The Circulating Selenium Concentration Is Positively Related to the Lipid Accumulation Product: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

The lipid accumulation product (LAP) is a reliable marker of metabolic syndrome, which includes conditions like obesity. However, the correlation between the circulating selenium (CSe) concentration and the LAP is currently unclear. This study aimed to ascertain this correlation. Overall, 12,815 adults aged ≥20 years were enrolled in this study. After adjusting for all the confounding variables, CSe was positively correlated to the LAP (ß = 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28, 0.54; p < 0.001). Compared with the lowest quartile of CSe, the highest quartile of CSe was positively related to the LAP (ß = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.21; p < 0.001). Moreover, the correlation between CSe and the LAP revealed a positive non-linear trend. In the subgroup analysis, interaction effects were observed for age, sex, smoking, and stroke (p for interaction < 0.05). The effects were stronger for males (ß = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.80; p < 0.001) and individuals who smoke at the time of the trial (ß = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.91; p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results indicated that CSe was positively correlated with the LAP in a non-linear manner. Future research is warranted to explore their relationship and better understand the mechanisms underlying this association.

Garlic supplementation improves intestinal transit time, lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic indices in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.

Subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Altered gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of MetS. It has been hypothesized that garlic can improve intestinal transit time and cardiovascular risks. We investigated the effect of garlic powder supplementation on intestinal transit time, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and cardiometabolic indices in subjects with MetS. A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted for 3 months among subjects with MetS. Ninety subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment group (intake of 1,600 mg/d garlic powder) or control group (placebo) using a computer-generated random number table. All participants were asked to follow the common healthy dietary recommendations during follow-up. The primary outcomes included intestinal transit time, LAP, cardiometabolic index (CMI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli risk index I (CRI-I) and Castelli risk index II (CRI-II). Garlic powder compared to the placebo improved intestinal transit time (p = .001), LAP (-21.5 ± 23.4 vs. 0.7 ± 21.5; p < .001), CMI (-0.85 ± 0.8 vs. 0.13 ± 0.8; p < .001), AIP (-0.14 ± 0.1 vs. 0.01 ± 0.1; p < .001), CRI-I (-0.69 ± 0.5 vs. 0.16 ± 0.5; p < .001) and CRI-II (-0.50 ± 0.3 vs. 0.02 ± 0.3; p < .001). Garlic supplementation can improve intestinal transit time, LAP, and cardiometabolic indices.

Effect of Cornus mas L. fruit extract on lipid accumulation product and cardiovascular indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with high risk of cardiovascular diseases. The experimental studies have suggested that Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry) fruit can improve cardiovascular risk factors. We designed a study to investigate the effect of cornelian cherry fruit extract on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with NAFLD. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Fifty patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned into the treatment and the control groups. The treatment group received 20 cc/d cornelian cherry fruit extract as liquid form and the control group received 20 cc/d placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes included lipid accumulation product (LAP), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli risk index I (CRI-I), CRI-II and atherogenic coefficient (AC). RESULTS: At the baseline, there was no significant difference between two groups in values of LAP, AIP, CRI-I, CRI-II and AC. After the intervention, no significant change was found in the treatment group compared to the control group in LAP (-0.64 (-6.25 to 8.29) vs. 0.0 (-8.66 to 19.01); P = 0.91), AIP (0.0 ± 0.08 vs. 0.0 ± 0.1; P = 0.84), CRI-I (-0.18 ± 0.63 vs. -0.31 ± 0.49; P = 0.42), CRI-II (-0.23 ± 0.56 vs. -0.15 ± 0.32; P = 0.52) and AC (-0.18 ± 0.63 vs. -0.31 ± 0.49; P = 0.42). CONCLUSION: Cornelian cherry fruit extract has no effect on cardiovascular outcomes. Further studies with longer intervention durations are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered on 30 September 2018 at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20180419039359N1).

The association of plant-based dietary patterns with visceral adiposity, lipid accumulation product, and triglyceride-glucose index in Iranian adults.

BACKGROUND: We sought to investigate whether adherence to a more plant-based, and less animal-based, diet is associated with visceral adiposity, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) in Iranian adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 adults aged between 18-75 years old. We created three plant-based diets. including an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), hPDI, and uPDI based on tertiles regarding the intake of animal- or plant-based food items obtained from a semi quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Higher hPDI was significantly associated with lower body mass index (BMI) (P-value = 0.01), lower waist circumference (P-value<0.001), and lower waist-hip ratio (P-value<0.001). A significant increase was found for high density lipoproteins (HDL) (P-trend <0.001) with a significant decrease for LAP (P-value = 0.03) in those with higher adherence to hPDI. Moreover, greater adherence to PDI was associated with a significant increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p-value = 0.01) and fat free mass (FFM) (p-value = 0.01). There were no significant associations between PDIs and TyG and VFA. CONCLUSION: We found that a higher hPDI score was significantly associated with better anthropometric measurements. A significant increase was found for HDL and a significant decrease was found for LAP on hPDI. However, a higher PDI score was significantly associated with higher DBP and higher FFM.

Effects of Eriobotrya japonica Water Extract on Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Impairment.

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of the hot water extract of Eriobotrya japonica (EJW) on EtOH- or free fatty acid (FFA)-induced fatty liver injury in vitro. HepG2/2E1 cells were exposed to EtOH and HepG2 cells were exposed to a mixture of FFAs (oleic acid:palmitic acid, 2:1) to stimulate oxidative stress and to induce lipid accumulation, respectively. Antioxidant activity was significantly increased and lipid accumulation was inhibited in cells pretreated with EJW compared to those in cells exposed to EtOH or FFA only. Also, 5'adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylations were considerably increased, indicating activation of AMPK. Furthermore, EJW reduced the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of lipogenesis-associated factors such as ACC, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), and increased mRNA expression related to components of the fatty acid ß-oxidation pathway, such as AMPK, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). These results suggest that EJW possessed potential preventive effects against both EtOH- and FFA-induced fatty liver disease by alleviation of oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.

Fermented Platycodon grandiflorum Extract Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether fermented Platycodon grandiflorum (FPG) inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We evaluated the effect of FPG on antiadipogenic activity via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), as well as protein expression of their target genes, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). We further examined the antiobesity effects of FPG on HFD-induced obesity in mice. The FPG was orally administered to mice with a HFD at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Our results show that FPG significantly inhibited fat accumulation during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis through downregulating adipogenic transcript factors. Moreover, FPG markedly reduced the final body weight with a decrease in epididymal adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size compared with the untreated HFD-induced group. The effects of FPG on HFD-induced obesity were primarily responsible for inhibiting adipogenesis in adipose tissue and regulating lipid metabolism, such as through lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, FPG ameliorated serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Hence, FPG may be an alternative treatment for controlling obesity through downregulating lipid accumulation.

Trans fatty acids modify nutritional parameters and triacylglycerol metabolism in rats: differential effects at recommended and high-fat levels / Los ácidos grasos trans modifican parámetros nutricionales y el metabolismo de triacilglicéridos en ratas: efectos diferenciales a niveles recomendados y elevados de grasa

Introduction: there is still little evidence on the metabolic trans fatty acids (TFA) effects at recommended fat levels. Objective: to investigate the differential TFA effects on some nutritional parameters, TFA retention, and triacylglycerol (TAG) regulation in rats fed recommended and high-fat diets. Methods: male Wistar rats were fed (30 days) diets containing recommended (7%,w/w) or high-fat (20%,w/w) levels, supplemented or not with TFA (C7, C20, TFA7 and TFA20). Results: TFA7 (vs.C7) rats showed an increased body weight associated with higher fat pads and liver and serum TAG. The hypertriacylglyceridaemia was related to a decreased muscle LPL activity, while the higher hepatic TAG content was associated with both an increased SREBP-1c gene expression and ACC activity, and a reduced CPT-Ia gene expression. The TFA20 diet did not potentiate the higher body weight, fat pads and TAG levels induced by the C20 diet. Although the hepatic TAG-secretion rate (TAG-SR) increased by TFA20 vs. C20, the same triacylglyceridaemia was associated with a compensatory increase of the adipose tissue LPL activity. The attenuated hepatic TAG accretion in TFA20 was related to an increase of TAG-SR and to a lower increase of SREBP-1c and SCD1 mRNA expressions, paralleled to a relative decrease of SCD1 index and ACC activity. Discussion and conclusion: TFA alters nutritional parameters and lipid metabolism in rats. However, different responses to the TFA on TAG levels and their regulation were observed between rats fed recommended and high-fat diets. These divergences might be related to different tissue TFA retentions and rumenic acid bioconversion (AU)

Introducción: existen escasas evidencias sobre los efectos metabólicos de los AGT a niveles recomendados de grasa. Objetivo: investigar los efectos diferenciales de los ácidos grasos trans (TFA) sobre parámetros nutricionales, retención de TFA y regulación de triacilglicéridos (TAG) en ratas alimentadas con niveles recomendados o elevados de grasa. Métodos: ratas macho Wistar fueron alimentadas (30 días) con dietas que contenían un 7% o 20% de grasas suplementadas o no con TFA (C7-C20-TFA7-TFA20). Resultados: TFA7 (vs. C7) incrementó el peso corporal asociado a mayores panículos adiposos y TAG. La hipertriacilgliceridemia fue relacionada con una menor actividad LPL muscular, y el incrementado TAG hepático con una elevada expresión génica de SREBP-1c y actividad ACC, y reducida expresión génica de CPT-Ia. Los TFA no potenciaron los elevados pesos corporales, los panículos adiposos y los TAG inducidos por C20. Aunque la secreción hepática de TAG (TAG-SR) incrementó en TFA20 vs. C20, la similar triacilgliceridemia fue asociada a un compensatorio incremento de la actividad LPL en tejido adiposo. La atenuada acumulación hepática de TAG en TFA20 estuvo relacionada con una incrementada TAG-SR y un menor incremento de la expresión génica de SREBP-1c y SCD1, paralela a un relativo descenso del índice SCD1 y de la actividad ACC. Discusión y conclusión: los TFA alteran los parámetros nutricionales y lipídicos en ratas. Sin embargo, diferentes respuestas sobre los niveles y regulación de los TAG por los TFA fueron observadas entre ratas alimentadas con niveles recomendados y elevados de grasa dietaria. Estas divergencias pueden estar relacionadas con diferentes retenciones de TFA y su bioconversión a ácido ruménico (AU)

Flaxseed oil and alpha-lipoic acid combination ameliorates hepatic oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in comparison to lard.

BACKGROUND: Intake of high-fat diet is associated with increased non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress are key pathophysiological mechanisms in NAFLD. Both flaxseed oil (FO) and α-lipoic acid (LA) exert potential benefit to NAFLD. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of FO and LA on hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in rats induced by high-fat diet. METHODS: LA was dissolved in flaxseed oil to a final concentration of 8 g/kg (FO + LA). The rodent diet contained 20% fat. One-fifth of the fat was soybean oil and the others were lard (control group), or 75% lard and 25% FO + LA (L-FO + LA group), or 50% lard and 50% FO + LA (M-FO + LA group), or FO + LA (H-FO + LA group). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 10 weeks and then killed for liver collection. RESULTS: Intake of high-fat lard caused a significant hepatic steatosis. Replacement with FO + LA was effective in reducing steatosis as well as total triglyceride and total cholesterol contents in liver. The combination of FO and LA also significantly elevated hepatic antioxidant defense capacities, as evaluated by the remarkable increase in the activities of SOD, CAT and GPx as well as the level of GSH, and the significant decline in lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION: The combination of FO and LA may contribute to prevent fatty livers such as NAFLD by ameliorating hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress.