Metabolomics Research Conducted by Nurse Scientists: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Metabolomics, one of the newest omics, allows for investigation of holistic responses of living systems to myriad biological, behavioral, and environmental factors. Researcher use metabolomics to examine the underlying mechanisms of clinically observed phenotypes. However, these methods are complex, potentially impeding their uptake by scientists. In this scoping review, we summarize literature illustrating nurse scientists' use of metabolomics. Using electronic search methods, we identified metabolomics investigations conducted by nurse scientists and published in English-language journals between 1990 and November 2019. Of the studies included in the review (N = 30), 9 (30%) listed first and/or senior authors that were nurses. Studies were conducted predominantly in the United States and focused on a wide array of clinical conditions across the life span. The upward trend we note in the use of these methods by nurse scientists over the past 2 decades mirrors a similar trend across scientists of all backgrounds. A broad range of study designs were represented in the literature we reviewed, with the majority involving untargeted metabolomics (n = 16, 53.3%) used to generate hypotheses (n = 13, 76.7%) of potential metabolites and/or metabolic pathways as mechanisms of clinical conditions. Metabolomics methods match well with the unique perspective of nurse researchers, who seek to integrate the experiences of individuals to develop a scientific basis for clinical practice that emphasizes personalized approaches. Although small in number, metabolomics investigations by nurse scientists can serve as the foundation for robust programs of research to answer essential questions for nursing.

Claiming the Narrative Wave With Story Theory.

Over the past few decades, there has been a narrative wave that has advanced and subsided but consistently moved toward acceptance in health care circles. Despite the importance of narrative to nursing practice and research, the discipline has been slow to claim the narrative wave as its own. The purpose of this article is to claim the narrative wave for the discipline of nursing with story theory-guided research and practice and to describe dimensions of the narrative movement in health-related literature. Practical application of story theory is described for both nursing practice and nursing research.

Phenomenology for the Holistic Nurse Researcher: Underpinnings of Descriptive and Interpretive Traditions.

Phenomenological research is increasing in popularity in nursing research for good reason. The qualitative research method allows an in-depth exploration of patient lived experience. This knowledge has the potential to enhance quality of holistic patient care. To undertake this method of inquiry, however, it is imperative that holistic nurse researchers understand the philosophical underpinnings of the method and are familiar with the two major types of phenomenology in order to approach the study in a scholarly manner. The purpose of this article is to explicate the method's historical roots of phenomenology, its evolution, its two major traditions and their differences, and some of the specialized terminology unique to phenomenology's jargon so that their studies can contribute to sound nursing science and complete patient care.

How People Forgive: A Systematic Review of Nurse-Authored Qualitative Research.

Purpose: The aim of this systematic review of qualitative forgiveness studies by nurse authors is to contribute to the body of holistic nursing knowledge by discovering answers to the following research questions: (a) where/how does a person get the power to forgive? and (b) what are the people who forgive like? Method: We conducted a systematic search of the English language, peer-reviewed literature for nurse-authored, primary qualitative research that answered our research questions. A total of 188 potential studies were found, and 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Study participants used interpersonal, intrapersonal, and transpersonal sources of power to forgive, including prayer, meditation, and support from family, friends, and nurses. The findings also revealed the cognitive, emotional, and spiritual traits of forgiving people, including being faith oriented, empathetic, and understanding the meaning of forgiveness as letting go of negative emotions. The findings confirm activities listed under "Forgiveness Facilitation" (2018) in Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and suggest additions. Conclusion: This literature review adds to nursing knowledge by synthesizing the findings of the review in a way that provides guidance to nurses to help facilitate forgiveness with patients who want that.

The Life Course Paradigm as a Lens for Holistic Nursing Research in Older Adults Diagnosed With Schizophrenia.

Older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia (OADWS) have unique needs for care and live longer today than their forebears who were diagnosed with schizophrenia. As a result, nurses need to be prepared for the specific care of individuals who live with schizophrenia as they age. Together, Life Course Theory and holistic nursing suggest a good fit in the quest for successful solutions and/or outcomes for the unique problems that OADWS face. Holistic nursing views the patient as a whole person, considering all aspects of the patient's experiences within life's broader environment. The life course paradigm offers an effective way for nurses to understand issues that patients face throughout their lives, thus enhancing holistic nursing with a historical perspective. This is especially important for the care of OADWS, who face unique disparities as well as physical and psychological comorbidities over their life course. This article is intended to initiate a discussion of OADWS, focused with Life Course Theory as a holistic lens. Literature pertinent to the life course of OADWS is reviewed, followed by an analysis of the life course paradigm in relation to OADWS' unique experiences. Conclusions support the holistic use of Life Course Theory in research and interventions for OADWS.

The value of measurement for development of nursing knowledge: Underlying philosophy, contributions and critiques.

AIM: A philosophical discussion of constructive realism and measurement in the development of nursing knowledge is presented. BACKGROUND: Through Carper's four patterns of knowing, nurses come to know a person holistically. However, measurement as a source for nursing knowledge has been criticized for underlying positivism and reductionist approach to exploring reality. Which seems mal-alignment with person-centred care. DESIGN: Discussion paper. DISCUSSION: Constructive realism bridges positivism and constructivism, facilitating the measurement of physical and psychological phenomena. Reduction of complex phenomena and theoretical constructs into measurable properties is essential to building nursing's empiric knowledge and facilitates (rather than inhibits) person-knowing. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses should consider constructive realism as a philosophy to underpin their practice. This philosophy supports measurement as a primary method of inquiry in nursing research and clinical practice. Nurses can carefully select, and purposefully integrate, measurement tools with other methods of inquiry (such as qualitative research methods) to demonstrate the usefulness of nursing interventions and highlight nursing as a science.

Rhetoric versus reality: The role of research in deconstructing concepts of caring.

Our aim was to employ a critical analytic lens to explicate the role of nursing research in supporting the notion of caring realities. To do this, we used case exemplars to illustrate the infusion of such discourses. The first exemplar examines the fundamental concept of caring: using Florence Nightingale's Notes on Nursing, the case study surfaces caring as originally grounded in ritualized practice and subsequently describes its transmutation, via competing discourses, to a more holistic concept. It is argued that in the many and varied attempts to define the dynamic concept of care, caring has now become paradoxically, a more fragmented concept despite attempts to render it more holistic and inclusive. In the second exemplar, one of the authors draws on her personal experience of the gap between theory and practice, so pronounced that it pushed the author to revisit the concept of evidence-based practice and nursing education. In our third and final exemplar, we refer to the absence of knowledge and practice generated through natural enquiry and curiosity, an absence which has led to production of corporate led rhetoric. Drawing together the central arguments of the three exemplars, we reflect on the influential role of nursing research in enabling the deconstruction of taken for granted assumptions such as caring, evidence-based practice and empowerment; assumptions which have been generated by discourses riddled with confusion and alienation from the reality of practice and the natural spirit of professional enquiry.

[Patients, players in healthcare research]. / Les patients, acteurs de la recherche en soins.

Healthcare research is developing in France, notably through hospital nursing and paramedical research programmes. Few research projects involve the patients as investigators as part of collaborative studies. These approaches favour the involvement of all the players concerned. Thereby, healthcare research, due to its holistic dimension, encourages the development of collaborative practices between researchers, patients and caregivers.

Examining Perceptions and Attitudes.

The purpose of this article is to compare and discuss the use of Likert-type scales and Q-methodology to examine perceptions and attitudes in nursing research. This article provides a brief review of each approach, and how they have been used to advance our knowledge in health-related perceptions and attitudes. Although Likert-type scales are economical, efficient, and easy to analyze, the results can be difficult to interpret or translate into meaningful practice. In contrast, Q-methodology yields holistic and in-depth information on what the prevailing perceptions and attitudes are, but its conduct is logistically challenging and the results' generalizability can be limited. The appropriate uses of either or both approaches to answer different research questions will be discussed. Nurse scientists are called upon to continue our exploration, utilization, and expansion of unique methodologies that directly speak to a meaningful examination of these important constructs in nursing research.

The American College of Nurse-Midwives Clarity in Collaboration Project: Describing Midwifery Care in Interprofessional Collaborative Care Models.

In 2014, the American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) launched a project called Clarity in Collaboration to develop data definitions related to midwifery and maternity care delivery processes. These definitions are needed to ensure midwifery care delivered in collaborative care models is accurately and consistently captured in clinical documentation systems, data registries, and systems being developed as part of health care restructuring and payment reform. The Clarity in Collaboration project builds on the efforts of the Women's Health Registry Alliance (WHRA), which was recently established by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Clarity in Collaboration mirrored the process used by ReVITALize, WHRA's first maternity data standardization project, which focused on establishing standardized clinical data definitions for obstetrics. The ACNM Clarity in Collaboration project brought together maternity and midwifery care experts to complete a year-long consensus process, including a period of public comment, resulting in development of 20 concept definitions. These definitions can be used to describe midwifery care within the context of collaborative care models. This article provides a summary of the ACNM Clarity in Collaboration process with discussion of implications for maternity data collection.

Black Feminism: An Integrated Review of Literature.

This study presents a systematic literature review exploring the uses and potential benefits of Black Feminism in nursing research. Black Feminism may benefit knowledge development for nursing in a variety of ways, such as illuminating the multifaceted factors of Black women's identities in helping scholars move away from generalization of experiences, to improve understanding of health disparities, and making such changes by broadening the social consciousness of the nurse researchers, who are predominantly White. Discrimination in health disparities may be deconstructed if the focus is placed on asking different research questions and offering different interventions with the social structures that contributes to such actions. When Black Feminism guides the research method (including research questions and analysis), the accuracy of representing the experiences of Black women is increased. In this research, Black Feminism highlights experience, coping mechanisms, spiritual values, a tradition of strength, and a holistic view of identity.

Using a Person-Oriented Approach in Nursing Research.

The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of the person-oriented approach, describe empirical examples of its use, and discuss how the approach may be used in nursing research. The person-oriented approach consists of theoretical and methodological components and provides a way to explore the heterogeneity of populations related to phenomena of interest. For analytic purposes, the person-oriented approach views the person as a holistic unit rather than a sum of his or her characteristics, and thus, it provides an alternative or complementary approach to the more traditional, variable-oriented approaches most commonly used to study health phenomena. Although the person-oriented approach has not been used extensively in nursing research, it offers promise for nursing scholars who study complex problems within heterogeneous populations and who seek to develop targeted interventions to more effectively promote desired health outcomes.

Web Site de Insuficiencia Cardiaca como propuesta de educación en salud / Web Site de Insuficiência Cardíaca como proposta de educação em saúde / Website of heart failure as a proposal of education for health

Es un estudio que propone como alternativa de intervención de enfermería la creación de un sitio web, con informaciones educativas para pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca. Tuvo como objetivos específicos describir el proceso de la creación del sitio de web y validar el contenido por profesionales de la salud y pacientes. Para esto, utilizó una metodología descriptiva con abordaje cualitativo dividido en tres fases: definición del contenido, estructuración y validación del sitio web. El resultado general de las evaluaciones de los profesionales del área de la salud demostró la puntuación media de 51,25 (93,18%) y para los pacientes la puntuación media fue de 44,25 (98,33%). Por lo tanto, fue clasificada como bien elaborada y logró los objetivos propuestos. Se puede concluir que el sitio web es una alternativa de intervención para aumentar la adhesión al tratamiento y mejorar la calidad de vida de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca. Así, podrán reducirse las hospitalizaciones y posibles complicaciones derivadas de la insuficiencia cardiaca a través de la difusión de las informaciones y en la educación de la población (AU)

Trata-se de uma pesquisa que propôs como alternativa de intervenção de enfermagem a criação de um web site, com informações educativas para pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca. Teve como objetivos específicos descrever o processo de criação do web site e validar o conteúdo por profissionais de saúde e pacientes. Para isso, utilizou metodologia descritiva com abordagem qualitativa dividida em 3 fases: definição do conteúdo, estruturação e validação do web site. O resultado geral das avaliações dos profissionais da área de saúde demonstrou o escore médio de 51,25 (93,18%) e para os pacientes o escore médio foi de 44,25 (98,33%). Portanto, foi classificado como bem elaborado e atingiu os objetivos propostos. Conclui-se que o site é uma alternativa de intervenção para aumentar a adesão ao tratamento e melhorar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Assim, poderá reduzir as internações e possíveis complicações decorrentes da insuficiência cardíaca através da difusão das informações e na educação da população

It is a study that proposes as an alternative of intervention of nursing the creation of a website, with educative information to heart failure patients. Objectives: To describe the process of the creation of the website and to validate the content by health professionals and patients. It was carried out a descriptive methodology with qualitative boarding divided in three phases: definition of content, structure and validation of the website. The general result of the evaluation of the professionals in the field of health showed the average score of 51.25 (93.18%), and for the patients the average score was 44.25 (98.33%). Therefore, it was classified as well elaborated and it achieved the proposed objectives. To conclude, it can be said that the website in an alternative of intervention to increase the acceptance of the treatment and to improve the quality of life of heart failure patients. In this way, the hospitalizations and the possible complications from the heart failure could be reduced through the diffusion of the information and the education of the population (AU)

An action research approach for developing research and innovation in nursing and midwifery practice: building research capacity in one NHS foundation trust.

The National Health Service in the United Kingdom is committed to a process of reform centred on quality care and innovative practice. Central to this process is the need for research capacity building within the workforce. The aim of this study was to develop an infrastructure for research capacity building within one National Health Service Foundation Trust. Using an Action Research methodology, sixteen individuals were purposefully selected from a population of nurses and midwives to participate in the study. This nonprobability sampling method enabled the researchers to select participants on the basis of who would be most informative about existing research capacity building structures and processes within the Trust. Data were collected in the form of semi-structured individual interviews with each participant. The main findings were that research activity was not embedded in the culture of the organisation, and initiating and undertaking change was a complex process. As a result, a range of structures and processes which were considered necessary to enable the Trust move forward in developing capacity and capability for research were developed and implemented. This paper reports the first two stages of this process, namely: the findings from the pre-step and an outline of how these findings were used to create an infrastructure to support research capacity building within one NHS Foundation Trust Hospital in the United Kingdom.

Drug safety in pregnancy--monitoring congenital anomalies.

AIM: This paper outlines research into the causes of congenital anomalies, and introduces a pan-European study. The potential roles of nurses and midwives in this area are illustrated by a case report. BACKGROUND: Since the thalidomide disaster, use of drugs in pregnancy has been carefully monitored to prevent anything similar happening again. However, monitoring is incomplete and questions remain unanswered. KEY ISSUES: Many medicines are essential for the health of pregnant women. However, drug use in pregnancy requires surveillance. Methods include spontaneous reporting of adverse events, cohort studies and case control studies. It is hoped that a Europe-wide study, combining data from several congenital anomaly registers, will provide a sufficiently large population to assess the impact of selected drugs on congenital anomalies. However, this work depends on the consistency of reporting by nurses and midwives. CONCLUSION: Drug safety in pregnancy remains undetermined. Collaboration across Europe has the potential to provide a framework for safety evaluation. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Prescribers should consider the possibility of pregnancy in women of child-bearing age. Careful review of maternal drug use in early pregnancy is essential. Midwives and nurses should be aware of adverse event drug reporting systems, including congenital anomaly registers.

Unitary appreciative inquiry: evolution and refinement.

Unitary appreciative inquiry (UAI), developed over the past 20 years, provides an orientation and process for uncovering human wholeness and discovering life patterning in individuals and groups. Refinements and a description of studies using UAI are presented. Assumptions and conceptual underpinnings of the method distinguishing its contributions from other methods are reported. Data generation strategies that capture human wholeness and elucidate life patterning are proposed. Data synopsis as an alternative to analysis is clarified and explicated. Standards that suggest enhancing the legitimacy of knowledge and credibility of research are specified. Potential expansions of UAI offer possibilities for extending epistemologies, aesthetic integration, and theory development.