RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Peripheral neurotoxicity (PN) is a frequent side effect of oxaliplatin treatment, and also is its dose-limiting toxicity. Studies have confirmed that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) had a neuroprotective effect. However, the efficacy of ω-3 PUFAs on the prevention of oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity remains unclear. We assessed the effect of ω-3 PUFAs on the neurotoxicity in colon cancer patients treated by oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 179 patients with colon cancer receiving oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine were recruited, and randomly assigned to take ω-3 PUFAs, 640âmg t.i.d during chemotherapy and 1 month after the end of the treatment or placebo. All patients were treated with chemotherapy for 6 treatment cycles. The incidence and severity of PN were evaluated, and the nerve conduction was measured before the onset of chemotherapy and 1 month after treatment. In addition, the quality of life was also accessed using Chinese version of European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire. RESULTS: The incidence of PN in the ω-3 PUFAs group and placebo group was 52.22% and 69.66%, respectively (Pâ=â.017). In addition, there was a significant difference in the severity of PN between the 2 groups (Pâ=â.017). In terms of motor and sensory nerve conduction, the sensory action potentials amplitude of sural nerve in the ω-3 PUFAs group and placebo group after chemotherapy treatment were (15.01â±â3.14) and (13.00â±â3.63) µ V respectively, suggesting there was a significant difference in the 2 groups (Pâ=â.000). In addition, the mean score of the global health-status/quality of life was obviously higher in the ω-3 PUFAs group than that in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: ω-3 PUFAs seem to reduce the incidence and severity of oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity, and improve the quality of patients' life, indicating it is expected to be a potential drug for the treatment of oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity.
Assuntos
Capecitabina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/prevenção & controle , Oxaliplatina/toxicidade , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Capecitabina/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-Cego , Esquema de Medicação , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/etiologia , Oxaliplatina/administração & dosagem , Oxaliplatina/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/induzido quimicamente , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/prevenção & controle , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Curcumin (CUR), a polyphenol derived from turmeric, exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it has poor water solubility, stability, and oral bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, lipid-polyester mixed nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in enteric polymer-EudragitL100-55(Eu) were formulated (CUR-NPs-Eu). NPs composed of mPEG-b-PCL have a hybrid core made up of middle chain triglyceride (MCT) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for enhancing drug loading. The CUR-NPs with MCT content of 10% had a particle size of 121.2 ± 16.8 nm, ζ potential of -16.25 ± 1.38 mV, drug loading of 9.8%, and encapsulation efficiency of 87.4%. The transport of the CUR-NPs-Eu across Caco-2 monolayers is enhanced compared with CUR alone (1.98 ± 0.94 × 10-6 of curcumin versus 55.43 ± 6.06 × 10-6 cm/s of curcumin-loaded NPs) because of the non-disassociated nanostructure during absorption. The absolute bioavailability of CUR-NPs-Eu was 7.14%, which was drastically improved from 1.08% of the CUR suspension (CUR-Sus). Therefore, in the xenograft 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, increased drug accumulation in heart and tumor was noticed because of enhanced oral bioavailability of CUR. The chemosensitizing effect of CUR was attributed to its NF-κB reduction effect (148 ± 11.83 of DOX alone versus 104 ± 8.71 of combined therapy, ng/g tissue). The cardioprotective effect of CUR was associated with maintenance of cardiac antioxidant enzyme activity and down-regulation of NF-κB. This study provided a partial illustration of the mechanisms of chemosensitizing and cardioprotective effects of CUR utilizing the oral availability promotion effect brought by the NPs-Eu formulation. And these results further demonstrated that the capability of this NPs-Eu system in oral delivery of poorly soluble and poorly permeable drugs.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacocinética , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiotoxicidade/prevenção & controle , Curcumina/farmacocinética , Doxorrubicina/farmacocinética , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Administração Oral , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/química , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Disponibilidade Biológica , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Células CACO-2 , Cardiotoxicidade/etiologia , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Curcumina/química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/química , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Absorção Intestinal , Masculino , Camundongos , Nanopartículas/química , Tamanho da Partícula , Poliésteres/química , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Ratos , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Green tea is the most ancient and popular beverage worldwide and its main constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has a potential role in the management of cancer through the modulation of cell signaling pathways. However, EGCG is frangible to oxidation and exhibits low lipid solubility and bioavailability, and we synthesized a derivative of EGCG in an attempt to overcome these limitations. AIM OF THE STUDY: The anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin (DNR) is a potent anticancer agent. However, its severe cardiotoxic limits its clinical efficacy. Human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) is one of the most effective human reductases for producing hydroxyl metabolites and thus may be involved in increasing the cardiotoxicity and decreasing the antineoplastic effect of anthracycline antibiotics. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the co-therapeutic effect of Y6, a novel and potent adjuvant obtained by optimization of the structure of EGCG. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cellular concentrations of DNR and its metabolite DNRol were measured by HPLC to determine the effects of EGCG and Y6 on the inhibition of DNRol formation. The cytotoxic effects of EGCG and Y6 were tested by MTT assay in order to identify non-toxic concentrations of them. To understand their antitumor and cardioprotective mechanisms, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and CBR1 protein expression was measured via Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining while gene expression was analyzed using RT-PCR. Moreover, PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways were analyzed via Western blotting. HepG2 xenograft model was used to detect the effects of EGCG and Y6 on the antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity of DNR in vivo. Finally, to obtain further insight into the interactions of Y6 and EGCG with HIF-1α and CBR1, we performed a molecular modeling. RESULTS: Y6(10 µg/ml or 55 mg/kg) decreased the expression of HIF-1α and CBR1 at both the mRNA and protein levels during combined drug therapy in vitro as well as in vivo, thereby inhibiting formation of the metabolite DNRol from DNR, with the mechanisms being related to PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling inhibition. In a human carcinoma xenograft model established with subcutaneous HepG2 cells, Y6(55 mg/kg) enhanced the antitumor effect and reduced the cardiotoxicity of DNR more effectively than EGCG(40 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS: Y6 has the ability to inhibit CBR1 expression through the coordinate inhibition of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling, then synergistically enhances the antitumor effect and reduces the cardiotoxicity of DNR.
Assuntos
Oxirredutases do Álcool/antagonistas & inibidores , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/prevenção & controle , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Daunorrubicina/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Oxirredutases do Álcool/genética , Oxirredutases do Álcool/metabolismo , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Arritmias Cardíacas/induzido quimicamente , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/enzimologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Cardiotoxicidade , Catequina/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Daunorrubicina/toxicidade , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/genética , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/enzimologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Transdução de Sinais , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its orally active prodrug, capecitabine, are widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, including colorectal cancer. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) plays an important role in the 5-FU metabolism. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene (DPYD) is a highly polymorphic gene with several hundreds of reported genetic variants and DPD activity levels vary considerably among individuals, with different 5-FU-related efficacy and toxicity. About 5% of the population is deficient in DPD enzyme activity. The most well studied DPYD variant is the IVS14+1G>A, also known as DPYD *2A. In this report, we present a case of a patient with a double heterozygote DPYD variant (DPYD activity score: 0,5 according to Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium) who experienced a severe fluoropyrimidine-related toxicity resolved without any consequence. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 46-years-old Caucasian man with diagnosis of left colon adenocarcinoma underwent left hemicolectomy on July 2017: pT3 G3 N1c M0. According to the disease stage, he started an adjuvant therapy with XELOX using capecitabine at 50% of total dose, because of his DPYD IVS14+1G>A variant, detected before the treatment. DIAGNOSIS: After few days, despite of this dose reduction, he experienced life-threatening adverse events such as mucositis G3, diarrhea G3, neutropenia G4, thrombocytopenia G4, and hyperbilirubinemia G3 according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v 5.0. INTERVENTIONS: As first, we set up an intensive rehydration therapy, antibiotic and antifungal prophylaxis, Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors, and supportive blood transfusions. Additional genetic tests revealed a double heterozygote variant of DPYD gene (DPYD IVS14+1G>A and 2846A>T) which is a very rare situation and only 3 cases are described in literature, all of them concluded with patient's death. OUTCOMES: After 3 weeks of intensive therapy, the patient was fully recovered. Furthermore, all the whole-body CT scans performed since discharge from the hospital until now, have confirmed no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Recent studies demonstrated that screening strategy for the most common DPYD variants allowed for avoiding toxicities and saving money. This report underlines the importance of genotyping DPYD before treatment and emphasizes the role of genotype-guided dose individualization.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Capecitabina/toxicidade , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Di-Hidrouracila Desidrogenase (NADP)/genética , Fluoruracila/análogos & derivados , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacocinética , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Capecitabina/farmacocinética , Capecitabina/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo/cirurgia , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/farmacocinética , Desoxicitidina/uso terapêutico , Desoxicitidina/toxicidade , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Fluoruracila/farmacocinética , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Fluoruracila/toxicidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , OxaloacetatosRESUMO
Using DNA comet assay we found that polysaccharides from Tussilago farfara L. reduced the intensity of polychemotherapy-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in bone marrow cells and small intestinal epithelium of C57Bl/6 mice, which attested to genoprotective properties of these polysaccharides.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/antagonistas & inibidores , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , DNA/química , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Tussilago/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Cisplatino/antagonistas & inibidores , Cisplatino/toxicidade , Ensaio Cometa , DNA/metabolismo , Duodeno/citologia , Duodeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Duodeno/metabolismo , Feminino , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Irinotecano/antagonistas & inibidores , Irinotecano/toxicidade , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Paclitaxel/antagonistas & inibidores , Paclitaxel/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess feasibility and efficacy of CKD-516, a vascular disrupting agent, in transarterial chemoembolization in a liver tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A VX2 carcinoma strain was implanted in rabbit liver (n = 40) and incubated for 2 weeks. After confirmation of tumor growth using computed tomography, transarterial chemoembolization was performed. CKD-516 was dissolved in ethiodized oil, and animals were allocated to 4 treatment groups (n = 10 in each): group A, ethiodized oil; group B, ethiodized oil/CKD-516; group C, ethiodized oil + doxorubicin; group D, ethiodized oil/CKD-516 + doxorubicin. To assess hepatic damage, serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels were measured on day 1, 3, and 7 after delivery. To assess tumor necrosis, animals were euthanized on day 7, and explanted tumors were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay. Percentage areas of viable tumors were calculated using digitalized histopathologic specimen images. RESULTS: Tumor viability rates were 47.1% ± 11.4%, 27.5% ± 13.6%, 14.4% ± 12.5%, and 0.7% ± 1.0% in groups A, B, C, and D (P < .001). Liver enzyme levels were elevated after drug delivery but recovered during follow-up. Significant between-group differences were observed on days 1, 3, and 7 (aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase: P = .0135 and P = .0134, P = .0390 and P = .0084, and P = .8260 and P = .0440). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with a combination of CKD-516 and conventional transarterial chemoembolization showed therapeutic benefit in a liver tumor model.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Benzofenonas/administração & dosagem , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/métodos , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Óleo Etiodado/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/terapia , Valina/análogos & derivados , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Inibidores da Angiogênese/toxicidade , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Benzofenonas/toxicidade , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Óleo Etiodado/toxicidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/patologia , Masculino , Necrose , Coelhos , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Valina/administração & dosagem , Valina/toxicidadeRESUMO
The present study demonstrates specific sensitization of leukemia lymphocytes towards anticancer drugs using melatonin and clarifies the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for induction of apoptosis. The study covers four conventional and 11 new-generation anticancer drugs. Four parameters were analyzed simultaneously in leukemia and normal lymphocytes treated with drug, melatonin, or their combination: cell viability, induction of apoptosis, level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and level of protein-carbonyl products. Almost all investigated combinations of melatonin with new-generation anticancer drugs were characterized by synergistic cytotoxicity towards leukemia lymphocytes, while the combinations with conventional drugs exhibited additive or antagonistic effects on cell viability. In leukemia lymphocytes, the additive cytotoxicity of doxorubicin plus melatonin was accompanied by low levels of ROS and protein-carbonyl products, as well as by suppression of apoptosis. In normal lymphocytes, none of the studied parameters changed significantly compared to cells treated with doxorubicin only. The combinations of everolimus plus melatonin and barasertib plus melatonin exhibited impressive synergistic cytotoxic effects on leukemia lymphocytes but did not affect the viability of normal lymphocytes. In leukemia cells, the synergistic cytotoxicity was accompanied by strong induction of apoptosis but a decrease of ROS to a level below that of the control. In normal lymphocytes, these combinations did not affect the level of ROS nor of protein-carbonyl products, and did not induce apoptosis. The data suggest that melatonin is a promising supplementary component in chemotherapy which allows the therapeutic doses of anticancer drugs to be reduced, minimizing their side-effects.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Leucemia de Células T/tratamento farmacológico , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Melatonina/farmacologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Células Jurkat , Leucemia de Células T/metabolismo , Leucemia de Células T/patologia , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Linfócitos/patologia , Melatonina/toxicidade , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/metabolismo , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/patologia , Carbonilação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a synthetic antineoplastic drug with severe and life-threatening side effects. Studies in search of protective agents, preferably natural products, that can alleviate these side effects are valuable because they can contribute to improve current chemotherapeutic treatment strategies. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn (family Hypoxidaceae) is well known for its medicinal use in the Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine, and various studies have been reported that proved its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the tumor reduction capacity of CTX in combination with C orchioides methanolic extract was studied using Dalton's lymphoma ascites-induced solid tumor models. Effect of C orchioides on the reversal of the damage induced by CTX administration (intraperitoneally) was also determined in this study. For this, solid tumor volume, serum cytokine levels, hematolological parameters, intestinal histopathology, and serum and tissue biochemical parameters (Glutathione [GSH], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], glutamate pyruvate transaminase [GPT], lipid peroxidation [LPO]) were analyzed. Immune suppression and increased serum proinflammatory cytokine levels caused by CTX administration (25 mg/kg body weight) were reversed by C orchioides (20 mg/kg body weight). The alcoholic extract enhanced the tumor reduction capacity of CTX and reduced GPT and ALP levels in liver and serum, which were elevated by CTX administration. The LPO level was also lower in the CTX-administered animals when treated with the C orchioides extract. In conclusion, the plant extract when administered in combination with CTX, can result in enhanced anticancer properties; it also ameliorates the toxic side effects of CTX.
Assuntos
Curculigo/química , Ciclofosfamida/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidade , Citocinas/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfoma/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma/patologia , Masculino , Ayurveda , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologiaRESUMO
DLBS1425 is a bioactive compound extracted from Phaleria macrocarpa, with anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties against cancer cells. The present study was aimed to assess cardiotoxicity of DLBS1425, compared to the mainstay regimen for breast cancer, 5-fluorouracil:doxorubicin:cyclophosphamide (FAC, given at 500/50/500 mg/m(2)). Treatment with FAC regimen at standard dose resulted in very severe toxicity, so mice had no chance to survive for more than 7 days following initial drug treatment. Furthermore, histological examination on the heart revealed severe muscular damage when mice were given the FAC regimen alone (severe toxicity). FAC as chemotherapeutic regimen exerted high toxicity profile to the cardiovascular cells in this experiment. Meanwhile, treatment with DLBS1425 alone up to a dose equivalent to as high as 300 mg three times daily in human had no hazardous consequences on the heart, hematological feature, as well as general safety. In the cardiovascular cells, DLBS1425 in the presence of FAC regimen (one-eight of the initial dose) gave protection to the cardiac muscle cells as well as other hematological features. Taken together, results of the present study suggest that DLBS1425 is safe when used as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer and may be even protective against cardiac cellular damage produced by chemotherapeutic regimen.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/toxicidade , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Animais , Tempo de Sangramento , Cardiomiopatias/induzido quimicamente , Cardiomiopatias/prevenção & controle , Cardiotoxicidade , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidade , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Feminino , Fluoruracila/toxicidade , Contagem de Leucócitos , Camundongos , Tempo de ProtrombinaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of therapeutically relevant dose levels of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) on testicular steroidogenic enzymes, and possible protective effects of an antioxidant cocktail (AC). METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats received BEP with or without the AC (α-tocopherol, L-ascorbic acid, selenium and zinc) for either (a) 4 days (short term; 1.5, 15 and 3 mg/kg), or (b) three cycles of 21 days each (0.75, 7.5 and 1.5 mg/kg), or (c) the three cycles with a 63-day recovery period. The expression of steroidogenic enzymes were measured in the testes by Western blotting and immunofluorescent labeling. RESULTS: The short-term BEP exposure resulted in a decrease in scavenger receptor class-B1 and an increase in luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). The AC with or without BEP has increased the levels of LHR, 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3ß-HSD) and 17ß-HSD, but without significant changes in testosterone levels. The three cycles of BEP up-regulated the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and down-regulated that of cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), cytochrome p450 17A1 (Cyp17A1, recovered by the AC) and 17ß-HSD, associated with significant reduction in testosterone levels. The three cycles with the recovery time led to decreases in LHR, StAR, P450scc and Cyp17A1 and increases in 3ß-HSD and 17ß-HSD. The AC did not enhance the recovery of the enzyme levels. CONCLUSION: The three cycles of BEP treatment inhibit the testosterone synthesis pathway even after the recovery time. The AC recovers the effects of BEP chemotherapy on a few steroidogenic enzymes.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testosterona/biossíntese , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Ácido Ascórbico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Bleomicina/administração & dosagem , Western Blotting , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Quimioterapia Combinada , Etoposídeo/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Selênio/administração & dosagem , Selênio/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/farmacologia , alfa-Tocoferol/administração & dosagem , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Most anticancer drugs are characterised by a steep dose-response relationship and narrow therapeutic window. Inter-individual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability is often substantial. The most relevant PK parameter for cytotoxic drugs is the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC). Thus it is somewhat surprising that therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is still uncommon for the majority of agents. Goals of the review were to assess the rationale for more widely used TDM of cytotoxics in oncology. There are several reasons why TDM has never been fully implemented into daily oncology practice. These include difficulties in establishing appropriate concentration target ranges, common use of combination chemotherapies for many tumour types, analytical challenges with prodrugs, intracellular compounds, the paucity of published data from pharmacological trials and 'Day1 = Day21' administration schedules. There are some specific situations for which these limitations are overcome, including high dose methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil infusion, mitotane and some high dose chemotherapy regimens. TDM in paediatric oncology represents an important challenge. Established TDM approaches includes the widely used anticancer agents carboplatin, busulfan and methotrexate, with 13-cis-retinoic acid also recently of interest. Considerable effort should be made to better define concentration-effect relationships and to utilise tools such as population PK/PD models and comparative randomised trials of classic dosing versus pharmacokinetically guided adaptive dosing. There is an important heterogeneity among clinical practices and a strong need to promote TDM guidelines among the oncological community.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Citotoxinas/farmacocinética , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacocinética , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sorafenib (Sb) is a multiple kinase inhibitor targeting both tumour cell proliferation and angiogenesis that may further act as a potent radiosensitizer by arresting cells in the most radiosensitive cell cycle phase. This phase I open-label, noncontrolled dose escalation study was performed to determine the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of Sb in combination with radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) in 17 patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma. METHODS: Patients were treated with RT (60 Gy in 2 Gy fractions) combined with TMZ 75 mg m(-2) daily, and Sb administered at three dose levels (200 mg daily, 200 mg BID, and 400 mg BID) starting on day 8 of RT. Thirty days after the end of RT, patients received monthly TMZ (150-200 mg m(-2) D1-5/28) and Sb (400 mg BID). Pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses were performed on day 8 (TMZ) and on day 21 (TMZ&Sb) (Clinicaltrials ID: NCT00884416). RESULTS: The MTD of Sb was established at 200 mg BID. Dose-limiting toxicities included thrombocytopenia (two patients), diarrhoea (one patient) and hypercholesterolaemia (one patient). Sb administration did not affect the mean area under the curve(0-24) and mean Cmax of TMZ and its metabolite 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AIC). Tmax of both TMZ and AIC was delayed from 0.75 (TMZ alone) to 1.5 h (combined TMZ/Sb). The median progression-free survival was 7.9 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4-14.55), and the median overall survival was 17.8 months (95% CI: 14.7-25.6). CONCLUSIONS: Although Sb can be combined with RT and TMZ, significant side effects and moderate outcome results do not support further clinical development in malignant gliomas. The robust PK data of the TMZ/Sb combination could be useful in other cancer settings.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Glioblastoma/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacocinética , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidade , Quimiorradioterapia , Dacarbazina/administração & dosagem , Dacarbazina/análogos & derivados , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Glioblastoma/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Niacinamida/administração & dosagem , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Compostos de Fenilureia/administração & dosagem , Sorafenibe , Temozolomida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We conducted an in vivo study to evaluate the anticancer effect and toxicity of fine-powder cisplatin suspended in lipiodol (fCDDP/LPD suspension) after a single administration of three different doses to rats via the intrahepatic artery after transplantation of rat ascites hepatoma cells. The toxicity of the fCDDP/LPD suspension was also assessed in the same protocol in noncancer-bearing rats and the observed toxicologic changes were compared among groups administered saline (Sal), an aqueous solution of fCDDP (fCDDP/Sal solution), and LPD alone. In parallel with the toxicity test, plasma CDDP concentrations were compared between the fCDDP/LPD suspension and fCDDP/Sal solution. The mean weight of the tumors in the fCDDP/LPD suspension groups was significantly less than in the LPD-alone group. The pathologic changes in the liver observed in the fCDDP/LPD suspension group increased with dose, were more marked compared with those in the fCDDP/Sal solution and LPD-alone groups, and were reversible. No other toxicologic effects were observed. The concentration of CDDP in the plasma in the fCDDP/LPD suspension group was slightly lower than that in the fCDDP/Sal solution group. In conclusion, the results indicate that the fCDDP/LPD suspension has sufficient anticancer efficacy and tolerability for use in the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Óleo Etiodado/administração & dosagem , Artéria Hepática , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Transplante de Neoplasias , Tamanho da Partícula , Pós , Ratos , Testes de Toxicidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) following oxaliplatin based chemotherapy can have a significant impact on post-operative outcome following resection of colorectal liver metastases. To date no relevant experimental models of oxaliplatin induced SOS have been described. The aim of this project was to establish a rodent model which could be utilised to investigate mechanisms underlying SOS to aid the development of therapeutic strategies. METHODS: C57Bl/6 mice, maintained on a purified diet, were treated with intra-peritoneal FOLFOX (n=10), or vehicle (n=10), weekly for five weeks and culled one week following final treatment. Sections of the liver and spleen were fixed in formalin and paraffin embedded for histological analysis. The role of oxidative stress on experimental-induced SOS was determined by dietary supplementation with butylated hydroxyanisole and N-acetylcysteine. RESULTS: FOLFOX treatment was associated with the development of sinusoidal dilatation and hepatocyte atrophy on H&E stained sections of the liver in keeping with SOS. Immunohistochemistry for p21 demonstrated the presence of replicative senescence within the sinusoidal endothelium. FOLFOX induced endothelial damage leads to a pro-thrombotic state within the liver associated with upregulation of PAI-1 (p<0.001), vWF (p<0.01) and Factor X (p<0.001), which may contribute to the propagation of liver injury. Dietary supplementation with the antioxidant BHA prevented the development of significant SOS. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed the first reproducible model of chemotherapy induced SOS that reflects the pathogenesis of this disease in patients. It appears that the use of antioxidants alongside oxaliplatin based chemotherapy may be of value in preventing the development of SOS in patients with colorectal liver metastases.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Hepatopatia Veno-Oclusiva/induzido quimicamente , Compostos Organoplatínicos/toxicidade , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Ciclo Celular , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21/genética , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21/metabolismo , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fluoruracila/toxicidade , Hepatopatia Veno-Oclusiva/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Veno-Oclusiva/patologia , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Leucovorina/toxicidade , Cirrose Hepática/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Neovascularização Patológica/induzido quimicamente , Oxaliplatina , Estresse Oxidativo , Serpina E2/genética , Serpina E2/metabolismo , Trombose/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate whether religious practice can modify quality of life (QoL) in BC patients during chemotherapy. QoL and religion practice questionnaire (RPQ) scores were evaluated in a sample of BC patients in different moments. Before chemotherapy initiation, women with lower physical and social functional scores displayed higher RPQ scores. On the other hand, low RPQ patients worsened some QoL scores over time. Body image acceptance was positively correlated with religious practice and specifically praying activity. This preliminary study suggests the importance of religion in coping with cancer chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Religião e Medicina , Religião e Psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Brasil , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Cura pela Fé , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Projetos Piloto , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Curcumin (Cum), the principal polyphenolic curcuminoid, obtained from the turmeric rhizome Curcuma longa, is recently reported to have potential antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Docetaxel (Doc) is considered as first-line chemotherapy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Here we report for the first time that Cum could synergistically enhance the in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy of Doc against lung cancer. In the current study, combination index (CI) is calculated in both in vitro and in vivo studies to determine the interaction between Cum and Doc. In the in vitro cytotoxicity test, media-effect analysis clearly indicated a synergistic interaction between Cum and Doc in certain concentrations. Moreover, in vivo evaluation further demonstrated the superior anticancer efficacy of Cum + Doc compared with Doc alone by intravenous delivery in an established A549 transplanted xenograft model. Results showed that Cum synergistically increased the efficacy of Doc immediately after 4 days of the initial treatment. Additionally, simultaneous administration of Cum and Doc showed little toxicity to normal tissues including bone marrow and liver at the therapeutic doses. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated the satisfying synergistic antitumor efficacy of Cum and Doc against lung cancer and the introduction of Cum in traditional chemotherapy is a most promising way to counter the spread of non-small cell lung cancer.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Taxoides/administração & dosagem , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/toxicidade , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Curcumina/toxicidade , Docetaxel , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Taxoides/toxicidade , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oxaliplatin in combination with either 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine is commonly used in the treatment of colorectal cancer and is rarely associated with pulmonary toxicity. This is the first reported case of oxaliplatin and capecitabine/5-fluorouracil causing pulmonary toxicity in a patient with pre-existing asymptomatic interstitial lung disease. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a man who was treated with oxaliplatin and capecitabine for 1 cycle, then subsequently with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil following a resected Dukes' C colon carcinoma. His preoperative computed tomography scan incidentally showed mild pulmonary interstitial changes for which he was asymptomatic. He developed pulmonary fibrosis during the course of his chemotherapy, and therefore further chemotherapy was stopped. He was treated with high dose steroids and immunosuppressants which initially stabilized his respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary fibrosis is a rare complication of oxaliplatin and capecitabine/5-fluorouracil. With the widespread use of oxaliplatin combinations in colorectal cancer, active assessment for interstitial lung disease is recommended and caution in its use should be exercised in those with pre-existing interstitial lung disease.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrose Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Capecitabina , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Colectomia , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Desoxicitidina/toxicidade , Esquema de Medicação , Dispneia/induzido quimicamente , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Fluoruracila/análogos & derivados , Fluoruracila/toxicidade , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/complicações , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Medidas de Volume Pulmonar , Masculino , Neoplasias/cirurgia , Compostos Organoplatínicos/administração & dosagem , Compostos Organoplatínicos/toxicidade , Oxaliplatina , Fibrose Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
As breast cancer survival increases, cardiotoxicity associated with chemotherapeutic regimens such as anthracyclines and trastuzumab becomes a more significant issue. Assessment of the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction fails to detect subtle alterations in LV function. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether more sensitive echocardiographic measurements and biomarkers could predict future cardiac dysfunction in chemotherapy-treated patients. Forty-three patients diagnosed with breast cancer who received anthracyclines and trastuzumab therapy underwent echocardiography and blood sampling at 3 time points (baseline and 3 and 6 months during the course of chemotherapy). The LV ejection fraction; peak systolic myocardial longitudinal, radial, and circumferential strain; echocardiographic markers of diastolic function; N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I were measured. Nine patients (21%) developed cardiotoxicity (1 at 3 months and 8 at 6 months) as defined by the Cardiac Review and Evaluation Committee reviewing trastuzumab. A decrease in longitudinal strain from baseline to 3 months and detectable high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I at 3 months were independent predictors of the development of cardiotoxicity at 6 months. The LV ejection fraction, parameters of diastolic function, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide did not predict cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, cardiac troponin plasma concentrations and longitudinal strain predict the development of cardiotoxicity in patients treated with anthracyclines and trastuzumab. The 2 parameters may be useful to detect chemotherapy-treated patients who may benefit from alternative therapies, potentially decreasing the incidence of cardiotoxicity and its associated morbidity and mortality.
Assuntos
Antraciclinas/toxicidade , Anticorpos Monoclonais/toxicidade , Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Volume Sistólico , Trastuzumab , Resultado do Tratamento , Troponina C/sangue , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/sangueAssuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Ouro/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Nanopartículas/química , Dióxido de Silício/farmacologia , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/química , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Ouro/química , Ouro/toxicidade , Humanos , Camundongos , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Tamanho da Partícula , Fototerapia , Porosidade , Dióxido de Silício/química , Dióxido de Silício/toxicidade , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Sorafenib has demonstrated single agent activity in non-small cell (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Carboplatin/pemetrexed (CbP) and cisplatin/etoposide (PE) are commonly used in the treatment of these diseases. METHODS: A phase I trial escalating doses of sorafenib in combination with fixed doses of PE (Arm A) or CbP (Arm B) was performed using a 3-patient cohort design to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT); DLT were assessed in the first cycle. The trial was subsequently amended with closure of Arm B and to include Arm C with a reduced dose of carboplatin. RESULTS: Between 9/2007 and 9/2008, 20 pts were treated on the trial; median age 62 (range 42-73), male/female ratio 12/8, PS 0/1 ratio 6/14, and median number of prior therapies 2 (range 1-4). The most common tumor types were NSCLC and SCLC. On Arm A at dose level 0 (sorafenib 200 mg BID), 2 of 4 patients experienced DLT; 2 patients were enrolled at dose level -1 (sorafenib 200 mg QD) without DLT, but this arm was closed due to slow accrual. On Arm B, 2 of 3 patients experienced DLT at dose level 0 (sorafenib 200 mg BID). On Arm C at dose level 0 (sorafenib 200 mg BID), 1 of 6 patients experienced DLT, and at dose level +1 (sorafenib 400 mg BID) 2 of 5 patients experienced a DLT. CONCLUSIONS: The MTD of sorafenib was 200 mg BID continuously in combination with carboplatin (AUC of 5) and pemetrexed 500 mg/m² every 3 weeks. However, only 6 patients were treated at this dose level, and the results should be interpreted cautiously.