Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual regimen with Saccharomyces boulardii as a rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori: Current perspectives and implications.

Yu et al's study in the World Journal of Gastroenterology (2023) introduced a novel regimen of Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) for the rescue therapy against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a pathogen responsible for peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Vonoprazan is a potassium-competitive acid blocker renowned for its rapid and long-lasting acid suppression, which is minimally affected by mealtime. Compared to proton pump inhibitors, which bind irreversibly to cysteine residues in the H+/K+-ATPase pump, Vonoprazan competes with the K+ ions, prevents the ions from binding to the pump and blocks acid secretion. Concerns with increasing antibiotic resistance, effects on the gut microbiota, patient compliance, and side effects have led to the advent of a dual regimen for H. pylori. Previous studies suggested that S. boulardii plays a role in stabilizing the gut barrier which improves H. pylori eradication rate. With an acceptable safety profile, the dual-adjunct regimen was effective regardless of prior treatment failure and antibiotic resistance profile, thereby strengthening the applicability in clinical settings. Nonetheless, S. boulardii comes in various formulations and dosages, warranting further exploration into the optimal dosage for supplementation in rescue therapy. Additionally, larger, randomized, double-blinded controlled trials are warranted to confirm these promising results.

Production of iron enriched Saccharomyces boulardii: impact of process variables.

About half of the 1.62 billion cases of anemia are because of poor diet and iron deficiency. Currently, the use of iron-enriched yeasts can be used as the most effective and possible way to prevent and treat anemia due to the ability of biotransformation of mineral compounds into the organic form. In this research, for the first time, Saccharomyces (S.) boulardii was used for iron enrichment with the aim that the probiotic properties of yeast provide a potential iron supplement besides improving the bioavailability of iron. Also, due to its higher resistance than other Saccharomyces strains against stresses, it can protect iron against processing temperatures and stomach acidic-enzymatic conditions. So, the effect of three important variables, including concentration of iron, molasses and KH2PO4 on the growth and biotransformation of yeast was investigated by the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The best conditions occurred in 3 g/l KH2PO4, 20 g/l molasses and 12 mg/l FeSO4 with the highest biotransformation 27 mg Fe/g dry cell weight (DCW) and 6 g/l biomass weight. Such yeast can improve fermented products, provide potential supplement, and restore the lost iron of bread, which is a useful iron source, even for vegetarians-vegans and play an important role in manage with anemia. It is recommended that in future researches, attention should be paid to increasing the iron enrichment of yeast through permeabilizing the membrane and overcoming the structural barrier of the cell wall.

Superoxide Dismutase Catalyzed Size-Adjustable Selenium Nanoparticles in Saccharomyces boulardii.

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are important and safe food and feed additives that can be used for dietary supplementation. In this study, a mutagenic strain of Saccharomyces boulardii was employed to obtain biologically synthesized SeNPs (BioSeNPs) with the desired particle size by controlling the dosage and duration of sodium selenite addition, and the average particle size achieved was 55.8 nm with protease A encapsulation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that increased expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in the mutant strain effectively promoted the synthesis of BioSeNPs and the formation of smaller nanoparticles. Under sodium selenite stress, the mutant strain exhibited significantly increased expression of glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2), which was significantly greater in the mutant strain than in the wild type, facilitating the synthesis of glutathione selenol and providing abundant substrates for the production of BioSeNPs. Furthermore, based on the experimental results and transcriptomic analysis of relevant genes such as sod1, gpx2, the thioredoxin reductase 1 gene (trr1) and the thioredoxin reductase 2 gene (trr2), a yeast model for the size-controlled synthesis of BioSeNPs was constructed. This study provides an important theoretical and practical foundation for the green synthesis of controllable-sized BioSeNPs or other metal nanoparticles with potential applications in the fields of food, feed, and biomedicine.

In vitro digestion and characterization of selenized Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia fermentans and probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Yeasts have the remarkable capability to transform and integrate inorganic selenium into their cellular structures, thereby enhancing its bioavailability and reducing its toxicity. In recent years, yeasts have attracted attention as potential alternative sources of protein. METHODS: This study explores the selenium accumulation potential of two less explored yeast strains, namely the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CCDM 2020 and Pichia fermentas CCDM 2012, in comparison to the extensively studied Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCDM 272. Our investigation encompassed diverse stress conditions. Subsequently, the selenized yeasts were subjected to an INFOGEST gastrointestinal model. The adherence and hydrophobicity were determined with undigested cells RESULTS: Stress conditions had an important role in influencing the quantity and size of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) generated by the tested yeasts. Remarkably, SeMet synthesis was limited to Pichia fermentas CCDM 2012 and S. boulardii CCDM 2020, with S. cerevisiae CCDM 272 not displaying SeMet production at all. Throughout the simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the most substantial release of SeCys2, SeMet, and SeNPs from the selenized yeasts occurred during the intestinal phase. Notably, exception was found in strain CCDM 272, where the majority of particles were released during the oral phase. CONCLUSION: The utilization of both traditional and non-traditional selenized yeast types, harnessed for their noted functional attributes, holds potential for expanding the range of products available while enhancing their nutritional value and health benefits.

The effect of Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) supplementation in standard triple therapy (STT) is effective in eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in children. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of S. boulardii supplementation on H. pylori eradication in children. METHODS: We conducted electronic searches in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang database from the beginning up to September 2023. A random-effects model was employed to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) through a meta-analysis. RESULTS: Fifteen RCTs (involving 2156 patients) were included in our meta-analysis. Results of the meta-analysis indicated that S. boulardii in combination with STT was more effective than STT alone (intention-to-treat analysis : 87.7% vs. 75.9%, RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10-1.19, P < 0.00001; per-protocol analysis : 88.5% vs. 76.3%, RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.10-1.19, P < 0.00001). The S. boulardii supplementation group had a significantly lower incidence of total adverse events (n = 6 RCTs, 9.2% vs. 29.2%, RR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.21-0.48, P < 0.00001), diarrhea (n = 13 RCTs, 14.7% vs. 32.4%, RR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.37-0.56, P < 0.00001), and nausea (n = 11 RCTs, 12.7% vs. 21.3%, RR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.40-0.72, P < 0.0001) than STT group alone. Similar results were also observed in the incidence of vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal distention, epigastric discomfort, poor appetite and stomatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence indicated that S. boulardii supplementing with STT could improve the eradication rate of H. pylori, and concurrently decrease the incidence of total adverse events and gastrointestinal adverse events in children.

Effect of supplementation with Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-1079 on vaccine response to an inactivated bacterial vaccine in young Japanese Black calves: A field trial.

Saccharomyces boulardii group (SB group) calves were fed 2.0 × 1010 CFU/day of S. boulardii in milk replacer after 2 wk of age. All calves received inactivated vaccine for Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica at 3 wk of age and 3 wk later. After vaccination, the SB group calves showed significantly higher (mean difference: 1.56-fold) antibody titer against H. somni than the control group. The number of calves with the antibody titer above the cut-off value for M. haemolytica of the SB group was significantly higher than that of the control, and the percentage was twice as high. In addition, the mRNA transcription of IL4 and IL10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at the booster of the SB group was significantly higher than those of the control. In conclusion, S. boulardii may have positively affected immune responses to the inactivated multi-bacterial vaccine in young calves in the field.

Les veaux du groupe Saccharomyces boulardii (groupe SB) ont reçu 2,0 × 1010 UFC/jour de S. boulardii dans du lait de remplacement après l'âge de 2 semaines. Tous les veaux ont reçu un vaccin inactivé contre Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida et Mannheimia haemolytica à l'âge de 3 semaines et 3 semaines plus tard. Après vaccination, les veaux du groupe SB ont montré un titre d'anticorps contre H. somni significativement plus élevé (différence moyenne : 1,56 fois) que le groupe témoin. Le nombre de veaux avec un titre d'anticorps supérieur à la valeur seuil pour M. haemolytica du groupe SB était significativement plus élevé que celui du groupe témoin, et le pourcentage était deux fois plus élevé. De plus, la transcription de l'ARNm de l'IL4 et de l'IL10 dans les cellules mononucléaires du sang périphérique lors du rappel du groupe SB était significativement plus élevée que celles du groupe témoin. En conclusion, S. boulardii peut avoir affecté positivement les réponses immunitaires au vaccin multibactérien inactivé chez les jeunes veaux au champ.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).

Impact of Saccharomyces boulardii on jaundice in premature infants undergoing phototherapy.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation on jaundice in premature infants undergoing phototherapy. METHODS: In this article, the authors reviewed 100 hospitalized jaundiced premature infants under 35 weeks of gestational age. All infants were assigned to a control group (n = 45) and a treatment group (n = 55) randomly. The infants in the treatment group received S. boulardii supplementation by undergoing phototherapy and the infants in the control group were only treated by phototherapy. The total serum bilirubin levels were detected before and at the end of phototherapy, and transcutaneous bilirubin levels were measured on the 1st, 4th, 8th and 15th day of treatment. The duration of jaundice resolution and phototherapy, stool frequency, and characteristics were compared after phototherapy. RESULTS: The duration of jaundice resolution and phototherapy were shortened. Total serum bilirubin level was lower than the control group at the end of phototherapy (p < 0.05). Transcutaneous bilirubin levels decreased more significantly on the 8th and 15th day of treatment (p < 0.05), while there were no significant differences on the post-treatment 1st and 4th day (p > 0.05). In addition, bowel movements including stool frequency and Bristol Stool Form Scale ratings of stools also improved after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: S. boulardii in combination with phototherapy is effective and safe in reducing bilirubin levels and duration of phototherapy, accelerating jaundice resolution in premature infants with jaundice. The procedure also provided an ideal therapeutic effect of diarrhea induced by phototherapy to promote compliance and maternal-infant bonding.

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (CNCM I-1079) on feed intake, blood parameters, and production during early lactation.

The periparturient period is a metabolically demanding time for dairy animals because of increased nutrient requirements for milk yield. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (CNCM I-1079), a commercial active dry yeast (ADY), in dairy cows on productive and metabolic measures during the periparturient period. Primiparous (n = 33) and multiparous (n = 35) cows were fed a close-up total mixed ration (TMR) before calving and a lactation TMR postpartum. Three weeks before expected calving time, animals were blocked by parity and body weight and then randomly assigned to either control group (control; n = 34) or treatment (ADY; n = 34). All animals were housed in a tie-stall barn with individual feed bunks; the ADY animals received supplementary Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (CNCM I-1079), top dressed daily at a predicted dosage of 1.0 × 1010 cfu (12.5 g) per head. Blood samples were collected weekly along with milk yield and milk composition data; feed intake data were collected daily. Serum samples were analyzed for glucose, nonesterified fatty acid, ß-hydroxybutyrate, haptoglobin (Hp), and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-18. Colostrum samples collected within the first 6 to 10 h were analyzed for somatic cell score and IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS with time as a repeated measure; model included time, parity, treatment, and their interactions. The ADY groups had greater milk yield (39.0 ± 2.4 vs. 36.7 ± 2.3 kg/d) and tended to produce more energy-corrected milk with better feed efficiency. There was no difference in plasma glucose, serum nonesterified fatty acid, serum ß-hydroxybutyrate, Hp, IL-6, or IL-18 due to ADY treatment. The tumor necrosis factor-α increased in ADY-supplemented animals (1.17 ± 0.69 vs. 4.96 ± 7.7 ng/mL), though week, parity, and their interactions had no effect. Serum amyloid A tended to increase in ADY-supplemented animals when compared to control animals and was additionally affected by week and parity; there were no significant interactions. No difference in colostrum IgG, IgA, and IgM was observed between treatments. Supplementing transition cow TMR with ADY (CNCM I-1079) improved milk production and tended to improve efficiency in early lactation; markers of inflammation were also influenced by ADY treatment, though the immunological effect was inconsistent.

Effect of the Addition of Buckwheat Sprouts Modified with the Addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii to an Atherogenic Diet on the Metabolism of Sterols, Stanols and Fatty Acids in Rats.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench buckwheat sprouts modified with the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii to an atherogenic diet on the metabolism of sterols and fatty acids in rats. It was noticed in the study that the group fed with modified sprouts (HFDPRS) had a greater amount of sterols by 75.2%, compared to the group fed on an atherogenic diet (HFD). The content of cholesterol in the liver and feces was lower in the HFDPRS group than the HFD group. In the serum of the HFDPRS group, a more significant amount of the following acids was observed: C18:2 (increase by 13.5%), C20:4 (increase by 15.1%), and C22:6 (increase by 13.1%), compared to the HFDCS group. Regarding the biochemical parameters, it was noted that the group fed the diet with the addition of probiotic-rich sprouts diet had lower non-HDL, LDL-C and CRP ratios compared to the group fed the high-fat diet. The obtained results indicate that adding modified buckwheat sprouts to the diet by adding the probiotic strain of the yeast may have a significant impact on the metabolism of the indicated components in the organism.

Investigating the effect of quadruple therapy with Saccharomyces boulardii or Lactobacillus reuteri strain (DSMZ 17648) supplements on eradication of Helicobacter pylori and treatments adverse effects: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment with Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacillus reuteri on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and Adverse effects (AEs) of the treatment. RESULTS: This study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. And, eradication of H. pylori was reported comparing quadruple therapy include of PPI (proton pomp inhibitor), bismuth subcitrate, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin versus quadruple therapy supplemented with S. boulardii and L. reuteri DSMZ 17648. For this aim, a total of 156 patients were included in the current study; and patients positive for H. pylori infection (n = 156) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 52 patients (Group P) received conventional quadruple therapy plus L. reuteri, 52 patients (Group S) received conventional quadruple therapy plus S. boulardii daily, for 2 weeks, and 52 patients were in the control group (Group C). At the end of the treatment period, all the subjects continued to take proton pump inhibitor (PPI) alone for 14 days, and then, no medication was given for 2 weeks again. During follow-up, gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed using an evaluation scale (Glasgow dyspepsia questionnaire [GDQ]), and AEs were assessed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. As a result, all patients completed the treatment protocol in all groups by the end of the study. Additionally, eradication therapy was effective for 94.2% of subjects in Group S, 92.3% of subjects in Group P, and 86.5% of subjects in the control group, with no differences between treatment arms. In Group S, the chance of developing symptoms of nausea (OR = 2.74), diarrhea (OR = 3.01), headache (OR = 10.51), abdominal pain (OR = 3.21), and anxiety (OR = 3.58) was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: S. boulardii could significantly reduce some AEs of H. pylori eradication therapy, but effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri on these cases was not significant. It is recommended to conduct the future research with larger sample size in order to investigate the effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT20200106046021N1, this trial was registered on Jan 14, 2020.

Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 supplementation modifies the fecal resistome during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy.

BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota is a significant reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). The use and misuse of antimicrobials can select multi-resistant bacteria and modify the repertoire of ARGs in the gut. Developing effective interventions to manipulate the intestinal resistome would allow us to modify the antimicrobial resistance risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Applying shotgun metagenomics, we compared the composition of fecal resistome from individuals treated with triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori plus Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM-I 745 (Sb) versus triple antibiotherapy without S. boulardii (control) before, after, and one month after treatments. DNA samples were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Reads were trimmed and filtered for quality, and the reads classified as host genome were removed from further analysis. We used the ResFinder database for resistome analysis and the web-based tool ResistoXplorer and RStudio for graphical representation and statistical analysis. RESULTS: We identified 641 unique ARGs in all fecal samples, conferring resistance to 18 classes of antibiotics. The most prevalent ARGs found in at least 90% of the samples before the treatments were against tetracyclines, MLS-B (macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B), beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides. Differential abundance analysis allowed the identification of ARGs significantly different between treatment groups. Thus, immediately after the treatments, the abundance of ARGs that confer resistance to lincosamides, tetracyclines, MLS-B, and two genes in the beta-lactam class (cfxA2 and cfxA3) was significantly lower in the group that received Sb than in the control group (edgeR, FDR <0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that the addition of S. boulardii CNCM-I 745 to the conventional antibiotic eradication therapy for H. pylori reduced the abundance of ARGs, particularly those genes that confer resistance to lincosamides, tetracyclines, MLS-B, and a few genes in the beta-lactams class.

Development and In Vivo Evaluation of Pectin Based Enteric Coated Microparticles Loaded with Mesalamine and Saccharomyces boulardii for Management of Ulcerative Colitis.

Mesalamine is the first-line choice of drug for ulcerative colitis management. However, due to the nontargeted delivery of mesalamine, it shows side effects. The possible impact of mesalamine can be improved by coated microparticles in combination with S. boulardii for targeted delivery to the colon with the prevention of unwanted side effects. In this work, pectin-based mesalamine and S. boulardii loaded microparticles were prepared by dehydration technique and coated by an oil-in-oil solvent evaporation method and characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and zeta analysis. 2, 4, 6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid was used for the induction of colitis. The anti-inflammatory effects of coated microparticles on Caco-2 cells were assessed by the determination of interleukin (IL)-8 concentration. In addition, the impact of coated microparticles on the concentration of colonic enzymes, including myeloperoxidase (MPO), lipid peroxides, and glutathione (GSH), were also evaluated. Moreover, hematological parameters, including white blood cell (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), were assessed. SEM data revealed that all the prepared coated microparticles had an almost spherical shape. The X-ray powder diffraction analysis of uncoated and coated microparticles showed maximum stability without any interaction. The particle size of uncoated and coated microparticles was 9.14 and 15.61 µm, respectively. The zeta potential of uncoated and coated microparticles was observed to be -26.78 and -29.36 mV, respectively. The prepared coated microparticles decreased the levels of lipid peroxides, MPO, and GSH significantly in colitis. In the Caco-2 cell culture model, the concentration of IL-8 is decreased significantly. The hematological observations confirmed that the prepared formulation showed a promising decrease in the levels of WBC, CRP, and ESR in diseased animals. Animal experiments revealed that cellulose acetate phthalate coated microparticles of mesalamine and S. boulardii significantly improved the colitis disease conditions of Wistar rats. Hence, cellulose acetate phthalate-coated microparticles of mesalamine and S. boulardii could be recommended as adjuvant therapy to achieve a synergistic effect in the management of UC. Lay summary Mesalamine is the drug of choice for the management of ulcerative colitis (UC), which inhibits mediators responsible for inflammation. We investigated the in vivo effects of cellulose acetate phthalate-coated microparticles of mesalamine with Saccharomyces boulardii (probiotic) for their efficacy against UC. Our findings evidenced that the combination of mesalamine with S. boulardii showed a synergistic effect in the 2,4,6- trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis model by reducing the inflammation and maintains the macroscopic features. From the observed results, it can be concluded that S. boulardii can be used to enhance the individual drug's effect in the therapeutic management of UC.

Untargeted LC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolomics approach for revealing bioactive components in probiotic fermented coffee brews.

Amidst trends in non-dairy probiotic foods and functional coffees, we recently developed a fermented coffee brew containing high live counts of the probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM-I745. However, probiotic fermentation did not alter levels of principal coffee bioactive components based on targeted analyses. Here, to provide therapeutic justification compared to other non-fermented coffee brews, we aimed to discover postbiotics in coffee brews fermented with L. rhamnosus GG and/or S. boulardii CNCM-I745. By using an untargeted LC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolomics approach coupled with validated multivariate analyses, 37 differential metabolites between fermentation treatments were putatively annotated. These include the production of postbiotics such as 2-isopropylmalate by S. boulardii CNCM-I745, and aromatic amino acid catabolites (indole-3-lactate, p-hydroxyphenyllactate, 3-phenyllactate), and hydroxydodecanoic acid by L. rhamnosus GG. Overall, LC-QTOF based untargeted metabolomics can be an effective approach to uncover postbiotics, which may substantiate additional potential functionalities of probiotic fermented foods compared to their non-fermented counterparts.

In vitro bioactivities of coffee brews fermented with the probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM-I745.

Previously, we demonstrated the production of bioactive metabolites (e.g., indole-3-lactate, 4-hydroxyphenyllactate, 3-phenyllactate, 2-isopropylmalate) by the probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM-I745 during coffee brew fermentation. However, it remains unclear if in situ production of bioactive metabolites confers additional health benefits to coffee brews. Here, we aimed to investigate the in vitro bioactivities of freeze-dried cell-free coffee supernatants fermented with L. rhamnosus GG and/or S. boulardii CNCM-I745, compared to non-fermented coffee supernatants. In vitro bioactivity assays pertained to α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, antiglycative activities, anti-proliferation against human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT116, and HepG2), cellular antioxidant activities, and anti-inflammatory activities. We demonstrated that non-fermented coffee supernatants displayed weak starch hydrolase inhibition (IC50 > 36.00 mg/mL), but otherwise displayed strong anti-glycative (IC50 0.71-0.74 mg/mL), anti-proliferative (IC50 0.45, 0.36, and < 0.5 mg/mL for MCF-7, HCT116, and HepG2 respectively), cellular antioxidant (85,844.22 µmol quercetin equivalents/100 g coffee supernatant), and anti-inflammatory activities (35.7% reduction in nitrite production at 0.13 mg/mL). In all the assays tested, probiotic fermented coffee supernatants exhibited very similar bioactivities compared to non-fermented coffee supernatants, and improvements were not observed. Overall, in vitro bioactivities of coffee brews were not improved via in situ metabolite production by L. rhamnosus GG and/or S. boulardii CNCM-I745. Therefore, bioactive metabolites produced during probiotic-induced food fermentations may not necessarily confer additional health benefits compared to non-fermented counterparts.

Effects of 60-Day Saccharomyces boulardii and Superoxide Dismutase Supplementation on Body Composition, Hunger Sensation, Pro/Antioxidant Ratio, Inflammation and Hormonal Lipo-Metabolic Biomarkers in Obese Adults: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

In animals it has been demonstrated that Saccharomyces boulardii and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) decrease low-grade inflammation and that S. boulardii can also decrease adiposity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 60-day S. boulardii and SOD supplementation on circulating markers of inflammation, body composition, hunger sensation, pro/antioxidant ratio, hormonal, lipid profile, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR, in obese adults (BMI 30-35 kg/m2). Twenty-five obese adults were randomly assigned to intervention (8/4 women/men, 57 ± 8 years) or Placebo (9/4 women/men, 50 ± 9 years). Intervention group showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease of body weight, BMI, fat mass, insulin, HOMA Index and uric acid. Patients in intervention and control groups showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of GLP-1. Intervention group showed an increase (p < 0.05) of Vitamin D as well. In conclusion, the 60-day S. boulardii-SOD supplementation in obese subjects determined a significant weight loss with consequent decrease on fat mass, with preservation of fat free mass. The decrease of HOMA index and uric acid, produced additional benefits in obesity management. The observed increase in vitamin D levels in treated group requires further investigation.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii supplementation exert protective effects on human gut microbiome following antibiotic administration in vitro.

Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of the microbial community has been associated with several gastrointestinal symptoms. The impact of repeated administration of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (CNCM-I-4798) (formerly known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG), Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (CNCM-I-1079) and their combination (associated in Smebiocta/Smectaflora Protect®) in supporting recovery of gut microbiota functionality and composition during and following amoxicillin:clavulanic acid administration was evaluated in vitro. Antibiotic dosage negatively affected SCFA production, coinciding with detrimental effects on Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Bifidobacterium spp. in the simulated proximal colon, while Akkermansia muciniphila was significantly reduced in the distal colon. L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii were able to thrive in both colon regions upon dosing, with S. boulardii even showing protective effects on the survival of L. rhamnosus GG during antibiotic administration. The impact of the probiotic strains on microbiome recovery revealed that supplementation with L. rhamnosus GG and/or S. boulardii resulted in a stimulating effect on the most abundant bacterial groups within the bacterial community of each donor. For one of the donors tested, co-dosing of L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii resulted in superior short-chain fatty acid recovery accompanied by a stronger increase in abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae. Overall, the current study provides first evidence that combined supplementation of L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii might be an interesting candidate in limiting detrimental effects of amoxicillin:clavulanic acid on the human gut microbiome, though further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Growth, survival, and metabolic activities of probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM-I745 in fermented coffee brews.

Amidst rising demand for non-dairy probiotic foods, and growing interest in coffees with added functionalities, it would be opportune to ferment coffee brews with probiotics. However, challenges exist in maintaining probiotic viability in high-moisture food products. Here, we aimed to enhance the viability of the probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in coffee brews by co-culturing with the probiotic yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM-I745. The yeast significantly enhanced the viability of L. rhamnosus GG, as bacterial populations beyond 7 Log CFU/mL were maintained throughout 14 weeks of storage at 4 and 25 °C. In contrast, the single culture of L. rhamnosus GG suffered viability losses below 6 Log CFU/mL within 10 weeks at 4 °C, and 3 weeks at 25 °C. Growth and survival of S. boulardii CNCM-I745 remained unaffected by the presence of L. rhamnosus GG. Volatile profiles of coffee brews were altered by probiotic metabolic activities, but co-culturing led to suppressed generation of diacetyl and ethanol compared to single cultures. Probiotic fermentation did not alter principal coffee bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities; however, declines in peroxyl radical scavenging capacities were observed after ambient storage. Overall, we illustrate that yeasts are effective in enhancing probiotic bacterial viability in coffee brews, which may be useful in developing shelf stable probiotic food products.

Immunomodulatory effect of short-term supplementation with Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112T and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in sheep vaccinated with Clostridium chauvoei.

The bacterium Clostridium chauvoei is the causative agent of blackleg in livestock, and vaccination is the most effective means of prevention. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of short-term supplementation with Bacillus toyonensis and Saccharomyces boulardii on the immune response to a C. chauvoei vaccine in sheep. Sheep were vaccinated subcutaneously on day 0 and received a booster dose on day 21, with 2 mL of a commercial vaccine formulated with inactivated C. chauvoei bacterin adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. Probiotics were orally administered B. toyonensis (3 × 108 cfu) and S. boulardii (3 × 108 cfu) over five days prior to the first and second doses of the vaccine. Sheep supplemented with B. toyonensis and S. boulardii showed significantly higher specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 titers (P<0.05), with approximately 24- and 14-fold increases in total IgG levels, respectively, than the nonsupplemented group. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the supplemented group had increased mRNA transcription levels of the IFN-γ, IL2, and Bcl6 genes. These results demonstrate an adjuvant effect of short-term supplementation with B. toyonensis and S. boulardii on the immune response against the C. chauvoei vaccine in sheep.

Ferulated Pectins and Ferulated Arabinoxylans Mixed Gel for Saccharomyces boulardii Entrapment in Electrosprayed Microbeads.

Ferulated polysaccharides such as pectin and arabinoxylan form covalent gels which are attractive for drug delivery or cell immobilization. Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast known for providing humans with health benefits; however, its application is limited by viability loss under environmental stress. In this study, ferulated pectin from sugar beet solid waste (SBWP) and ferulated arabinoxylan from maize bioethanol waste (AX) were used to form a covalent mixed gel, which was in turn used to entrap S. boulardii (2.08 × 108 cells/mL) in microbeads using electrospray. SBWP presented a low degree of esterification (30%), which allowed gelation through Ca2+, making it possible to reduce microbead aggregation and coalescence by curing the particles in a 2% CaCl2 cross-linking solution. SBWP/AX and SBWP/AX+ S. boulardii microbeads presented a diameter of 214 and 344 µm, respectively, and a covalent cross-linking content (dimers di-FA and trimer tri-FA of ferulic acid) of 1.15 mg/g polysaccharide. The 8-5', 8-O-4'and 5-5'di-FA isomers proportions were 79%, 18%, and 3%, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of propidium iodide-stained yeasts confirmed cell viability before and after microbeads preparation by electrospray. SBWP/AX capability to entrap S. boulardii would represent an alternative for probiotic immobilization in tailored biomaterials and an opportunity for sustainable waste upcycling to value-added products.

Study on the effectiveness and safety of Xingpi Yanger granule combined with Saccharomyces boulardii for rotavirus enteritis in children: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine preparation XPYEG combined with SBI and SBI alone in the treatment of REC, and to provide the reference in drugs for the clinical treatment of children with rotavirus enteritis. METHODS: Retrieving the English databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase; Chinese databases: CNKI, CBM and WANFANG Data. Retrieving a randomized controlled trial of XPYEG and SBI in the treatment of REC. The retrieval time is from the above database until September 2020. The retrieval strategy of combining free words and subject words is adopted, and the references included in the literature are searched manually in accordance with the literature studied in this paper and not included in the above database. Two researchers screen the literature according to the literature inclusion and exclusion criteria, extract valid data and evaluate the quality of the literature, and cross-check it. Using the RevMan 5.3 software to conduct the meta-analysis on the main outcome and secondary outcome indicators of the included literature, while assessing the evidence quality of included study. RESULTS: The effectiveness and safety of XPYEG and SBI in the treatment of REC are presented through the main and secondary outcome indicators. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/3QSZG. CONCLUSION: This study will conclude whether the combination of XPYEG and SBI is more effective than SBI alone in the treatment of REC, and whether the medication increases the risk of adverse reactions compared with single medication. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study does not involve the specific patients, and all research data comes from publicly available professional literature, so an ethics committee is not required to conduct an ethical review and approval of the study.