Zinc supplementation ameliorates lung injury by reducing neutrophil recruitment and activity.

INTRODUCTION: Zinc is well known for its anti-inflammatory effects, including regulation of migration and activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Zinc deficiency is associated with inflammatory diseases such as acute lung injury (ALI). As deregulated neutrophil recruitment and their hyper-activation are hallmarks of ALI, benefits of zinc supplementation on the development of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced ALI were tested. METHODS: 64 C57Bl/6 mice, split into eight groups, were injected with 30 µg zinc 24 hours before exposure to aerosolised LPS for 4 hours. Zinc homoeostasis was characterised measuring serum and lung zinc concentrations as well as metallothionein-1 expression. Recruitment of neutrophils to alveolar, interstitial and intravascular space was assessed using flow cytometry. To determine the extent of lung damage, permeability and histological changes and the influx of protein into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured. Inflammatory status and PMN activity were evaluated via tumour necrosis factor α levels and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. The effects of zinc supplementation prior to LPS stimulation on activation of primary human granulocytes and integrity of human lung cell monolayers were assessed as well. RESULTS: Injecting zinc 24 hours prior to LPS-induced ALI indeed significantly decreased the recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs and prevented their hyperactivity and thus lung damage was decreased. Results from in vitro investigations using human cells suggest the transferability of the finding to human disease, which remains to be tested in more detail. CONCLUSION: Zinc supplementation attenuated LPS-induced lung injury in a murine ALI model. Thus, the usage of zinc-based strategies should be considered to prevent detrimental consequences of respiratory infection and lung damage in risk groups.

Targeted Complement Inhibition at Synapses Prevents Microglial Synaptic Engulfment and Synapse Loss in Demyelinating Disease.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. While work has focused on myelin and axon loss in MS, less is known about mechanisms underlying synaptic changes. Using postmortem human MS tissue, a preclinical nonhuman primate model of MS, and two rodent models of demyelinating disease, we investigated synapse changes in the visual system. Similar to other neurodegenerative diseases, microglial synaptic engulfment and profound synapse loss were observed. In mice, synapse loss occurred independently of local demyelination and neuronal degeneration but coincided with gliosis and increased complement component C3, but not C1q, at synapses. Viral overexpression of the complement inhibitor Crry at C3-bound synapses decreased microglial engulfment of synapses and protected visual function. These results indicate that microglia eliminate synapses through the alternative complement cascade in demyelinating disease and identify a strategy to prevent synapse loss that may be broadly applicable to other neurodegenerative diseases. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Protection of salvianolate against atherosclerosis via regulating the inflammation in rats.

Inflammation plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Our study was aimed to investigate whether salvianolate, a novel water-soluble phenolic compound of Danshen, alleviates atherosclerosis via regulating the inflammation in rats. High fat diet feeding plus vitamin D3 injection was used to induce atherosclerosis in rats. Salvianolate (60, 120 or 240 mg/kg) or placebo was given to atherosclerotic rats. The plasma lipids, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured by ELISA. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells were determined by flow cytometry. Histological changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The results showed that the levels of plasma IL-6 and CRP were elevated in the rats fed on high fat diet, and the histological analysis demonstrated the successful establishment of atherosclerosis models. Treatment with salvianolate alleviated the atherosclerotic process and decreased the levels of plasma IL-6 and CRP. Also the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells was increased in salvianolate-treated rats. It was concluded that salvianolate could treat atherosclerosis via modulating the inflammation at cytokine and cell levels.

Treatment of C3 glomerulopathy with complement blockers.

C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is a newly defined clinical entity comprising glomerular lesions with predominant C3 staining. Under this definition are now included membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II (dense deposit disease) and C3 glomerulonephritis. This group of glomerular diseases with a heterogeneous histological aspect shares a common pathogenesis, that is, a dysregulation of the alternative pathway of complement in the fluid phase leading to C3 deposition in the kidney. Recent advances have expanded our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, leading to the hypothesis that blocking the alternative complement pathway may be an effective treatment for C3Gs, as has been shown in other renal diseases driven by alternative pathway dysregulation, such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Results of 11 published cases of patients with different forms of C3G treated with eculizumab, an anti-C5 humanized monoclonal antibody, are encouraging. Given the complexity of disease pathogenesis in C3G, a patient-tailored approach including a comprehensive workup of complement abnormalities is necessary to evaluate the best treatment options. Clinical trials assessing effectiveness of different complement blockers on the background of the individual complement profile are needed.

Vitamin D3 mediated effects on postprandial leukocyte activation and arterial stiffness in men and women.

Postprandial inflammation is considered to be pro-atherogenic. Vitamin D can reduce inflammation and arterial stiffness. We hypothesized that vitamin D3 improves postprandial arterial elasticity by the modulation of leukocyte activation. Healthy volunteers underwent two oral fat-loading tests (OFLTs). The augmentation index (AIx) and flow cytometric quantification of leukocyte activation markers were measured. After the first OFLT, 100 000 IU of vitamin D3 was administered and a second OFLT was carried out 7 days later. Six men and six women were included. A favorable reduction in AIx was found after vitamin D3 supplementation (P=0.042) in both genders. After vitamin D3, exclusively in women a reduction in the area under the postprandial curve for monocytes CD11b and CD35 by 10.5% (P=0.016) and 12.5% (P=0.04) and neutrophil CD11b by 17.0% (P=0.014) was observed. In conclusion, vitamin D3 probably increased postprandial arterial elasticity in men and women, but reduced postprandial leukocyte activation exclusively in women.

Protection of salvianolate against atherosclerosis via regulating the inflammation in rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Inflammation plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Our study was aimed to investigate whether salvianolate, a novel water-soluble phenolic compound of Danshen, alleviates atherosclerosis via regulating the inflammation in rats. High fat diet feeding plus vitamin D3 injection was used to induce atherosclerosis in rats. Salvianolate (60, 120 or 240 mg/kg) or placebo was given to atherosclerotic rats. The plasma lipids, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured by ELISA. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells were determined by flow cytometry. Histological changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The results showed that the levels of plasma IL-6 and CRP were elevated in the rats fed on high fat diet, and the histological analysis demonstrated the successful establishment of atherosclerosis models. Treatment with salvianolate alleviated the atherosclerotic process and decreased the levels of plasma IL-6 and CRP. Also the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells was increased in salvianolate-treated rats. It was concluded that salvianolate could treat atherosclerosis via modulating the inflammation at cytokine and cell levels.

A study on the effect of ethanol extract of Radix rhapontici on erythrocyte immune function in rats.

This paper mainly studied the effect of ethanol extract of Radix rhapontici on erythrocyte immune function in SD rats with acute blood stasis. The methods used the effect on erythrocyte immune function. After intragastric administration of suspension of ethanol extract of Radix rhapontici to SD rats for 3 weeks, on the 21st day from intragastric administration, SD rats were made into blood stasis model and bloods were collected to determine the C3b, C3bRR, RFIR, and RFER in erythrocyte immune function. Meanwhile, serum total antioxidant activity (TAA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level of rats were determined, and experimental results were analysed with analysis of variance and Q test. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Radix rhapontici had a very good effect on enhancement of erythrocyte immune function in SD rats.

IgG antibodies in food allergy influence allergen-antibody complex formation and binding to B cells: a role for complement receptors.

Allergen-IgE complexes are more efficiently internalized and presented by B cells than allergens alone. It has been suggested that IgG Abs induced by immunotherapy inhibit these processes. Food-allergic patients have high allergen-specific IgG levels. However, the role of these Abs in complex formation and binding to B cells is unknown. To investigate this, we incubated sera of peanut- or cow's milk-allergic patients with their major allergens to form complexes and added them to EBV-transformed or peripheral blood B cells (PBBCs). Samples of birch pollen-allergic patients were used as control. Complex binding to B cells in presence or absence of blocking Abs to CD23, CD32, complement receptor 1 (CR1, CD35), and/or CR2 (CD21) was determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, intact and IgG-depleted sera were compared. These experiments showed that allergen-Ab complexes formed in birch pollen, as well as food allergy, contained IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 Abs and bound to B cells. Binding of these complexes to EBV-transformed B cells was completely mediated by CD23, whereas binding to PBBCs was dependent on both CD23 and CR2. This reflected differential receptor expression. Upon IgG depletion, allergen-Ab complexes bound to PBBCs exclusively via CD23. These data indicated that IgG Abs are involved in complex formation. The presence of IgG in allergen-IgE complexes results in binding to B cells via CR2 in addition to CD23. The binding to both CR2 and CD23 may affect Ag processing and presentation, and (may) thereby influence the allergic response.

[Effect of Shenfu injection on the erythrocyte immune function of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Shenfu Injection (SFI) on erythrocyte immunity function of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Twenty patients scheduled for valve replacement were randomly assigned to two groups, i.e. , the SFI group and the control group, 10 in each. SFI 1 mL/kg was intravenously dripped before induction of anesthesia and SFI 1 mL/kg administered in priming solution in the SFI group, while only normal saline was given to those in the control group. Venous blood samples (5 mL) were collected before induction of anesthesia (T1), 30 min CPB (T2), immediate by the end of CPB (T3), and postoperative 24 h (T4) respectively in all groups. The levels of the rosette rate of RBC-C3b receptor (RBC-C3bRR), the rosette rate of RBC-immune complex (RBC-ICR), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), free hemoglobin (FHB), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the levels of RBC-C3bRR, RBC-ICR, plasma MDA, FHB, and IL-6 at T1 in both groups (P > 0.05). RBC-C3bRR at the rest time points was lower in the two groups than before induction of anesthesia. There was no statistical difference in FHB or IL-6 between T4 and T1 in the SFI group. The levels of RBC-ICR, MDA, FHB, and IL-6 increased in the two groups more than before induction of anesthesia at T2-4 ( P < 0.05). Besides, the RBC-C3b RR was lower, and levels of RBC-ICR, MDA, FHB, and IL-6 higher in the control group than in the SFI group, showing significant difference (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: SFI could decrease the generation of inflammatory mediators during CPB, improve the erythrocyte immune function of patients during CPB, and reduce the risk of postoperative infection.

Effect of Shenfu injection on the erythrocyte immune function of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Shenfu Injection (SFI) on erythrocyte immunity function of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty patients scheduled for valve replacement were randomly assigned to two groups, i.e. , the SFI group and the control group, 10 in each. SFI 1 mL/kg was intravenously dripped before induction of anesthesia and SFI 1 mL/kg administered in priming solution in the SFI group, while only normal saline was given to those in the control group. Venous blood samples (5 mL) were collected before induction of anesthesia (T1), 30 min CPB (T2), immediate by the end of CPB (T3), and postoperative 24 h (T4) respectively in all groups. The levels of the rosette rate of RBC-C3b receptor (RBC-C3bRR), the rosette rate of RBC-immune complex (RBC-ICR), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), free hemoglobin (FHB), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in the levels of RBC-C3bRR, RBC-ICR, plasma MDA, FHB, and IL-6 at T1 in both groups (P > 0.05). RBC-C3bRR at the rest time points was lower in the two groups than before induction of anesthesia. There was no statistical difference in FHB or IL-6 between T4 and T1 in the SFI group. The levels of RBC-ICR, MDA, FHB, and IL-6 increased in the two groups more than before induction of anesthesia at T2-4 ( P < 0.05). Besides, the RBC-C3b RR was lower, and levels of RBC-ICR, MDA, FHB, and IL-6 higher in the control group than in the SFI group, showing significant difference (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SFI could decrease the generation of inflammatory mediators during CPB, improve the erythrocyte immune function of patients during CPB, and reduce the risk of postoperative infection.</p>

Improving therapeutic efficacy of a complement receptor by structure-based affinity maturation.

CRIg is a recently discovered complement C3 receptor expressed on a subpopulation of tissue-resident macrophages. The extracellular IgV domain of CRIg (CRIg-ECD) holds considerable promise as a potential therapeutic because it selectively inhibits the alternative pathway of complement by binding to C3b and inhibiting proteolytic activation of C3 and C5. However, CRIg binds weakly to the convertase subunit C3b (K(D) = 1.1 microm), and thus a relatively high concentration of protein is required to reach nearly complete complement inhibition. To improve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing risk of immunogenicity, we devised a phage display strategy to evolve a high affinity CRIg-ECD variant with a minimal number of mutations. Using the crystal structure of CRIg in complex with C3b as a guide for library design, we isolated a CRIg-ECD double mutant (Q64R/M86Y, CRIg-v27) that showed increased binding affinity and improved complement inhibitory activity relative to CRIg-ECD. In a mouse model of arthritis, treatment with a Fc fusion of CRIg-v27 resulted in a significant reduction in clinical scores compared with treatment with an Fc fusion of CRIg-ECD. This study clearly illustrates how phage display technology and structural information can be combined to generate proteins with nearly natural sequences that act as potent complement inhibitors with greatly improved therapeutic efficacy.

[Construction expression and biologic activity of recombinant human sCR1 eucaryotic cell].

AIM: To express human soluble complement receptor type 1(sCR1)protein using ferment cell secreting type carrier and study the extraorgan biologic activity of recombinant human sCR1 fusion protein. METHODS: Total human RNA was extracted from peripheral blood. The full length cDNA of human sCR1 gene was obtained by RT-PCR and them, cloned into Pichia pastoris eukaryotic expression vector pPIC9k to construct the recombinant plasmid pPIC9k-sCR1 containing human sCR1.After identified by DNA sequencing, the recombinant plasmid pPIC9k-sCR1 was transformed into Pichia pastoris SMD1168. The ferment cell line of the recombinant sCR1 which was chosen by G418 resistance was identified by PCR, After methanol induction, the expressed protein products were verified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot, purified by Ni(2+)-NTA agarose affinity chromatography, and its biologic activity was identified. RESULTS: The obtained Pichia pastoris secretion type yeast carrier pPIC9k-sCR1 was chosen by G418 and identified by PCR to get a highly copied and integral recombinant ferment cell line. The recombinant human sCR1 fusion protein was expressed by yeast cells containing pPIC9k-sCR1 induced by methanol. It was a protein band about M(r) 31 000 in gel, which could be identified by CD35 of anti-sCR1 protein monoclonal antibody with Western blotting technique. The highly purified sCR1 fusion protein and its biologic activity were detected obtained by Ni(2+)-NTA agarose affinity chromatography. CONCLUSION: The recombinant human sCR1 fusion protein can be highly expressed in the Pichia pastoris expression system, which resembles the human natural protein's antigenicity and biologic activity.

[Effects of Patrinia scabra bunge macroporous adsorptive resins extracts on erythrocyte immune function in tumor bearing mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study the erythrocyte immuno-regulatory effect of Patrinia scabra Bunge extracts extracted by macroporous adsorptive resins in tumor bearing mice. METHODS: Patrinia scabra Bunge was extracted by macroporous adsorptive resins, and the amount of polysaccharides and saponins in the extract were determined. Mice bearing S180 tumor were treated with the extract and their survival prolongation rate, erythrocyte rosette formation rates of C3b receptor (ERR-CR), immune complex (ERR-IC) and tumor cell (ERR-TC), as well as the CD35 and CD44s were observed. RESULTS: Polysaccharide content was 21.4%, saponin 41.8% in the extract. As compared with the model group, the survival rate was increased, the erythrocyte immune function was improved (showed increase of ERR-CR and ERR-TC, decrease of ERR-IC), and the amount of CD35 and CD44s in red blood cell membrane increased in mice after being treated with the extract (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Extract of Patrinia scabra Bunge extracted by macroporous adsorptive resins can regulate the erythrocyte immune function to a certain extent.

[Erythrocyte immunologic function effects of Patrinia scabra extracts by macroporous adsorptive resins on mice burdened transplanted tumor].

OBJECTIVE: To research the erythrocyte immunoregulation effects of Patrinia scabra extracts by macroporous adsorptive resins on mice burdened transplanted tumor. METHODS: Extracts of Patrinia scabra Bunge were separated by macroporous adsorptive resins, ingredients were analysised. Mice burdened transplanted tumor were given extracted drugs. Life prolongation rate was observed, erythrocyte immunologic function and the CD35, CD44s contents of red blood cell were evaluated. RESULTS: Polysaccharide and saponin accounted for 8.4% and 48.4%. Extracts could porolong life expectancy of mice, improve erythrocyte immunolgic function and increase the CD35 and CD44s contents of red blood cell. CONCLUSION: Extracts of Patrinia scabra Bunge by macroporous adsorptive resins have erythrocyte immunoregulation effects on mice burdened transplanted tumor.

Effects of Patrinia scabra bunge macroporous adsorptive resins extracts on erythrocyte immune function in tumor bearing mice / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the erythrocyte immuno-regulatory effect of Patrinia scabra Bunge extracts extracted by macroporous adsorptive resins in tumor bearing mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patrinia scabra Bunge was extracted by macroporous adsorptive resins, and the amount of polysaccharides and saponins in the extract were determined. Mice bearing S180 tumor were treated with the extract and their survival prolongation rate, erythrocyte rosette formation rates of C3b receptor (ERR-CR), immune complex (ERR-IC) and tumor cell (ERR-TC), as well as the CD35 and CD44s were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Polysaccharide content was 21.4%, saponin 41.8% in the extract. As compared with the model group, the survival rate was increased, the erythrocyte immune function was improved (showed increase of ERR-CR and ERR-TC, decrease of ERR-IC), and the amount of CD35 and CD44s in red blood cell membrane increased in mice after being treated with the extract (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Extract of Patrinia scabra Bunge extracted by macroporous adsorptive resins can regulate the erythrocyte immune function to a certain extent.</p>

Preclinical evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of soluble complement receptor type 1 in a nonhuman primate model of reperfused stroke.

OBJECT: Postischemic cerebral inflammatory injury has been extensively investigated in an effort to develop effective neuroprotective agents. The complement cascade has emerged as an important contributor to postischemic neuronal injury. Soluble complement receptor Type 1 (sCR1), a potent inhibitor of complement activation, has been shown to reduce infarct volume and improve functional outcome after murine stroke. Given numerous high-profile failures to translate promising antiinflammatory strategies from the laboratory to the clinic and given the known species-specificity of the complement cascade, the authors sought to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of sCR1 in a nonhuman primate model of stroke. METHODS: A total of 48 adult male baboons (Papio anubis) were randomly assigned to receive 15 mg/kg of sCR1 or vehicle. The animals were subjected to 75 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion. Perioperative blood samples were analyzed for total complement activity by using a CH50 assay. Infarct volume and neurological scores were assessed at the time the animals were killed, and immunohistochemistry was used to determine cerebral drug penetration and C1q deposition. An interim futility analysis led to termination of the trial after study of 12 animals. Total serum complement activity was significantly depressed in the sCR1-treated animals compared with the controls. Immunostaining also demonstrated sCR1 deposition in the ischemic hemispheres of treated animals. Despite these findings, there were no significant differences in infarct volume or neurological score between the sCR1--and vehicle-treated cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: A preischemic bolus infusion of sCR1, the most effective means of administration in mice, was not neuroprotective in a primate model. This study illustrates the utility of a translational primate model of stroke in the assessment of promising antiischemic agents prior to implementation of large-scale clinical trials.

Genetic deficiency of C3 as well as CNS-targeted expression of the complement inhibitor sCrry ameliorates experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.

In this report, we describe the effect of complement deficiency and inhibition on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). C57BL/6 mice genetically deficient in C3 (C3-/-) or expressing a soluble complement activation inhibitor (soluble complement receptor related protein Y or sCrry) in a CNS-targeted fashion, (sCrry/GFAP) were induced for EAU via peripheral immunisation with a peptide of amino acids 1-20 of human interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein in complete Freund's adjuvant with concurrent intraperitoneal pertussis toxin. The incidence and severity of EAU in the mutant mice was compared with that in simultaneously induced C57BL/6 wild type mice. The sCrry protein was detected in retinal extracts from transgenic but not wild type mice by western blot. C3-/- mice had a significant reduction in the incidence of EAU compared with wild type mice (incidence 44 versus 89%, respectively, p=0.0417) and a significant reduction in the severity of EAU (median disease score values 0 versus 1.3, respectively, p=0.0253). Similarly, sCrry mice had a significant reduction in the incidence of EAU compared with wild type mice (incidence 57 versus 100% respectively, p=0.0033) and a significant reduction in the severity of EAU (median disease score values 0.18 versus 1.85, respectively, p=0.0054). A genetic deficiency of C3 and production of a soluble complement inhibitor targeted to the CNS and eye are protective against EAU.

[Study on the effects of two kinds of cactus polysaccharide on erythrocyte immune function of S180 mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of two kinds of cactus polysaccharide on erythrocyte immune function in S180 mice. METHOD: Classical pharmaceutical method and test kit. RESULT: The cactus polysaccharide increased the content of RBC-CaR, RFER, decreased the content of RFIR, raised the content of sialic acid. And the effect of median dose group of medical cactus polysaccharide and high dose group of edible cactus polysaccharide is very remarkable (P < 0.01) compared with model group. CONCLUSION: The cactus polysaccharide improved the erythrocyte function of tumor-mice, which may be one of anti-tumor mechanisms.

[Effect of shenmai injection on immunologic function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Shenmai Injection (SMI) on immunologic function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS: Fifty-six patients were divided into two groups, the control group treated with conventional western medicine, and the SMI group treated with conventional western medicine plus SMI. The indices including red blood cell (RBC) C3b receptor rosette (RBC-C3bRR) and immune complex rosette (RBC-ICR), T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8) were determined before and after treatment. RESULTS: The level of RBC-C3bRR, CD4, CD8 and CD3 in patients with DCM were significantly decreased (P <0 .01, P < 0.05), RBC-ICR and CD4/CD8 were significantly increased than those in the normal control group (P < 0.01); While the level of RBC-C3bRR, CD4, CD8 and CD3 in the SMI group after treatment were significantly higher, and the level of RBC-ICR and CD4/CD8 were significantly lower (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: The RBC immune adherence and cellular immune function are lower in patients with DCM, and SMI has the effect in regulating immune function in patients with DCM.

Study on the effects of two kinds of cactus polysaccharide on erythrocyte immune function of S180 mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of two kinds of cactus polysaccharide on erythrocyte immune function in S180 mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Classical pharmaceutical method and test kit.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The cactus polysaccharide increased the content of RBC-CaR, RFER, decreased the content of RFIR, raised the content of sialic acid. And the effect of median dose group of medical cactus polysaccharide and high dose group of edible cactus polysaccharide is very remarkable (P < 0.01) compared with model group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cactus polysaccharide improved the erythrocyte function of tumor-mice, which may be one of anti-tumor mechanisms.</p>