metabolismo , Cordyceps/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidade/microbiologia , Lactobacillales/metabolismo , Pediococcus pentosaceus/metabolismo , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fermentação , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/terapia , Imunoglobulina E/metabolismo , Mastócitos/imunologia , Mastócitos/microbiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
Constipation is a prevalent and burdensome gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that seriously affects the quality of human life. This study evaluated the effects of the P. pentosaceus B49 (from human colostrum) on loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation in mice. Mice were given P. pentosaceus B49 (5 × 109 CFU or 5 × 1010 CFU) by gavage daily for 14 days. The result shows that P. pentosaceus B49 treatment relieved constipation in mice by shortening the defecation time, increasing the GI transit rate and stool production. Compared with the constipation control group, the P. pentosaceus B49-treated groups showed decreased serum levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters (vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide), increased serum levels of excitatory neurotransmitters (acetylcholinesterase, motilin, and gastrin), and elevated cecal concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Analysis of cecal microbiota reveals that P. pentosaceus B49 was colonized in the intestine of constipated mice, and altered the cecal microbiota by increasing beneficial SCFAs-producing bacteria (i.e., Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and Bacteroidales_S24-7) and decreasing potential pathogenic bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus and Helicobacter). Moreover, transcriptome analysis of the colon tissue shows that P. pentosaceus B49 partly normalized the expression of genes related to GI peristalsis (i.e., Ache, Chrm2, Slc18a3, Grp, and Vip), water and electrolyte absorption and transport (i.e., Aqp4, Aqp8, and Atp12a), while down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-oncogenic genes (i.e., Lbp, Lgals2, Bcl2, Bcl2l15, Gsdmc2, and Olfm4) in constipated mice. Our findings indicate that P. pentosaceus B49 effectively relieves constipation in mice and is a promising candidate for treating constipation.
Assuntos
Colo/metabolismo , Colostro/microbiologia , Constipação Intestinal/induzido quimicamente , Constipação Intestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Constipação Intestinal/microbiologia , Pediococcus pentosaceus/metabolismo , Acetilcolinesterase , Animais , Bactérias , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Fezes , Gastrinas , Trânsito Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Trânsito Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Hormônios/sangue , Humanos , Intestinos , Loperamida/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Leite Humano/microbiologia , Motilina , Neurotransmissores/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo , Pediococcus pentosaceus/genética , Pediococcus pentosaceus/isolamento & purificação , Peristaltismo/genética , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , TranscriptomaRESUMO
Wild ginseng is known to contain additional physiologically and pharmacologically active substances than common ginseng. The utilization of this herb can be maximized by altering its composition via tissue culture generating adventitious roots. We enriched the content of specific ginsenosides and investigated their role in ameliorating memory impairment. Cultured wild ginseng root was subjected to extraction, steaming, and fermentation using Pediococcus pentosaceus HLJG0702 to enhance the levels of ginsenosides Rg5 /Rk1. The analysis of product, HLJG0701, confirmed target ginsenosides. We analyzed the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg5/Rk1, HLJG0701 and the raw material on acetylcholinesterase. Further, we performed Morris water maze, Y-maze, and passive avoidance tasks with mice exhibiting memory deficit induced by scopolamine, and we analyzed the concentrations of acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine in their brains. Studies showed that the levels of ginsenosides Rg5 /Rk1, not found in the raw material, were enhanced in HLJG0701. Ginsenosides and HLJG0701 significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase unlike the raw material. In all behavioral tasks, HLJG0701 showed memory improvement. It reduced acetylcholinesterase, whereas, it preserved acetylcholine in brain. In conclusion, cultured wild ginseng root extract fermented by P. pentosaceus HLJG0702 contains the distinctive ginsenosides Rg5/Rk1, which may ameliorate memory impairment via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase resulting in increased acetylcholine levels in the brain.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Ginsenosídeos/farmacologia , Transtornos da Memória/prevenção & controle , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Panax/metabolismo , Pediococcus pentosaceus/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Animais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/isolamento & purificação , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fermentação , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/metabolismo , Ginsenosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Memória/psicologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Panax/microbiologia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , EscopolaminaRESUMO
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a progressive disease involving the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. In this study, we investigated the anti-hepatosteatosis effects of fermented Cordyceps militaris extract (CME) in AML-12 hepatocytes. Although the levels of adenosine and cordycepin were reduced in the extracts of CM grown on germinated soybean (GSCE) and fermented CM grown on germinated soybean (GSC) by Pediococcus pentosaceus ON188 (ON188E), the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) genes were upregulated only by GSC-ON188E treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, a lipogenic gene, stearoyl Coenzyme A desaturase 1, was downregulated by ON188E. Formation of intracellular lipid droplets by the addition of oleic acid was reduced by ON188E to levels observed in WY14643-treated cells. When cells were treated with ON188E, sphingosine kinase 2 mainly responsible for hepatic sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) synthesis was upregulated and S1P was elevated. Collectively, the fermented GSC extract activates FAO through elevation of S1P synthesis and has potential as a therapeutic for hepatosteatosis.
Assuntos
Cordyceps/química , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Cordyceps/metabolismo , Fermentação , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Lisofosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/enzimologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Pediococcus pentosaceus/metabolismo , Fosfotransferases (Aceptor do Grupo Álcool)/genética , Fosfotransferases (Aceptor do Grupo Álcool)/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Esfingosina/análogos & derivados , Esfingosina/metabolismo , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase/genética , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase/metabolismoRESUMO
In this work, quinoa and buckwheat cooked seeds were fermented by two autochthonous strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the corresponding seeds, namely Lactobacillus paracasei A1 2.6 and Pediococcus pentosaceus GS·B, with lactic acid chemically acidified seeds as control. The impact of cooking and fermentation on the comprehensive phenolic profile of quinoa and buckwheat seeds was evaluated through untargeted ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). Samples were analyzed also for in vitro antioxidant capacity (as FRAP and ORAC assays) and total phenolic content (TPC). The in vitro spectrophotometric assays highlighted that the microbial fermentation was more efficient in increasing (pâ¯<â¯.05) the TPC and in vitro antioxidant potential in quinoa cooked seeds. However, an increase (pâ¯<â¯.05) in TPC and ORAC radical scavenging was observed in both pseudocereals after the different cooking processes (i.e., boiling or toasting). The untargeted phenolic profiling depicted the comprehensive phenolic composition in these matrices. Raw seeds of both pseudocereals possessed a similar phenolic content (4.4â¯gâ¯kg-1 equivalents; considering free and bound fractions). Besides, the metabolomics-based approach showed that all treatments (i.e., cooking and fermentation) induced the release of specific classes, namely phenolic acids and tyrosols. The PLS-DA multivariate approach identified in flavonoids the best markers allowing to discriminate the different treatments considered (i.e., cooking, chemical acidification and microbial fermentation). These findings support the use of cooking and microbial fermentation to ensure the health-promoting properties of non-wheat grains, such as buckwheat and quinoa.
Assuntos
Chenopodium quinoa/química , Culinária , Fagopyrum/química , Fermentação , Lactobacillales/metabolismo , Fenóis/análise , Sementes/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Carga Bacteriana , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Alimentos Fermentados/microbiologia , Flavonoides/análise , Hidroxibenzoatos/análise , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas , Metabolômica , Capacidade de Absorbância de Radicais de Oxigênio , Pediococcus pentosaceus/metabolismo , Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Álcool Feniletílico/análiseRESUMO
The effects of Lavandula angustifolia extract fermented with Pediococcus pentosaceus DK1 on UVB-mediated MMP-1 expression and collagen decrease in human skin fibroblasts were determined, and the conversion of its components was also analyzed. Fermentation was performed at varying L. angustifolia extract and MRS medium concentrations, and optimal fermentation conditions were selected. L. angustifolia extracts showed decreased cytotoxicity after fermentation in the fibroblasts. UVB-irradiated fibroblasts treated with fermented L. angustifolia extract showed MMP-1 expression 8.2-14.0% lower than that in UVB-irradiated fibroblasts treated with non-fermented extract. This was observed even at fermented extract concentrations lower than those of non-fermented extracts. Fibroblasts treated with fermented L. angustifolia extract showed 20% less reduction in collagen production upon UVB irradiation than those treated with non-fermented extracts. UVB-irradiated fibroblasts treated with fermented L. angustifolia extracts showed 50% higher inhibition of ROS generation than those treated with non-fermented extract. Luteolin and apigenin glycosides of L. angustifolia were converted during fermentation, and identified using RP-HPLC and LC/ESI-MS. Therefore, the effects of L. angustifolia extract on MMP-1 expression and collagen decrease in UVB-irradiated human skin fibroblasts were increased through fermentation by P. pentosaceus.
Assuntos
Diospyros/microbiologia , Lavandula/química , Pediococcus pentosaceus/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Protetores contra Radiação/farmacologia , Envelhecimento da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Fermentação , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/efeitos da radiação , Frutas/microbiologia , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Expressão Gênica/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/genética , Pró-Colágeno/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Envelhecimento da Pele/genética , Envelhecimento da Pele/efeitos da radiação , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom used to treat immune-related diseases in East Asia. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract of C. militaris grown on germinated Rhynchosia nulubilis (GRC) fermented with Pediococcus pentosaceus ON89A isolated from onion (GRC-ON89A) in vivo as well as in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effect of GRC-ON89A was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the GRC-ON89A ethanol extract were significantly increased compared to that in GRC. GRC-ON89A hexane fraction (GRC-ON89A-Hex) inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO) compared to that of the LPS-treated control without cytotoxicity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. GRC-ON89A-Hex decreased the inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, pre-treatment with GRC-ON89A-Hex significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. To induce allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), 1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was applied to the surface of the right ears of C57BL/6N mice. GRC-ON89A reduced the ear swelling and thickness in DNFB-induced ACD mice. This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of GRC-ON89A as an anti-inflammatory dietary supplement or drug.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Cordyceps/química , Dermatite de Contato/tratamento farmacológico , Fermentação , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Pediococcus pentosaceus/metabolismo , Adenosina/análise , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Desoxiadenosinas/análise , Dermatite de Contato/complicações , Dermatite de Contato/patologia , Regulação para Baixo , Flavonoides/análise , Proteínas I-kappa B/metabolismo , Inflamação/complicações , Inflamação/patologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Polifenóis/análise , Células RAW 264.7 , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição RelA/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is reported to exert various immune-activities. To enhance its activity, we fermented C.militaris with Pediococcus pentosaceus ON89A (GRC-ON89A). In this study, we investigated the immune-enhancing activity GRC-ON89A, using immunosuppressed model. METHODS: Immunosuppression was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CY). Each group was orally administered distilled water, GRC-ON89A or GRC, respectively. The phagocytic activities against IgG -opsonized FITC particles were measured using phagocytosis assay kit. The contents ß-glucan, cordycepin and SCFA were measured using ß-glucan kit, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, respectively. RESULTS: Among GRC fermented with different probiotic strains (Pediococcus pentossaceus ON89A, Lactobacillus pentosus SC64, Weissella cibaria Sal.Cla22), GRC-ON89A induced the highest elevation of nitric oxide production and enhanced phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells. In primary cultured murine macrophages from normal and CY-treated mice, GRC-ON89A increased phagocytic activity, compared to that in control cells. GRC-ON89A also significantly induced the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-10 and the levels of phosphorylated Lyn, Syk and MAPK. The contents of ß-glucan, cordycepin and SCFA in GRC significantly increased after ON89A fermentation, compared to those in unfermented GRC. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that GRC-ON89A exerted the enhanced immunostimulatory activity and contained more nutritional components, compared to unfermented GRC. Our results suggested that GRC-ON89A may be applied as an agent for immune boosting therapy in immune suppressed patients.