Exploring the Mechanism of Yiqi Qingre Ziyin Method in Regulating Neuropeptide Expression for the Treatment of Atrophic Rhinitis.

Atrophic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic disease that causes severe structural changes to the nasal mucosa leading to squamous epithelial metaplasia. However, treatment regarding AR remains a major challenge. We used network pharmacology and molecular docking methods to explore the potential mechanisms of the Yiqi Qingre Ziyin method to modulate neuropeptides in the treatment of AR. The active ingredients of the Yiqi Qingre Ziyin method and their targets of action were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology Database Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Disease targets for AR were obtained from four databases: GeneCards, PharmGKB, DrugBank, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). A total of 59 active ingredients, 39 potential targets, and 76 relevant neuropeptides were obtained after deduplication. We constructed target interaction networks with the STRING database. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the 14 potential target proteins. We used Cytoscape software to construct the "drug-active ingredient-potential target" and "ingredient-target-pathway" networks of the Yiqi Qingre Ziyin method for treating AR. Molecular docking results suggest that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), opioid receptor gene d1 (OPRD1), and opioid receptor m1 (OPRM1) are key targets for the Yiqi Qingre Ziyin method. Therefore, this study proposed a potential mechanism for the treatment of AR by affecting the expression of neuropeptide-related genes (including DPP4, OPRD1, and OPRM1), which may potentially improve the immune microenvironment of the nasal mucosa.

Is Ozone (O3) Treatment Effective in Atrophic Rhinitis? Experimental Animal Study.

INTRODUCTION: Atrophic rhinitis (AR) is a disease characterized by atrophy of the mucosa, submucosa, bone tissue due to an unknown cause and excessive nasal cavity enlargement. The disease still has no complete treatment, and the treatment of the functional loss of atrophic cells in AR is still a matter to be investigated. Ozone (O3) therapy has been shown to enhance cell metabolism, angiogenesis, fibroblast activity, and collagen synthesis. AIM: To determine whether ozone treatment affects the disease histopathologically, in experimentally created AR. Material - Method: Twelve Wistar Hanover strain albino male rats were included in the study. Atrophic rhinitis was induced in animals by administering Pasteurella multocida toxin diluted with saline for 21 days to both nasal cavities. A total of 12 animals included in the study were divided into 2 groups as control and study. Ozone gas (60 µg/mL) was administered rectally to the study group for 21 days. After 2 weeks, the rats were decapitated, the nasal cavities were removed as a block, and atrophic rhinitis parameters (epithelial hyperplasia, goblet cell loss, cilia loss, inflammatory infiltration, and vascular ectasia) were evaluated under light microscopy by histopathological examination and statistically interpreted. RESULT: The incidence of vascular ectasia was significantly lower in the ozone group compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding other histopathologic findings. CONCLUSION: Ozone treatment was moderate at the histopathological level. We concluded that ozone therapy has no or very limited effect on atrophic rhinitis.

[Successes and failures of ozena's medical treatment]. / Sukcesy i porazki zachowawczego leczenia ozeny.

Ozena belongs to the primary atrophic rhinitis of unknow etiology. The incidence of this disease has markedly decrease in the last decades. We treated 4 patients with ozena between 2000-2005. The diagnosis was confirmed by physical and ENT examination, culture from the nose and CT scan of perinasal sinusis. Ciprofloxacin was aministrated orally in a dose 1,0-0,5 g daily to all patients. Also they were instructed how to clean the nose regularly with an isotonic saline solution and to moisteurse nosa by wotery spray. The treatment with ciprofloxacin was maintained for 4-6 weeks. In 3 causes the result was very good after 2-4 y observation. 1 patient, 16 y. old girl, didn't cooperate therapy propely - she stoped nasal rinsing after some improvement. The second course of treatment seems to get good result (3 months observation). Our and some other authors conclusion is: ciprofloxacin seems to be a promising drug for the treatment of ozena. For good results cleanising the nose regularly is importent as well as antibiotic.

Successful treatment of ozena with ciprofloxacin.

Rhinitis chronica foetida, or ozena, is a rare chronic inflammatory disease. The aetiology and pathogenesis are still not satisfactory explained. For many years various medical and surgical methods for the treatment of this slowly progressive and disabling disease have been tried without permanent success so far. The new fluoroquinolones with excellent effect on gram-negative bacteria and high suitability for oral use offer a potentially attractive treatment for ozena. We review our experience in the treatment of 10 patients with ciprofloxacin in a daily dose of 500-750 mg b.i.d. for 1-3 months. The patients have been followed regularly for up to 26-74 months after treatment and in all of them we registered permanent disappearance of odour, crusting, and growth of Klebsiella ozenae. We conclude that ciprofloxacin provides a step towards better conservative therapy for patients with ozena.

The ozena problem. Clinical analysis of atrophic rhinitis in 100 cases.

One hundred cases of ozena were analysed. The majority of cases were youths (86%). 50% of 33 patients had abnormal menstruation. Löwenberg's bacillus were found in most cases. The middle concha was a frequent side of this affection in our series, 25 cases of accessory sinusitis were found by roentgenographic examination of 35 cases of atrophic rhinitis. 24 cases underwent a serum cholesterol test. This revealed hypocholesterolemia in cases (50%) with an average value of 73.6 mg/100 ml. A large dose of vitamin (12500-150000 U daily or injected vitamin A 50000 U i.m. every other day or water-soluble vitamin A 300000 U twice a week) was generally favourable in most cases. Streptomycin had a beneficial result in sensitive cases. Complete cure of the disease was expected from the combined treatment with vitamin A and streptomycin. No recurrence was found in the majority of cases over a 2-year period of follow-up studies.