CGAs-Rich Conilon Coffee Consumption Improves Cognition and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Elderly with Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: The consumption of coffee has been associated with beneficial effects when it comes to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies on Conilon coffee consumption in elderly people with AD. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of Conilon coffee consumption in elderly with AD. METHODS: The study was carried out with 9 participants who consumed a minimum of 2 cups (200 mL cup) of Conilon coffee per day for 90 days. Cognitive assessment was done before (T0) and after 90 days (T90). Blood analysis was conducted at T0 and T90, as well as the assessment of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS). The levels of chlorogenic acids and caffeine in the coffee beverage were quantified by liquid chromatography. RESULTS: During the treatment, the participants consumed at least 550 mg and 540 mg of CGAs and caffeine, respectively. A significant improvement in cognition between T0 and T90 was observed as per MMSE, CTP, and clock drawing tests. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in AOPP (37%) and TBARS (60%), indicating a reduction in oxidative stress. The consumption of the coffee did not significantly alter any blood parameter, which confirms the safety of the coffee treatment during the 90 days. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated for the first time that regular consumption of coffee with high amounts of CGAs and caffeine improves cognitive functions and reduces oxidative stress, without altering blood parameters that indicate possible signs of toxicity in classical target organs.

Impact of Vitamin D3 on Carbonyl-Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinases after Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is associated with the development of carbonyl-oxidative stress (COS) and an increased risk of a cerebral hemorrhage. Vitamin D3 is considered an additional drug to have an impact on COS and proteolysis in the extracellular matrix. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of D3 on the COS-markers and matrix metalloproteinases MMP2/MMP9 activity after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus (Т2DM) compared to metformin (Met). METHODS: T2DM was induced in rats via the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA), ICH - by microinjection of bacterial collagenase into the striatum. Rats were randomized into five groups: 1 - intact animals (n = 8), 2 - T2DM (n = 9); 3 - T2DM+ICH (n = 7); 4 - T2DM+ICH+Met (n = 7); 5 - T2DM+ICH+D3 (n = 7). Blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were assessed using commercial kits. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyls (PC370/430), and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) were measured by spectrophotometry, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by quantitative fluorescence, and matrix metalloproteinases MMP2/9 by gelatin zymography. RESULTS: D3 does not significantly affect the glucose level and OGTT in rats with T2DM+ICH. However, it reduces AOPP, PC, and AGEs, thus reducing the COS index. In contrast, the activity of proMMP9 increases after D3 administration. These effects of D3 have been reported to be stronger and sometimes opposite to those of metformin. CONCLUSION: D3 supplementation may decrease the negative consequences of a cerebral hemorrhage in T2DM by reducing COS and preventing the accumulation of COS-modified proteins in the brain by regulating the expression and activity of MMP9.

Investigation Covering the Effect of Boron plus Taurine Application on Protein Carbonyl and Advanced Oxidation Protein Products Levels in Experimental Alzheimer Model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that occurs in the brain. This is a chronic neurodegenerative disease which is valid in 60-70% of all dementia patients. Boron, regarded as a potential antioxidant, has the effect of reducing oxidative stress. Taurine, as one of the thiol-containing amino acids, exists at different concentrations in both the neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system. It plays an important role in the protective and adjuvant therapies as an antioxidant due to its characteristics of maintaining the oxidant-antioxidant balance of the body as well as cell integrity and increasing body resistance. Based on this information, our objective was to reveal the effect of boron alone, taurine alone plus co-administration of taurine and boron application on brain tissue protein carbonyls (PC) and serum advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels in the experimental Alzheimer's model. For this purpose, 5 groups were formed in our study which consisted of 30 Wistar albino male rats. The rats were given a single dose of STZ stereotaxically. At the end of this period, the rats were decapitated, plus their brain tissues and blood were removed. Our findings suggested that taurine alone and co-administration of boron and taurine had a decreasing effect on AOPP and PC levels of the experimental Alzheimer model of the rats.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in patients with alopecia areata: A comparative cross-sectional study.

Background Alopecia areata is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of this condition. Aim To evaluate the serum oxidative stress markers and antioxidant capacity in patients with alopecia areata. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 40 patients with alopecia areata and 40 healthy controls. The fasting blood sugar, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, and serum oxidative markers, including advanced glycation end products and advanced oxidation protein products, were measured in this study. Also, antioxidant enzymes, including paraoxonase-1, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and serum ferric-reducing antioxidant power, were determined. Results The serum levels of advanced glycation end products and advanced oxidation protein products were significantly higher in patients with alopecia areata, compared to the controls (P < 0.001), whereas the levels of ferric-reducing antioxidant power, paraoxonase-1 and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase were significantly lower in patients with alopecia areata, compared to the controls (P < 0.001). The mean fasting blood sugar level was significantly higher in patients with alopecia areata, compared to the controls. The ferric reducing antioxidant power level was significantly associated with the percentage of hair loss (P = 0.01, r = 0.4) and the serum C-reactive protein level (P = 0.03, r = -0.3) in patients with alopecia areata. Limitations Since the current study had a cross-sectional design, no cause-effect relationship was established between alopecia areata and oxidative stress. The sample size of our study was also small. Conclusion Based on the present results, the oxidant-antioxidant enzymatic system is impaired in alopecia areata due to the increased oxidative products and decreased antioxidant activity.

Iontophoresis Corneal Cross-linking With Oxygen Supplementation in Ovine Eyes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the biomechanical changes and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) production after different corneal cross-linking (CXL) protocols with or without oxygen supplementation. METHODS: Ovine eyes in the study were equally distributed to five groups as control, standard Dresden protocol, diluted alcohol- and iontophoresis-assisted CXL (DAI-CXL), and 0.1% and 0.2% riboflavin-mediated iontophoresis-assisted CXL with oxygen supplementation (I-CXL). Corneas that received CXL were divided into two equal parts, one part was used for uniaxial tensiometry and one part was used for AOPP measurement. RESULTS: All treatment groups showed higher Young's modulus and stiffness compared to the control group (P < .05). Both oxygen-assisted I-CXL groups with 0.1% and 0.2% riboflavin concentrations had higher corneal Young's modulus (P = .009 and .006, respectively) and stiffness (P = .009) values, whereas the DAI-CXL group had lesser Young's modulus and stiffness values (P = .032) compared to the Dresden protocol group. All treatment groups showed higher AOPP concentrations compared to the control group (P < .05). DAI-CXL and I-CXL groups showed similar AOPP formation compared to the Dresden protocol (P = .673). CONCLUSIONS: When the epithelium is intact, the desired increase in corneal stiffness might not be achieved. However, increasing the oxygen in the environment might provide a sufficient increase in stiffness in cases undergoing epitheliumon I-CXL, which might be promising in terms of shortening the CXL therapy and decreasing the complications. [J Refract Surg. 2022;38(10):674-681.].

The Examination of the Influence of Caffeinated Coffee Consumption on the Concentrations of Serum Prolactin and Selected Parameters of the Oxidative-Antioxidant Balance in Young Adults: A Preliminary Report.

We verified whether caffeinated coffee consumption influenced the concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and oxidative stress parameters: total antioxidant status (TAS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), uric acid (UA), total bilirubin (T-Bil), albumin (ALB), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP)-in blood sera obtained at 15, 60, and 120 minutes after caffeinated coffee intake, in relation to the fasting point. The study participants were 33 young, healthy, nonsmoking volunteers (15 men, 18 women) aged 19-29 years. PRL concentrations significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after consumption, except at time point 15' in men (p > 0.05). In women, FRAP levels significantly increased over time, and significant changes were also observed for UA at 120' and ALB at 15'. In men, significant changes were found for levels of AOPP at 15', T-Bil and ALB at 15', iron at 60' and 120', and calcium at 120'. There were no significant differences in the levels of other examined parameters between the defined time points. In conclusion, the substances contained in caffeinated coffee decrease the level of prolactin and may also have an impact on selected parameters of oxidative stress, which could be the basis of future research focused on the identification of new therapeutic targets.

Impacts of engineered iron nanoparticles on oxidative stress, fatty acid composition, and histo-architecture of the smooth scallop Flexopecten glaber.

Engineered iron nanoparticles are widely used in environmental remediation, yet their potential toxic effects on marine biota remain poorly elucidated. This study aimed to gain insight into the nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) toxicity mechanisms for marine invertebrates. Aside from the effect on oxidative status and histopathology, the effect of NZVI on lipid metabolism in bivalves was studied for the first time. To this end, specimens of Flexopecten glaber were exposed to ascending concentrations (0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/L) of NZVI for 96 h. Results illustrate differential patterns of iron accumulation in the gills and the digestive gland. By increasing NZVI concentrations, the total iron level tended to markedly increase in the gills and decrease in the digestive gland, reaching 132 and 37.6 µg/g DW, respectively, in the specimens exposed to 1.5 mg/L. Biochemical and cellular biomarkers highlighted that NZVI caused oxidative stress (measured as hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and advanced oxidation protein product levels) and alterations of antioxidant defense systems, including reduced glutathione, non-protein thiol, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Modulation of lipid metabolism with changed fatty acid compositions (mainly an increase in the saturation and a decrease in unsaturation levels) was also observed in both gills and digestive gland. Moreover, several histological damages, including lipofuscin accumulation, infiltrative inflammations, and digestive tubule alterations, were observed in the two studied organs, providing supplementary evidence regarding the toxic effect of NZVI. This study adds to the growing body of evidence pointing to the hazardous impacts of iron NPs on aquatic ecosystems.

Modulatory Effect of Chaetomorpha gracilis on Erythrocytes Functions and Metabolic Disorders in Mice Fed a High-cholesterol Diet.

The current study was carried out to estimate the protective effect of methanolic extract of Chaetomorpha gracilis (MECG) against High Cholesterol Diet (HCD) induced erythrocyte damage in mice. The results of the in vitro assay showed that MECG have higher antioxidant capacities in the DPPH, TAC, ABTS, NBT, NO. inhibition assays. The HPLC analysis confirmed that this potential antioxidant seems to be due to the active compounds, in particular polyphenols, flavonoids. HCD promoted oxidative stress with a rise the level of malonaldehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels and a significant decrease of the Vitamin C content, as well the antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, HCD treatment caused significant lipid profile disorders via increase the cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels and reduction HDL-Ch level. A statistically significant decrease of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ATPase activities accompanied with a severe damage in the erythrocytes structure and hematological parameters alterations were also noted in hypercholesterolemic mice. Pre-treatment with MECG significantly restored biochemical markers and pathological lesions. It can be suggest that supplementation of MECG displays high potential to quench free radicals and attenuates high cholesterol diet induced erythrocytes oxidative stress and related damages.

Role of 904 nm superpulsed laser-mediated photobiomodulation on nitroxidative stress and redox homeostasis in burn wound healing.

BACKGROUND: Burn wound healing is delayed due to several critical factors such as sustained inflammation, vascular disorder, neuropathy, enhanced proteolysis, infection, and oxidative stress. Burn wounds have limited oxygen supply owing to compromised blood circulation. Hypoxic burn milieu leads to free radicals overproduction incurring oxidative injury, which impedes repair process causing damage to cell membranes, proteins, lipids, and DNA. Photobiomodulation (PBM) with 904 nm superpulsed laser had shown potent healing efficacy via attenuating inflammation while enhancing proliferation, angiogenesis, collagen accumulation, and bioenergetic activation in burn wounds. METHODS: This study investigated the effects of 904 nm superpulsed laser at 0.4 mW/cm2 average power density, 0.2 J/cm2 total energy density, 100 Hz frequency, and 200 ns pulse width for 10 min daily for seven days postburn injury on nitroxidative stress, endogenous antioxidants status, and redox homeostasis. RESULTS: Photobiomodulation treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation levels as compared to non-irradiated control. Further, protective action of PBM against protein oxidative damage was evidenced by reduced protein carbonylation and advanced oxidation protein product levels along with significantly enhanced endogenous antioxidants levels of SOD, catalase, GPx, GST, reduced glutathione, and thiol (T-SH, Np-SH, P-SH). Biochemical changes aid in reduction of oxidative stress and maintenance of redox homeostasis, which further well corroborated by significantly up-regulated protein expression of Nrf 2, hemeoxygenase (HO-1), and thioredoxin reductase 2 (Txnrd2). CONCLUSION: Photobiomodulation with 904 nm superpulsed laser led to reduction of nitroxidative stress, induction of endogenous antioxidants, and maintenance of redox homeostasis that could play a vital role in augmentation of burn wound healing.

The Effect of Sildenafil on Selenite-Induced Cataract in Rats.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of sildenafil on an experimental sodium selenite-induced cataract model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six young Wistar rats were separated into four groups. On postpartum day 10, six rats received only selenite (group 1, selenite-induced cataract), seven rats received selenite and high dose oral sildenafil (group 2, high-dose sildenafil-treated), seven rats received selenite and low dose oral sildenafil (group 3, low-dose sildenafil-treated), and six rats received only saline (group 4, controls). On postpartum day 30, cataract formation was graded and recorded using an operating microscope. The rats were sacrificed, lens tissues were isolated, and serum samples were collected. Nitrite oxide metabolites (NOx), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), and total sulfhydryl (TSH) levels were assessed in both serum and lenticular samples. RESULTS: The rats treated with low-dose sildenafil showed lower levels of AOPP and NOx, and the higher levels of TSH than the rats in other experimental groups. Otherwise, the rats treated with high-dose sildenafil, similar to the selenite-induced cataract group, showed higher levels of AOPP and serum NOx than rats in the low-dose sildenafil-treated group. The rats treated with low-dose sildenafil also showed less cataract development than rats in the other experimental groups. CONCLUSION: Low doses (0.7 mg/kg) of oral sildenafil might show a protective effect on cataract development by lowering oxidative stress.

Evaluation of urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine level in experimental Alzheimer's disease: Impact of carvacrol nanoparticles.

The present study aimed to compare the effect of carvacrol essential oil and carvacrol nanoemulsion against experimental Alzheimer's (AD). Forty male albino rats were used and divided into four groups as follow: control, AlCl3 induced AD, carvacrol oil treated and carvacrol nanoemulsion treated groups. Brain nor-epinephrine, serotonin and dopamine were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Levels of brain Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), cholinesterase, and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) were evaluated. Urinary 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level was evaluated by HPLC. Brain Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX 1and 2) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. AD induced by AlCl3 in rats was depicted by the significant increase in the neurotransmitters levels which is accompanied with high degree of oxidative stress that was revealed in the elevated level of urinary 8-OHdG along with significant elevation in AOPP, TBARS, and cholinesterase levels and a significant decrease in SOD and GSH; these results are confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis of COX 1 and 2. On the other hand, the treatment with carvacrol oil and carvacrol nanoemulsion were capable of mitigate effects mediated by AlCl3 administration in treated rats. While the treatment with both approached succeeded to retract the negative impact of AlCl3; but the effect of carvacrol nanoemulsion was more notable than the essential oil. Carvacrol oil and carvacrol nanoemulsion were eminent to overturn AlCl3 induced brain AD which could be imputed to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities of carvacrol to alter oxidative stress effect. In extension; carvacrol nanoemulsion were evident to give more effective and efficient way in carvacrol delivery to pass through blood brain barriers and ameliorate brain changes.

Static Magnetic Fields Modulate the Response of Different Oxidative Stress Markers in a Restraint Stress Model Animal.

Stress is a state of vulnerable homeostasis that alters the physiological and behavioral responses. Stress induces oxidative damage in several organs including the brain, liver, kidney, stomach, and heart. Preliminary findings suggested that the magnetic stimulation could accelerate the healing processes and has been an effective complementary therapy in different pathologies. However, the mechanism of action of static magnetic fields (SMFs) is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of static magnetic fields (0.8 mT) in a restraint stressed animal model, focusing on changes in different markers of oxidative damage. A significant increase in the plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glycation end products (AGEs) were observed in restraint stress model. Exposure to SMFs over 5 days (30, 60, and 240 min/day) caused a decrease in the NO, MDA, AGEs, and AOPP levels; in contrast, the SOD and GSH levels increased. The response to SMFs was time-dependent. Thus, we proposed that exposure to weak-intensity SMFs could offer a complementary therapy by attenuating oxidative stress. Our results provided a new perspective in health studies, particularly in the context of oxidative stress.

Association between advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and vascular calcification in uremic patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between serum advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and vascular calcification in uremic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The general data of included subjects were collected, and the serum AOPP, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), creatinine (Cre), Urea, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C), hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin (ALB) were detected. Coronary artery computed tomography (CT) scan was performed and the coronary arterial calcification score (CACS) was calculated; the whole abdomen CT scan was performed and abdominal aortic calcification index (AACI) was calculated. SPSS l9.0 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The coronary artery CT and detection of serum indexes showed that AOPP in positive coronary arterial calcification group was significantly increased compared with that in negative coronary arterial calcification group (59.14 ± 14.57 vs. 37.59 ± 5.31) µmol/L. The whole abdomen CT and detection of serum indexes showed that AOPP in positive abdominal aortic calcification group was significantly increased compared with that in negative abdominal aortic calcification group (60.32 ± 15.43 vs. 39.57 ± 6.25) µmol/L. AOPP in severe calcification group was significantly higher than negative group (70.72 ± 18.18 vs. 39.57 ± 6.25) µmol/L. There were no significant differences in AOPP between hypertension and non-hypertension groups, diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic nephropathy groups. Correlation analysis showed that AOPP of uremic patients had a significantly positive correlation with logl0[CACS+1] and had a significantly positive correlation with inferior AACI. CONCLUSIONS: AOPP in positive coronary arterial calcification group and positive abdominal aortic calcification group was higher than that in negative group and AOPP in severe calcification group was significantly higher than that in negative group. AOPP of uremic patients has a significantly positive correlation with CACS and AACI.

Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil nanoparticles ameliorate the hepatic antioxidant/oxidant status of silver catfish experimentally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Oxidative stress has been recognized as a conjoint pathological mechanism that contributes to initiation and progression of liver injury, such as that caused by bacterial diseases. Natural antioxidants are considered a rational curative strategy to prevent and cure hepatic diseases involved with oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, whether treatment with bactericidal Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (TTO) nanoparticles prevents or reduces the hepatic damage in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) experimentally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). Liver samples from fish infected with P. aeruginosa showed increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonylation and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels, while catalase (CAT) activity was reduced compared to uninfected animals. The prophylactic treatment with nanoencapsulated TTO prevented these alterations. Based on this evidence, we concluded that P. aeruginosa infection causes hepatic damage, evidenced by increased TBARS, protein carbonylation and AOPP levels, which inhibits the antioxidant defense system, contributing to disease pathophysiology. Thus, this treatment may be considered an important approach for the prevention of hepatic oxidative damage caused by P. aeruginosa infection in fish.

Black tea supplementation augments redox balance in rats: relevance to aging.

Several health beneficial effects have been attributed to tea consumption, most of the effects are due to the strong antioxidant property of tea catechins. The present study evaluates the effect of black tea extract (BTE) supplementation on the redox balance of rats at different stages in their life span. We have evaluated erythrocyte and plasma redox status in young (4 months), middle-aged (12 months) and old-aged (24 months) male Wistar rats, by quantifying an array of parameters linked to redox status. Our results show that BTE augments redox status, measured in terms of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), plasma membrane redox system (PMRS) and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) of plasma, in rats from three different age groups. This study provides experimental evidence of a strong antioxidant property of black tea on rats in different stages of their lifespan.

Advanced oxidation protein products sensitized the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 via NADPH oxidase 1 and 4 to cause mechanical hyperalgesia.

Oxidative stress is a possible pathogenesis of hyperalgesia. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), a new family of oxidized protein compounds, have been considered as a novel marker of oxidative stress. However, the role of AOPPs in the mechanism of hyperalgesia remains unknown. Our study aims to investigate whether AOPPs have an effect on hyperalgesia and the possible underlying mechanisms. To identify the AOPPs involved, we induced hyperalgesia in rats by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in hindpaw. The level of plasma AOPPs in CFA-induced rats was 1.6-fold in comparison with what in normal rats (P<0.05). After intravenous injection of AOPPs-modified rat serum albumin (AOPPs-RSA) in Sprague-Dawley rats, the paw mechanical thresholds, measured by the electronic von Frey system, significantly declined. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that AOPPs increased expressions of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) tissues. In-vitro studies were performed on primary DRG neurons which were obtained from both thoracic and lumbar DRG of rats. Results indicated that AOPPs triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in DRG neurons, which were significantly abolished by ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and small-interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing of Nox1 or Nox4. The expressions of Nox1, Nox4, TRPV1 and CGRP were significantly increased in AOPPs-induced DRG neurons. And relevant siRNA or inhibitors notably suppressed the expressions of these proteins and the calcium influxes in AOPPs-induced DRG neurons. In conclusion, AOPPs increased significantly in CFA-induced hyperalgesia rats and they activated Nox1/Nox4-ROS to sensitize TRPV1-dependent Ca2+ influx and CGRP release which led to inducing mechanical hyperalgesia.

Influence of α-tocopherol and α-lipoic acid on bisphenol-A-induced oxidative damage in liver and ovarian tissue of rats.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a commonly used material in daily life, and it is argued to cause oxidative stress in liver and ovarian tissue. α-Lipoic acid (ALA) and α-tocopherol (ATF), two of the most effective antioxidants, may play a role in preventing the toxic effect. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the beneficial effects of ALA, ATF, and that of ALA + ATF combination on oxidative damage induced by BPA. Female Wistar rats were divided into five groups (control, BPA, BPA + ALA, BPA + ATF, and BPA + ALA + ATF). BPA (25 mg/kg/day), ALA (100 mg/kg/day), and ATF (20 mg/kg/day) were administered for 30 days. The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver malondialdehyde (L-MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (L-GPx), and ovarian malondialdehyde (Ov-MDA) and nitric oxide (Ov-NO) were significantly higher in the BPA-treated groups compared with the control group. The levels of AST and ALT decreased in the BPA + ALA, BPA + ATF, and BPA + ALA + ATF groups compared with the BPA group. Similarly, BPA + ALA or BPA + ATF led to decreases in L-MDA and Ov-MDA levels compared with the BPA group. However, the BPA + ALA + ATF group showed a significant decrease in L-MDA levels compared with the BPA + ALA group and the BPA + ATF group. The levels of L-GPx decreased in the BPA + ATF and the BPA + ALA + ATF groups compared with the BPA group. The administration of ATF and ALA + ATF significantly decreased the Ov-NO levels. This study demonstrates that BPA causes oxidative damage in liver and ovarian tissues. ALA, ATF, or their combination were found to be beneficial in preventing BPA-induced oxidative stress.

[Oxidative stress after preterm birth: origins, biomarkers, and possible therapeutic approaches]. / Stress oxydant chez l'enfant prématuré : causes, biomarqueurs et possibilités thérapeutiques.

The survival of preterm babies has increased over the last few decades. However, disorders associated with preterm birth, known as oxygen radical diseases of neonatology, such as retinopathy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular leukomalacia, and necrotizing enterocolitis are severe complications related to oxidative stress, which can be defined by an imbalance between oxidative reactive species production and antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress causes lipid, protein, and DNA damage. Preterm infants have decreased antioxidant defenses in response to oxidative challenges, because the physiologic increase of antioxidant capacity occurs at the end of gestation in preparation for the transition to extrauterine life. Therefore, preterm infants are more sensitive to neonatal oxidative stress, notably when supplemental oxygen is being delivered. Furthermore, despite recent advances in the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, controversies persist concerning the oxygenation saturation targets that should be used in caring for preterm babies. Identification of adequate biomarkers of oxidative stress in preterm infants such as 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, and adduction of malondialdehyde to hemoglobin is important to promote specific therapeutic approaches. At present, no therapeutic strategy has been validated as prevention or treatment against oxidative stress. Breastfeeding should be considered as the main measure to improve the antioxidant status of preterm infants. In the last few years, melatonin has emerged as a protective molecule against oxidative stress, with antioxidant and free-radical scavenger roles, in experimental and preliminary human studies, giving hope that it can be used in preterm infants in the near future.

Whey protein supplementation increases methionine intake but not homocysteine plasma concentration in rats.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of whey protein supplementation on homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and liver oxidative stress in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 8) to receive one of the following diets for 4 weeks: control diet (C), whey protein-composed diet (WP), and whey protein-supplemented diet (WPS). The C and WP diets consisted of AIN-93 with 20% casein and 20% whey protein as protein source, respectively. WPS was AIN-93 (20% casein) supplemented by the addition of 20% (w/w) whey protein. Four weeks of ingesting a WPS diet resulted in a significantly higher (P < 0.05) total protein and methionine intakes. Although a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the hepatic S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine levels occurred in WPS group compared with C and WP, no significant change was observed in plasma Hcy concentration between groups. Furthermore, the levels of lipid hydroperoxides and advanced oxidation protein products, known liver oxidative stress markers, were increased in the WPS group compared with the C group. In addition, no change in glutathione liver concentration was observed in any of the groups studied. In conclusion, whey protein supplementation increases methionine intake substantially; however, it does not change plasma Hcy concentrations. On the other hand, increased hepatic oxidative stress markers were observed in whey protein supplemented rats were probably due to high protein intake.

The Tibetan herbal medicines Padma 28 and Padma Circosan inhibit the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in vitro.

BACKGROUND: Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) play a pivotal role in the development of diabetes associated diseases. The herbal medicines Padma 28 and Padma Circosan have shown effectiveness in symptoms of diabetes associated diseases and have antioxidant effects. It is not known whether inhibition of AGE and AOPP formation is a mechanism of their action. METHOD: BSA was subjected to glycation or oxidation with or without 70% ethanolic extracts of Padma 28, Padma Circosan or with an active control. AGE and AOPP concentrations were analyzed fluorimetrically or spectrophotometrically respectively and by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared to the positive control Padma 28, Padma Circosan and the active control significantly reduced AGE levels by 58.6%, 56.7%, and 8.14% (fluorimetry) and by 35.48, 34.19, and 19.68% (ELISA). AOPP were reduced by 57.28/66.78% (30'/60' incubation), by 67.08/71.99%, and by 81.68/86.54% (spectrophotometry) or by 79.98/86.97%, 79.3/84.3% and 77.07/90.31% (ELISA). All results are significantly different (p < 0.001). No difference was found between the effects of the two preparations. CONCLUSION: Both formulas significantly inhibited the formation of AGE and AOPP to a similar extent as the active controls. This suggests a possible role for both Padma preparations in the treatment and prevention of diabetes associated diseases.