Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Activation of Rejuvenation, Geroprotection and Cytoprotection: Proofs of Concept.

Aging is a process associated with life [...].

Rejuvenecimiento facial con plasma rico en plaquetas autólogo / Facial rejuvenation with autologous platelet rich plasma

Introducción: La creciente necesidad de una piel de aspecto juvenil impulsa innovaciones continuas con procedimientos mínimamente invasivos. El plasma rico en plaquetas autólogo representa una terapéutica regenerativa incluida en el novedoso arsenal de intervenciones que buscan este efecto. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la terapéutica con plasma rico en plaquetas autólogo en pacientes con envejecimiento facial. Métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por 68 pacientes valorados con la escala para valoración clínica de fotoenvejecimiento cutáneo al inicio del tratamiento. Se sometieron a cuatro sesiones de plasma rico en plaquetas cada 15 días y una sesión adicional a los 3 meses de concluir el tratamiento inicial. Los pacientes fueron seguidos durante 6 meses al cabo de los cuales se volvieron a evaluar con el mismo instrumento. Resultados: Las edades estuvieron comprendidas entre 21 y 73 años con una media de 46,80 años, predominó el sexo femenino (89,9 %). Los resultados significativos en el tratamiento de las arrugas, los surcos, la textura de la piel y las lesiones cutáneas estuvieron relacionados con la mesoterapia con plasma rico en plaquetas. El procedimiento produjo una mejoría valorada a través de la escala para valoración clínica de fotoenvejecimiento cutáneo. Conclusiones: La terapia con plasma rico en plaquetas tiene buenos resultados en el tratamiento de pacientes con envejecimiento facial.

Introduction: The growing need for youthful looking skin drives continued innovations with minimally invasive procedures. Autologous platelet-rich plasma represents a regenerative therapeutic included in the new arsenal of interventions that seek this effect. Objective: Assess the results of platelet-rich plasma therapy in patients with facial aging. Methods: The sample consisted of 68 patients assessed with the scale for the clinical assessment of cutaneous photoaging (SCACPH). They underwent four PRP sessions every 15 days and an additional session 3 months after completing the initial treatment. The patients were followed up for 6 months, after which they were reevaluated which the same instrument. Results: The ages of the patients were between 21 and 73 years with a mean of 46.80 years, the female sex predominated (89.9%). Significant results in the treatment of wrinkles, furrows, and skin texture and skin lesions were related to PRP mesotherapy. The procedure produced an improvement assessed with the SCACPH. Conclusions: Autologous PRP therapy has good results in the treatment of patients with facial aging.

Platelet-Rich Plasma: Evolving Role in Plastic Surgery.

BACKGROUND: The use of platelet-rich plasma has emerged as one of the most desired nonsurgical treatments for facial rejuvenation and hair restoration. It has grown to encompass a wide variety of applications within the field of plastic surgery, including its use in combination with microneedling, laser, and fat-grafting procedures. METHODS: In this article, the authors aim to (1) describe the preparation process of platelet-rich plasma; (2) discuss the proposed science behind platelet-rich plasma with regard to its evolving role in hair restoration and facial rejuvenation; and (3) highlight the recent literature examining its widespread use. RESULTS: Based on the available literature, there is a therapeutic advantage to the use of platelet-rich plasma as a single treatment modality for alopecia and skin rejuvenation and in combination with laser skin treatment and fat grafting. There is, however, a considerable amount of variability in the processing, preparation, and treatment modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a lack of standardized protocols for platelet-rich plasma preparation and a scarcity of large-scale studies with long-term follow-up, there is convincing evidence with objective measurement modalities that display positive outcomes after treatment for skin rejuvenation, hair regrowth, wound healing, and fat graft take.

Update in minimally invasive periorbital rejuvenation with a focus on platelet-rich plasma: A narrative review.

BACKGROUND: The periorbital region is among the first areas to be affected by the process of aging, which is influenced by genetic and constitutional factors. As the region plays an important role in overall facial appearance, rejuvenation of the area has immense cosmetic benefit and various treatment modalities have been used to achieve the same. AIMS: This article reviews commonly used non-surgical and minimally invasive modalities for periorbital rejuvenation. METHODS: The literature research considered published journal articles (clinical trials or scientific reviews). Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) and reference lists of respective articles. Only articles available in English were considered for this review. RESULTS: Autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) is increasingly used in dermatology for skin and hair conditions. The use of PRP is rapidly growing in popularity as a modality to achieve skin rejuvenation. The mechanism by which PRP leads to skin rejuvenation is by increasing the dermal fibroblast proliferation, expression of matrix metalloproteinase and collagen synthesis. CONCLUSION: The evidence discussed in this article indicates the increasing importance of minimally invasive modalities in periorbital rejuvenation and a promising role for PRP as solo therapy or in multimodality regimens.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of fractional radiofrequency and fractional Er:YAG laser in facial and neck wrinkles: Six-year experience with 333 patients.

Lasers and other light sources are popular treatment options for facial rejuvenation in recent years. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of fractional radiofrequency (RF) and fractional Erbium: YAG (Er:YAG) laser for facial and neck skin wrinkles, objectively. Three hundred and thirty-three patients treated with fractional RF and fractional Er:YAG laser were evaluated by two blinded dermatologists. Fractional Er:YAG laser was more effective for the periorbital area; whereas fractional RF treatment was more effective for perioral, nasolabial and jawline areas. There was no statistically significant difference in side effects between two treatment groups. In conclusion, both modalities significantly improve skin wrinkles; however, it should be considered that there may be regional differences between the treatment outcomes of them.

Rapid and selective mobilization of specific stem cell types after consumption of a polyphenol-rich extract from sea buckthorn berries (Hippophae) in healthy human subjects.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich extract of sea buckthorn berry (SBB-PE) on the numbers of various types of adult stem cells in the blood circulation of healthy human subjects. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial was conducted in 12 healthy subjects. Blood samples were taken immediately before and at 1 and 2 hours after consuming either placebo or 500 mg SBB-PE. Whole blood was used for immunophenotyping and flow cytometry to quantify the numbers of CD45dim CD34+ CD309+ and CD45dim CD34+ CD309- stem cells, CD45- CD31+ CD309+ endothelial stem cells, and CD45- CD90+ mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS: Consumption of SBB-PE was associated with a rapid and highly selective mobilization of CD45dim CD34+ CD309- progenitor stem cells, CD45- CD31+ CD309+ endothelial stem cells, and CD45- CD90+ lymphocytoid mesenchymal stem cells. In contrast, only minor effects were seen for CD45dim CD34+ CD309+ pluripotential stem cells. CONCLUSION: Consumption of SBB-PE resulted in selective mobilization of stem cell types involved in regenerative and reparative functions. These data may contribute to the understanding of the traditional uses of SBB for preventive health, regenerative health, and postponing the aging process.

The comparison of skin rejuvenation effects of vitamin A, fractional laser, and their combination on rat.

BACKGROUND: Because of long-term exposure of skin, skin aging is an unavoidable natural law with age. Traditional Vitamin A and novel ablative fractional laser technique both have the effects of skin rejuvenation, and studies have demonstrated both of them have apparent clinical efficacy and histology-improving effects on photo-aging skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 45 female healthy Wistar rats were selected and the depilation areas of every rat were divided into four regions: control region(Region A), Vitamin A acid region(Region B), combination treatment region(Region C), and fractional laser region(Region D). 0.025% Vitamin A acid cream was applied to Region B and C every day for 3 weeks; Region C and D were irradiated once with 10600nm CO2 fractional laser on the first day of the trail. The skin tissue was dissected and placed into liquid nitrogen according to the design. The real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting methods were taken to detect the expression changes of miR-29a, Akt, TGF-ß, and mRNA of type III pre-collagen. RESULTS: It can be seen from the results of the real-time quantitative PCR that the mRNA expression levels of type III pre-collagen, Akt, and TGF-ß in the treatment regions are up-regulated and the expression levels of miR-29a mRNA are down-regulated compared to the Region A. The hybridization tests showed that changes of the expression of type III pre-collagen, Akt gene, miR-29a gene, and TGF-ß gene across the experiment regions are all significantly different in the third week, and the expression levels of them all achieve the highest value in the third week, the expression level of miR-29a gene achieves the lowest value in the third week, which are consistent with the results of real-time quantitative PCR. CONCLUSION: It is indicated that the combination region of Vitamin A acid and fractional laser may lead to low expression of miR-29a, thus the inhibition of downstream Akt activation is loss, Akt activation is enhanced, enhancement of the expression of TGF-ß is induced, leading to proliferation of fibroblasts, and promotion of the collagen proteins' synthesis in skin. Therefore miR-29a/Akt/TGF-ß signal pathway may participate in the skin rejuvenation mechanism of action Vitamin A acid and fractional laser. This may provide a new treatment approach for skin rejuvenation.

Application of Cell Therapy for Anti-Aging Facial Skin.

The human skin undergoes the complex process of aging which is prompted by the interplay of intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic influences. Aging is unavoidable but can be somewhat delayed. Numerous approaches have been developed to slow down facial skin aging process as it is of interest to stake holders in the beauty and fashion world as well as to plastic surgeons. Adipose-derived stem cell [ADSC] and mesenchymal stem cell [MSC] as potential anti-aging agents to some extent have provided a promising and effective alternative in managing skin and facial skin aging. Furthermore, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells [BMMSC] have exhibited similar ability to rejuvenate aged skin. This review is aimed at giving a comprehensive account of the application of stem cells especially ADSCs and MSCs to reduce or slow down the rate of facial skin aging process.

Autologous pure platelet-rich plasma injections for facial skin rejuvenation: Biometric instrumental evaluations and patient-reported outcomes to support antiaging effects.

BACKGROUND: During skin aging, a degeneration of connective tissue and decrease in hyaluronic acid polymers occur. Since platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains growth factors and various cytokines, it was hypothesized that it could play a role in fibroblast activation and type I collagen expression in human fibroblasts. OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to assess the efficacy of autologous PRP injections for facial skin rejuvenation, measured by biometric instrumental evaluations and patient-reported outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients signed an informed consent form. The EmCyte PurePRP® system technology was used to produce neutrophil-poor PurePRP. The efficacy of the procedures was assessed by biometric parameters, and a patient outcome a self-assessment questionnaire on each visit and at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: Eleven volunteers were included in the study, receiving 3 PurePRP® treatments. A significant decrease in brown spot counts and area (P < 0.05) was seen after 3 months. Wrinkle count and volume were significantly reduced (P < 0.05 for total wrinkle appearance). Skin firmness parameters were significantly improved. Skin redness was significantly improved after 169 days post-therapy for both the nasolabial and malar areas. A decrease in SLEB thickness was already noted at 2 months after the first injection, with an increase in SLEB density (P < 0.05 for both parameters), without affecting subcutaneous fat thickness. Self-assessment at 6-month follow-up revealed an average satisfaction score of >90%. CONCLUSIONS: A series of 3 PurePRP injections at 6-month follow-up resulted in significant skin rejuvenation as demonstrated by biometric parameters and confirmed by patient self-assessment score.

Metabolomics study of the therapeutic mechanism of Schisandra chinensis lignans on aging rats induced by d-galactose.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiaging effect of Schisandra chinensis lignans (SCL) by analyzing the characteristics in the serum of d-galactose (d-gal)-induced rats. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, d-gal model group, low-dose SCL group (50 mg/kg/d), medium-dose SCL group (100 mg/kg/d), and high-dose SCL group (200 mg/kg/d). A serum metabolomics analysis method based on rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was carried out to study the characteristics of d-gal-induced aging rats and evaluate the antiaging effects of SCL, and multivariate statistical analysis was performed for pattern recognition and characteristic metabolites identification. The relative levels of p19, p53, and p21 genes in the brain tissue were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for investigating the underlying mechanism. RESULTS: Metabolomics analysis showed that 15 biomarkers were identified and 13 of them recovered to the normal levels after the administration of SCL. Based on the pathway analysis, the antiaging mechanisms of SCL might be involved in the following metabolic pathways: energy, amino acid, lipid, and phospholipid metabolism. Furthermore, SCL significantly inhibited the mRNA expression level of p19, p53, and p21 in the brain of aging rats induced by d-gal. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that SCL can delay rat aging induced by d-gal through multiple pathways.

Safety and Efficacy of Facial Fat Grafting Under Local Anesthesia.

BACKGROUND: Facial fat grafting under local anesthesia has been widely performed in outpatient departments and private settings in China. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of facial fat grafting under local anesthesia. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted on 155 patients who underwent facial fat grafting. The clinical data were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative two-dimensional images were acquired to evaluate the effect of facial fat grafting on refining facial contouring, rejuvenation as well as deformity reconstruction. The complications were recorded to assess the safety of the approach. RESULT: All the facial fat grafting procedures were performed successfully under local anesthesia. A majority of the patients who underwent one or more sessions of facial fat grafting under local anesthesia were satisfied with the cosmetic results. No severe complications occurred in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, remarkable and natural improvements of facial contouring, rejuvenation as well as deformity reconstruction were achieved with facial fat grafting in most patients. Thus, the procedures performed under local anesthesia by experienced surgeons are safe. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Evaluation of cutaneous rejuvenation associated with the use of ortho-silicic acid stabilized by hydrolyzed marine collagen.

BACKGROUND: Organic silicon plays an important role in dermal structure by promoting neocollagenesis. Thus, the supplementation of silicon in a highly bioavailable form can be used for skin rejuvenation. AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate skin changes associated with the use of ortho-silicic acid stabilized by hydrolyzed collagen. PATIENTS/METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive 600 mg of ortho-silicic acid stabilized by hydrolyzed collagen (group 1, n = 11) or placebo (group 2, n = 11) to be taken 15 minutes before breakfast for 90 days. Clinical, photographical, and patients' subjective evaluations were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 22 patients were included. Clinical evaluations demonstrated changes in skin texture, firmness, and hydration statistically superior in group 1. Brightness, firmness, and overall appearance showed trends for a difference favoring group 1 according to patients' subjective evaluations. Objective images showed no statistical differences. No side effects, hypersensitivity, or systemic symptoms were observed in group 1. Treatment satisfaction in group 1 reached 80%. CONCLUSIONS: Ortho-silicic acid stabilized by hydrolyzed collagen in a daily dose of 600 mg showed positive results in skin rejuvenation according to clinical evaluation in firmness, hydration, and skin texture. Further studies with larger and representative samples should be conducted to confirm our results.

Fractional resurfacing in the Asian patient: Current state of the art.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Fractionated photothermolysis (FP) has revolutionized modern laser technology. By creating selective columns of microthermal damage, fractionated devices allows for greater treatment depths to be achieved without the prolonged downtime and risk of complications seen in traditional fully ablative laser resurfacing. Fractional resurfacing is a proven method to treat a variety of cutaneous conditions. In the Caucasian patient, a wide range of devices and treatment settings can be utilized safely and effectively. However, ethnic skin requires special consideration due to its unique pigmentary characteristics and clinical presentations. In this review article, we detail the current indications and strategies to optimize results and mitigate complications when utilizing fractional resurfacing for the Asian patient. METHODS: A review of the MEDLINE English literature was conducted on fractionated laser devices studied in the Asian population. Articles included describe non-ablative devices including fractionated erbium glass, thulium fiber, diode, and radiofrequency devices; and ablative devices including fractionated carbon dioxide (CO2 ) laser, erbium yttrium aluminum garnet and yttrium scandium gallium garnet (YSGG) laser. These data were integrated with the expert opinion of the authors. CONCLUSION: Taking into account the unique characteristics and cosmetic concerns of the Asian population, fractional resurfacing can be considered a safe and effective option for the treatment of atrophic and hypertrophic scarring, and photorejuvenation in ethnic skin types. Select cases of melasma may be treated with fractionated non-ablative devices, but utilized with caution. The predominant complication associated with fractional resurfacing for these conditions is post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and rebound worsening of melasma. A greater number of treatments at lower density settings and wider treatment intervals typically produce the lowest risks of PIH without compromising treatment efficacy. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:45-59, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

De Novo Assembly of the Transcriptome of Turritopsis, a Jellyfish that Repeatedly Rejuvenates.

In most animals, aging is an irreversible process; however the species Turritopsis sp. has been observed to undergo a rejuvenation process as many as 14 times. In the present study, we used multiplexed RNA libraries to obtain the transcriptome from four developmental stages (St) of Turritopsis sp., including (I) immature medusa, (II) dumpling, (III) dumpling with a short stolon, and (IV) polyp, which had recently rejuvenated. A total of 4.02 billion paired-end reads were assembled de novo, yielding 90,327 contigs. Our analyses revealed that significant blast hits were recovered for 74% of the assembled contigs, and 19% were successfully annotated with gene ontology (GO) terms. A BLAST search demonstrated that 32% of the contigs were most similar to Hydra vulgarissequences. Raw reads from each sample were mapped against the contigs to find St-specific genes. This represents the first comprehensive set of de novo transcriptome data for this species, which may provide clues toward a better understanding of cyclical rejuvenation in multicellular animals.

Novel Biological Therapies Targeting Heart Failure: Myocardial Rejuvenation.

Recovery of ventricular function occurs in a subset of patients with advanced heart failure treated with medical and/or mechanical therapy. Finding strategies that induce ventricular recovery through induction of repair, regeneration, or "rejuvenation" is a long-sought goal of research programs. Cell-based strategies, use of recombinant growth and survival factors, and gene delivery are under investigation. In this brief article we highlight a few of the biological approaches in development to treat heart failure.

A Split-Face Assessment of the Synergistic Potential of Sequential Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser and 1565 nm Fractional Nonablative Laser Treatment for Facial Rejuvenation in Fitzpatrick Skin Type II-V Patients.

Recent appreciation of the multifactorial pathophysiology of skin aging has led to increased use of parallel treatment regimens. This prospective, split-face, randomized study assessed the safety and efficacy of same-day sequential Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and 1565 nm non-ablative fractional laser (SST) facial rejuvenation treatment in comparison to fractional non-ablative laser (NAFL) treatment only. Seventeen patients underwent three treatment sessions, conducted at 4-6-week intervals, in which SST treatment was delivered on a randomly selected side of the face followed by NAFL treatment on the contralateral side immediately thereafter. Immediate skin responses were assessed within 30 minutes of treatment, while wrinkle/elastosis scores, and skin tone and texture were evaluated 1, 3, and 6 months following the final treatment session. While SST and NAFL proved equally safe, SST was associated with signi cantly lower pain scores in all three treatment sessions. Both treatment regimens yielded signi cant improvements in wrinkle/elastosis scores, which were maintained throughout the 6 months of follow up. Physician-evaluated skin tone and patient ratings of skin texture and overall improvement of the SST-treated side were consistently higher than the contralateral NAFL-treated side. Histological analysis suggested a broader effect, alongside sparing of the outermost epidermal layer with the SST versus NAFL treatment. Although the SST regimen failed to demonstrate statistically signi cant clinical superiority over the NAFL regimen, the significantly lower pain levels, consistently higher physician and patient ratings following SST may justify its regular use as a skin rejuvenation technique. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(11):1335-1342..

A Prospective Split-Face Study of the Picosecond Alexandrite Laser With Specialized Lens Array for Facial Photoaging in Chinese.

BACKGROUND: A 755nm picosecond alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array has been reported for the treatment of acne scar and photoaging with clinical ef cacy. In this study, we evaluated the application of the 755nm picosecond alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array for facial photoaging in Chinese. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten subjects with moderate facial photoaging were enrolled in a prospective, evaluator-blinded, open-label, and split-face trial to assess the ef cacy and safety of the 755nm picosecond alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array for facial photoaging. Each subject received a series of four treatment sessions on the right side of the face at two-week intervals. The left side of the face served as the control side. Blinded evaluation of baseline, pre-treatment, and two-month follow-up visit was performed by two independent dermatologists on a 5-point global photoaging scale (GPS) and a 6/8-point Asian photographic scale (APS). Adverse events and discomfort associated with the treatment were also assessed. RESULTS: Signi cant improvement in photoaged tissue was observed on the treated side of the face, with a mean GPS score decrease from 2.67 to 1.44 at the two-month follow-up visit. A greater improvement in wrinkles was observed (2.78 vs 1.89; P less than 0.05) when com- pared to the improvement in pigmentation (2.67 vs 2.11; P less than 0.05). No changes were observed on the control side. Treatment results improved gradually throughout the treatment program and continued to the two-month follow up. In addition, skin tightening was perceived in all subjects, and shallower nasolabial folds were observed in 60% of the subjects on the treated side of face. Moderate pain and transient erythema were observed as the two main discomforts associated with the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The 755nm picosecond alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array is efficacious and safe for rejuvenation of photodamaged facial tissue in Chinese. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(11):1390-1396..

[Effects of Electric Stimulation and Biofeedback for Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise in Women with Vaginal Rejuvenation Women].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pelvic floor muscle exercise using electric stimulation and biofeedback on maximum pressure of vaginal contraction, vaginal contraction duration and sexual function in women who have had vaginal rejuvenation. METHODS: The research design was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design study. Participants in this study were women who had vaginal rejuvenation at C obstetrics and gynecology hospital. The 15 participants in the experimental group were given pelvic floor muscle exercise using electric stimulation and biofeedback and the 15 participants in the control group received self pelvic floor muscle exercise. RESULTS: For maximum pressure of vaginal contraction, the experimental group showed a statistically significant increase compared to than the control group (t=5.96, p<.001). For vaginal contraction duration, the experimental group also showed a statistically significant increase compared to the control group (t=3.23, p=.003). For women's sexual function, the experimental group showed a significant increase when compared to the control group in total sexual function scores (t=3.41, p=.002). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that pelvic floor muscle exercise with electric stimulation and biofeedback after vaginal rejuvenation is effective in strengthening vaginal contraction pressure, vaginal contraction and that it also positively functions to increase women's sexual function.