Effect of family integrated care on breastfeeding of preterm infants: A scoping review.

AIMS: The aims are to describe the key components of family integrated care intervention for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and assess the impact on breastfeeding outcomes for those infants. DESIGN: A scoping review. METHODS: We conducted a systematic study search based on the databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, CNKI and Wanfang Database in December 2022. The search time ranged from database establishment to 31 December 2022. Papers by manual searching were also listed on the references. We adopted Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual methodology and followed the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) to conduct the review. Two independent reviewers filtered the papers, extracted data and synthesized the findings. A table was used to extract data and synthesize results. RESULTS: After systematic searching, 11 articles that implemented family integrated care (FIcare) were finally included in this scoping review. By analysing the implementation of this nursing model, we identified seven main components: NICU staff training, parent education, parent participation in infants' care, parent involvement in medical plans, peer support, NICU environmental support and mobile app for parents. Based on the extracted breastfeeding data, this scoping review concludes that family integrated care shows a positive effect on increasing breastfeeding rates at discharge. Through this scoping review, we find that family integrated care is feasible and it can support breastfeeding of preterm infants. Further studies will be needed to provide more evidence that family integrated care could facilitate breastfeeding of preterm infants. IMPACT: This scoping review provides evidence for the positive role of family integrated care on breastfeeding outcomes. The analysis may contribute to the implementation of family integrated care. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No further public or patient contribution was made in view of the review-based nature of the research.

Assessing HeartSong as a Neonatal Music Therapy Intervention: A Qualitative Study on Personal and Professional Caregivers' Perspectives.

BACKGROUND: The music therapy HeartSong intervention pairs newborn infant heartbeats with parents' Song of Kin. Formal evidence on professional and personal caregiver perspectives of this intervention is lacking. PURPOSE: This survey study evaluates the HeartSong music therapy intervention from parent and staff perspectives. METHODS: A qualitative study assessing inclusion of HeartSong for family neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) care surveyed 10 professional caregivers comprising medical and psychosocial NICU teams anonymously reflecting their impressions of the intervention. Digital survey of parents/guardians contacted through semistructured phone interviews relayed impressions of recordings: subsequent setup, Song of Kin selection, and use of HeartSong, including thoughts/feelings about it as an intervention. RESULTS: Professional and personal caregivers valued the HeartSong intervention for bereavement support, family support, including parental, extended family/infant support, and to enhance bonding. Emergent themes: memory-making, connectedness/closeness, support of parent role, processing mental health needs of stressful NICU days, and subsequent plans for lifelong HeartSong use. Therapeutic experience was named as a crucial intervention aspect and participants recommended the HeartSong as a viable, accessible NICU intervention. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH: HeartSong's use showed efficacy as a clinical NICU music therapy intervention for families of critically ill and extremely preterm infants, when provided by trained, specialized, board-certified music therapists. Future research focusing on HeartSong in other NICU populations might benefit infants with cardiac disease, parental stress, and anxiety attending to parent-infant bonding. Costs and time benefits related to investment are needed before implementation is considered.

Implementing modified family integrated care in a U.S. neonatal intensive care unit: nursing perspectives and effects on parents.

OBJECTIVES: (1) Assess effects of a modified Family Integrated Care (FICare) model on U.S. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) parents; (2) Evaluate NICU nurses' perspectives. DESIGN: Case -control design with parental stress assessed before and after NICU-wide FICare implementation using Parent Stressor Scale: NICU (PSS:NICU) questionnaire. In addition, stratification by degree of participation evaluated associations with parental stress, parental-staff communication and discharge readiness. Questionnaires captured nursing perspectives on FICare. RESULTS: 79 parents (88%) participated prior to FICare; 90 (90%) after. Parent stress was lower (p < 0.001) with FICare. Parents learning 5-15 infant-care skills had lower stress compared to those learning <5 (p = 0.008). Parent utilization of an educational app was associated with improved communication frequency (p = 0.007) and quality (p = 0.012). Bedside NICU nurses reported multiple positive associations of FICare for parents and staff. CONCLUSIONS: Any degree of FICare participation decreases parental stress; increased participation has multiple positive associations.

Neuromonitoring in neonatal critical care part II: extremely premature infants and critically ill neonates.

Neonatal intensive care has expanded from cardiorespiratory care to a holistic approach emphasizing brain health. To best understand and monitor brain function and physiology in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the most commonly used tools are amplitude-integrated EEG, full multichannel continuous EEG, and near-infrared spectroscopy. Each of these modalities has unique characteristics and functions. While some of these tools have been the subject of expert consensus statements or guidelines, there is no overarching agreement on the optimal approach to neuromonitoring in the NICU. This work reviews current evidence to assist decision making for the best utilization of these neuromonitoring tools to promote neuroprotective care in extremely premature infants and in critically ill neonates. Neuromonitoring approaches in neonatal encephalopathy and neonates with possible seizures are discussed separately in the companion paper. IMPACT: For extremely premature infants, NIRS monitoring has a potential role in individualized brain-oriented care, and selective use of aEEG and cEEG can assist in seizure detection and prognostication. For critically ill neonates, NIRS can monitor cerebral perfusion, oxygen delivery, and extraction associated with disease processes as well as respiratory and hypodynamic management. Selective use of aEEG and cEEG is important in those with a high risk of seizures and brain injury. Continuous multimodal monitoring as well as monitoring of sleep, sleep-wake cycling, and autonomic nervous system have a promising role in neonatal neurocritical care.

Effect of Family Integrated Care on maternal stress in preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A bi-center experience.

AIM: To compare the effect of family integrated care (FICare) on maternal stress in preterm infants with traditional non-parent neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) care. METHODS: We continuously enrolled mothers and their preterm infants from two NICUs between August 2014 and April 2017; while one NICU applied the FICare model (FICare group) and the other performed standard non-parent care model (control group). Maternal stress was evaluated by the Parental Stress Scale: NICU (PSS: NICU) on admission and right before the discharge. A generalized linear model to adjust for potential confounders. Subgroup analysis was also performed for comparisons between two groups. RESULTS: A total of 215 mothers with preterm infants were included in this study, among whom 118 (54.88%) were in FICare group and 97 (45.12%) were in control group. The mean PSS: NICU score was 117.36 ± 26.27 on admission with no difference between two groups. Before being discharged home, the PSS: NICU score of parents in both groups was significantly reduced, with the score of FICare group was significantly lower than that of control group. In all sub-domains of PSS: NICU score as sights and sounds, baby looks and behavior score, and parental role, the scores of FICare group were significantly lower than control group. CONCLUSIONS: There was a simultaneous decrease of maternal stress for NICU preterm infants. FICare further facilitates reducing the maternal stress. It shall be encouraged to apply FICare model in NICUs.

Interprofessional Collaboration in the Context of Pain Management in Neonatal Intensive Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

PURPOSE: Describe interprofessional collaboration (IPC) in the context of pain management in neonatal intensive care based on healthcare team members' perceptions of partnership, cooperation and coordination. DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. BACKGROUND: IPC improves the quality of pain management for neonates. IPC is teamwork involving both professionals and the neonates' parents. Parents play an important role in the holistic care of their infant, which includes pain management. METHODS: Data was collected with Assessment of Interprofessional Collaboration Scale (AITCS-II) from the healthcare teams featuring representatives (n = 132) of multiple professional groups who were working in neonatal intensive care units (n = 4) in Finland. Descriptive statistical methods and the Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The results were examined in three subscales of IPC (partnership, cooperation and coordination) on three different levels: "need to focus on developing collaborative practice", "moving towards collaboration" and "good collaboration". Participants perceived all the subscales as well as the overall level of IPC for pain management in neonatal intensive care to be at level "moving towards collaboration". CONCLUSION: Participants appreciated each other as professionals and were willing to cooperate, but they had different perceptions of parental involvement in IPC. Attention should be paid to IPC in specific contexts such as pain management.

Frequently acquired drugs in neonatal intensive care and their physical compatibility.

AIM: Incompatibility of intravenous drugs is dangerous and therefore undesirable. The aim of this study was to identify the most commonly acquired intravenous drugs in five neonatal intensive care units and test these for compatibility. METHODS: The most frequently acquired drugs in five key hospitals in the South-Eastern district of Norway for 2019 and 2020 served as a proxy for the prevalence of use. Representatives were selected from the three most prevalent groups based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system. Co-administration of drug pairs was simulated using clinically relevant concentrations and infusion rates representing mixing ratios in the catheter. Particle formation was assessed by particle counting and size measurement, by visual examination using Tyndall beam, by turbidity and by measuring pH of mixed samples. RESULTS: The most frequently acquired drug groups were anti-infectives, neurological agents and cardiovascular drugs. Compatibility testing revealed that both ampicillin and benzylpenicillin were incompatible with morphine. Flecainide and fluconazole showed no signs of incompatibility with morphine. No information on these combinations in a neonatal-relevant setting is available. CONCLUSION: We recommend to abstain from co-administering ampicillin and benzylpenicillin with morphine in neonatal intensive settings. Morphine co-administered with flecainide and fluconazole in neonatal patients were evaluated as safe.

A feasibility randomized controlled trial of a NICU rehabilitation program for very low birth weight infants.

Motor disability is common in children born preterm. Interventions focusing on environmental enrichment and emotional connection can positively impact outcomes. The NICU-based rehabilitation (NeoRehab) program consists of evidence-based interventions provided by a parent in addition to usual care. The program combines positive sensory experiences (vocal soothing, scent exchange, comforting touch, skin-to-skin care) as well as motor training (massage and physical therapy) in a gestational age (GA) appropriate fashion. To investigate the acceptability, feasibility and fidelity of the NeoRehab program in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. All interventions were provided by parents in addition to usual care. Infants (≤ 32 weeks' GA and/or ≤ 1500 g birthweight) were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing NeoRehab to usual care (03/2019-10/2020). The a priori dosing goal was for interventions to be performed 5 days/week. The primary outcomes were the acceptability, feasibility and fidelity of the NeoRehab program. 36 participants were randomized to the intervention group and 34 allocated to usual care. The recruitment rate was 71% and retention rate 98%. None of the interventions met the 5 days per week pre-established goal. 97% of participants documented performing a combination of interventions at least 3 times per week. The NeoRehab program was well received and acceptable to parents of VLBW infants. Programs that place a high demand on parents (5 days per week) are not feasible and goals of intervention at least 3 times per week appear to be feasible in the context of the United States. Parent-provided motor interventions were most challenging to parents and alternative strategies should be considered in future studies. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between intervention dosing on long term motor outcomes.

Short-term Music Therapy for Families With Preterm Infants: A Randomized Trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate short-term effects of music therapy (MT) for premature infants and their caregivers on mother-infant bonding, parental anxiety, and maternal depression. METHODS: Parallel, pragmatic, randomized controlled-trial conducted in 7 level III NICUs and 1 level IV NICU in 5 countries enrolling premature infants (<35 weeks gestational age at birth) and their parents. MT included 3 sessions per week with parent-led, infant-directed singing supported by a music therapist. Primary outcome was mother-infant bonding as measured by the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) at discharge from NICU. Secondary outcomes were parents' symptoms of anxiety measured by General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and maternal depression measured by Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Group differences at the assessment timepoint of discharge from hospital were tested by linear mixed effect models (ANCOVA). RESULTS: From August 2018 to April 2020, 213 families were enrolled in the study, of whom 108 were randomly assigned to standard care and 105 to MT. Of the participants, 208 of 213 (98%) completed treatment and assessments. Participants in the MT group received a mean (SD) of 10 sessions (5.95), and 87 of 105 participants (83%) received the minimum of 6 sessions. The estimated group effect (95% confidence interval) for PBQ was -0.61 (-1.82 to 0.59). No significant differences between groups were found (P = .32). No significant effects for secondary outcomes or subgroups were found. CONCLUSIONS: Parent-led, infant-directed singing supported by a music therapist resulted in no significant differences between groups in mother-infant bonding, parental anxiety, or maternal depression at discharge.

NICU Staff's Perceptions and Attitudes Toward the Family Integrated Care (FICare) Model: A Chinese Cross-sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Family Integrated Care (FICare) is an innovative model that encourages parents to assume the role of primary caregivers during the neonatal period. PURPOSE: To conduct a survey of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses and physicians on a national scale to determine their perceptions and attitudes toward FICare. METHODS: Data on 3 domains were collected: demographic characteristics, FICare perceptions, and attitudes. The survey included 299 NICU nurses and physicians from 31 tertiary-level NICUs across China (response rate = 96.5%). RESULTS: The respondents showed a positive attitude toward implementing FICare and recognized its positive impact on infants. However, some respondents raised concerns regarding its feasibility and limitations of the NICU setting. The respondents' perceptions and attitudes of FICare varied based on their personal characteristics, such as marital status and day/night work shifts. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH: Most NICU nurses and physicians reported that FICare can benefit infants. Despite some constraints related to the NICU environmental conditions, most NICU leaders felt positive about implementing FICare in China. Therefore, establishing key strategies for performing FICare, selecting appropriate personnel, and educating the staff regarding FICare are useful approaches to promote FICare implementation. FICare requires the team's collaborative effort with the support of NICU leaders to overcome system and setting barriers. Nurses should serve as navigators to guide its implementation. More studies on healthcare setting policies, parents' perceptions, and approaches for healthcare professionals to perform FICare in China are required.

Utilização do cuidado popular por egressos de unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal / Utilización del cuidado popular en niños salidos de unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales / Use of popular care by discharged patients of a neonatal intensive care unit

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre a busca por cuidados populares e condições socioeconômicas e de saúde relacionadas às crianças egressas de unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Métodos Coorte retrospectiva com 165 crianças menores de 48 meses, egressas de unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal de duas das maiores maternidades públicas de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro, nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Dados perinatais foram obtidos de prontuários e sobre cuidados de saúde por meio de questionários. Criou-se um modelo teórico, estabelecendo relações entre condições socioeconômicas, presença de morbidade na alta e o impacto direto ou indireto no uso do setor popular. Para análise, utilizou-se Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (α=5%). Resultados A utilização do setor popular foi a menos prevalente entre os três setores de cuidado. A presença de morbidade na alta registrou efeito total significante (coeficiente padronizado de 0,302; valor de p=0,030), porém, sem efeito direto para a busca por esse setor. Dentre as práticas do setor popular, a procura por benzedeira/curandeiro (55,3%) foi a mais prevalente. Conclusão Apresentar morbidade na alta da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, associada a outras variáveis não identificadas, é fator que pode influenciar na busca por cuidados de saúde no setor popular, sem excluir a busca por cuidados com profissionais da saúde.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la relación entre la búsqueda de cuidados populares y las condiciones socioeconómicas y de salud relacionadas con niños salidos de unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Métodos Cohorte retrospectiva con 165 niños menores de 48 meses, salidos de unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales de dos de las mayores maternidades públicas de una capital del nordeste brasileño, durante los años 2014 y 2015. Los datos perinatales se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas y los datos sobre cuidados de salud por medio de cuestionarios. Se creó un modelo teórico, que estableció relaciones entre condiciones socioeconómicas, presencia de morbilidad en el alta e impacto directo o indirecto en el uso del sector popular. Para el análisis, se utilizó el Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (α=5 %). Resultados La utilización del sector popular fue la menos prevalente entre los tres sectores de cuidado. La presencia de morbilidad en el alta registró un efecto total significante (coeficiente estandardizado de 0,302; valor de p=0,030), pero sin efecto directo en la búsqueda de ese sector. Entre las prácticas del sector popular, la búsqueda de acceder a un curandero (55,3 %) fue la más prevalente. Conclusión Presentar morbilidad en el alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales, junto con otras variables no identificadas, es un factor que puede influenciar en la búsqueda de cuidados de salud en el sector popular, sin excluir la búsqueda de cuidados con profesionales de salud.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the relationship between the search for popular care and socioeconomic and health conditions related to children discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods Retrospective cohort with a total of 165 children under 48 months old, discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit of two of the largest public maternity hospitals in a capital city in northeastern Brazil, in 2014 and 2015. Perinatal data were obtained from medical records and on health care through questionnaires. A theoretical model was created, establishing relationships between socioeconomic conditions, the presence of morbidity at discharge and the direct or indirect impact on the use of the popular sector. For analysis, Structural Equation Modeling was used (α=5%). Results The use of the popular sector was the least prevalent among the three care sectors. The presence of morbidity at discharge had a significant total effect (standardized coefficient of 0.302; p-value = 0.030), however, with no direct effect on the search for this sector. Among the practices of the popular sector, the search for a healer (55.3%) was the most prevalent. Conclusion Having morbidity at discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit, associated with other unidentified variables, is a factor that can influence the search for health care in the popular sector, without excluding the search for care with health professionals.

Detemir vs neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin for diabetes mellitus in pregnancy: a comparative effectiveness, randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Insulin detemir, being used increasingly during pregnancy, may have pharmacologic benefits compared with neutral protamine Hagedorn. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the probability that compared with treatment with neutral protamine Hagedorn, treatment with insulin detemir reduces the risk for adverse neonatal outcome among individuals with type 2 or overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed at <20 weeks' gestation). STUDY DESIGN: We performed a multiclinic randomized controlled trial (September 2018 to January 2020), which included women with singleton gestation with type 2 or overt type 2 diabetes mellitus who sought obstetrical care at ≤21 weeks' gestation. Participants were randomized to receive either insulin detemir or neutral protamine Hagedorn by a clinic-stratified scheme. The primary outcome was a composite of adverse neonatal outcomes, including shoulder dystocia, large for gestational age, neonatal intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress (defined as the need of at least 4 hours of respiratory support with supplemental oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure or ventilation at the first 24 hours of life), or hypoglycemia. The secondary neonatal outcomes included gestational age at delivery, small for gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score of <7, lowest glucose level, need for intravenous glucose, respiratory distress syndrome, need for mechanical ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure, neonatal jaundice requiring therapy, brachial plexus injury, and hospital length of stay. The secondary maternal outcomes included hypoglycemic events, hospital admission for glucose control, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, maternal weight gain, cesarean delivery, and postpartum complications. We used the Bayesian statistics to estimate a sample size of 108 to have >75% probability of any reduction in the primary outcome, assuming 80% power and a hypothesized effect of 33% reduction with insulin detemir. All analyses were intent to treat under a Bayesian framework with neutral priors (a priori assumed a 50:50 likelihood of either intervention being better; National Clinical Trial identifier 03620890). RESULTS: There were 108 women randomized in this trial (57 in insulin detemir and 51 in neutral protamine Hagedorn), and 103 women were available for analysis of the primary outcome (n=5 for pregnancy loss before 24 weeks' gestation). Bayesian analysis indicated an 87% posterior probability of reduced primary outcome with insulin detemir compared with neutral protamine Hagedorn (posterior adjusted relative risk, 0.88; 95% credible interval, 0.61-1.12). Bayesian analyses for secondary outcomes showed consistent findings of lower adverse maternal outcomes with the use of insulin detemir vs neutral protamine Hagedorn: for example, maternal hypoglycemic events (97% probability of benefit; posterior adjusted relative risk, 0.59; 95% credible interval, 0.29-1.08) and hypertensive disorders (88% probability of benefit; posterior adjusted relative risk, 0.81; 95% credible interval, 0.54-1.16). CONCLUSION: In our comparative effectiveness trial involving individuals with type 2 or overt type 2 diabetes mellitus, use of insulin detemir resulted in lower rates of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes compared with neutral protamine Hagedorn.

Estrategias de intervención en la UCI neonatal: un enfoque fisioterapéutico / Intervention strategies in the neonatal ICU: a physiotherapeutic approach

Resumen El fisioterapeuta a lo largo de su profesión ha ampliado el espectro de intervenciones y escenarios de desempeño, siendo uno de los más recientes el abordaje en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal. Recientemente se han reportado en la literatura diferentes estrategias de intervención con el objetivo de lograr un desarrollo adecuado del neonato, tales como masaje, estimulación kinestésica, educación en el programa madre canguro, y maniobras de tórax. El objetivo del artículo fue revisar la información actual proveniente de la evidencia científica disponible sobre estas diferentes estrategias de intervención aplicadas en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal, por lo que se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los artículos encontrados entre febrero y agosto del 2019 en las bases de datos PUBMED y SCOPUS. Se obtuvieron 40 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de selección y que se incluyeron en la revisión. Finalmente, se concluye que estas estrategias de intervención fisioterapéutica contribuyen al logro de un desarrollo integral adecuado en el neonato. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(1): 63-72

Abstract The physiotherapist throughout his profession has broadened the spectrum of interventions and performance scenarios, one of the most recent being the approach in the neonatal intensive care unit. Recently, different intervention strategies have been reported in the literature with the aim of achieving adequate development of the newborn, such as massage, kinesthetic stimulation, education in the kangaroo mother program, and chest maneuvers. This article aimed to review the current information from the scientific evidence available on these different intervention strategies in the neonatal intensive care unit, so a bibliographic review of the articles found between February and August 2019 in PUBMED and SCOPUS databases was carried out. 40 articles which met the eligibility criteria were obtained and included in the review. Finally, it is concluded that these physiotherapeutic intervention strategies contribute to the achievement of an adequate integral development in the neonate. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(1): 63-72

An Integrative Review of Fathers' Needs in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Having a child admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is traumatic for both parents, but mothers and fathers may have different experiences, and thus, different needs. The purpose of this integrative review was to identify the needs of fathers of premature infants. A systematic review of 7 databases was conducted, and studies were evaluated by the Critical Appraisal Programme checklist. To provide structure for searching and reporting findings, the Whittemore and Knafle interpretive methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis methodology were used. A total of 19 articles were identified. The resulting themes included: need to be close to infant and involved in infant's care; need for information; need for a better NICU environment; need for emotional support; and need for a relationship with the NICU staff.

Mindful organizing as a healthcare strategy to decrease catheter-associated infections in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. A systematic review and grading recommendations (GRADE) system.

PURPOSE: To explore the clinical evidence available on mindful organizing (MO) that will improve teamwork for positioning and managing central venous catheters in patients admitted to neonatal intensive care and other pediatric intensive care units to decrease central-line-associated and catheter-related bloodstream infections (CLABSI and CRBSI). METHODS: We searched several databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, SCOPUS, and Web of Science) up to June 2018. We included studies investigating the effectiveness of MO teamwork in reducing CLABSI and CRBSI. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. We used validated appraisal checklists to assess quality. RESULTS: Seven studies were included: only one was a non-randomized case-controlled trial (CCT). All the others had a pre-post intervention design, one a time-series design and one an interrupted time-series design. The methodological heterogeneity precluded a meta-analysis. Despite the low certainty of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system, three studies including thousands of participants provided numerical data for calculating risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing MO with no intervention for decreasing the CLABSI rate in neonatal and pediatric ICUs. The one CCT disclosed no significant difference in the CLABSI rate decrease between groups (RR = 0.96; 95%CI 0.47-1.97). Nor did the pre- and post-intervention interrupted time-series design disclose a significant decrease (RR = 0.80; 95%CI 0.36 1.77). In the study using a before-after study design, the GRADE system found that the CLABSI rate decrease differed significantly in favor of post-intervention (RR = 0.13; 95%CI 0.03 0.57; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the decreased CLABSI rate, the available evidence is low in quality. To reduce the unduly high CLABSI rates in neonatal and pediatric intensive care settings, custom-designed clinical trials should further define the clinical efficacy of MO to include it in care bundles as a new international standard.

An integrative review of maternal distress during neonatal intensive care hospitalization.

To synthesize literature addressing maternal distress and associated variables in response to infant hospitalization in the NICU. CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, PsychINFO, and Scopus were searched for studies addressing maternal distress during NICU hospitalization published between January 2009 and August 2019. The initial literature search yielded 862 articles. Articles were included for analysis if (a) they were peer-reviewed, (b) maternal distress was defined or measured, and (c) maternal distress occurred in the NICU. Ultimately, 33 articles were included for analysis. Distress symptoms were not consistently measured across the literature by one specific instrument. However, despite the variety of instruments, distress was prevalent in this population. Individual elements of maternal distress in the NICU include depression, anxiety, trauma, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. These elements often occur together and tend to follow a specific trajectory during hospitalization. This body of literature was inconsistent regarding the timing of distress measurement as well as the relationship between relevant associated variables (e.g., marital status or infant illness severity) and maternal distress. Additionally, researchers often excluded mothers of non-preterm infants and infants with congenital anomalies from investigation. Researchers and clinicians should carefully consider timing and instrumentation in their interpretations of maternal distress measurement during a NICU hospitalization. Future work should focus on developing a comprehensive, valid, and reliable screening tool for clinicians and researchers to use to identify maternal distress in the NICU. Additionally, future research should address gaps in the populations included in studies.

Equipe de enfermagem no cuidado à criança com doença de Pompe em terapia intensiva / Nursing team in care for children with Pompe disease in intensive care / Equipo de enfermería en la atención de niños con enfermedad de Pompe en cuidados intensivos

Objetivo: investigar o conhecimento e práticas da equipe de enfermagem em relação ao cuidado à criança com Doença de Pompe em terapia intensiva. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada com entrevista semiestruturada com enfermeiras e técnicas em enfermagem que atuavam na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital do Rio Grande do Sul, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Os dados foram analisados pela análise de conteúdo. Resultados: as profissionais enfatizaram experiências que superam procedimentos técnicos, na busca de fornecer um cuidado integral qualificado e seguro, para proporcionar vivências mais próximas de um lar para a criança e familiares. Conclusão: a equipe de enfermagem possui conhecimentos para o cuidado e atua de forma multiprofissional. Conclui-se que estudos relacionados às doenças raras oferecem subsídios para qualificar o cuidado de enfermagem.

Objective: to investigate nursing team knowledge and practices regarding care for children with Pompe disease in intensive care. Method: in this qualitative, descriptive study, data were collected by semi-structured interviews of nurses and nursing technicians working in the neonatal intensive care unit of a hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, after ethics committee approval. Data were subjected to content analysis. Result: the nurses emphasized experiences that go beyond technical procedures, in the endeavor to provide safe and qualified comprehensive care in order to provide experiences closer to a home for the children and their families. Conclusion: the nursing team was knowledgeable about care and worked in multidisciplinary manner. It was concluded that studies relating to rare disease offer input to inform nursing care.

Objetivo: investigar el conocimiento y las prácticas del equipo de enfermería sobre el cuidado de niños con enfermedad de Pompe en cuidados intensivos. Método: en este estudio cualitativo descriptivo, los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a enfermeras y técnicos de enfermería que laboran en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales de un hospital de Rio Grande do Sul, previa aprobación del comité de ética. Los datos se sometieron a análisis de contenido. Resultado: las enfermeras destacaron experiencias que van más allá de los procedimientos técnicos, en el afán de brindar una atención integral segura y calificada con el fin de brindar experiencias más cercanas a un hogar para los niños y sus familias. Conclusión: el equipo de enfermería tenía conocimiento del cuidado y trabajaba de manera multidisciplinar. Se concluyó que los estudios relacionados con las enfermedades raras ofrecen información para informar la atención de enfermería.

Neonatal Nurses' Self-reported Practices, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Use of Maternal Voice for Preterm Infants.

BACKGROUND/SIGNIFICANCE: Infants born extremely premature (<1500 g) often experience lengthy stays in the challenging environment of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) separated from their parents. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' knowledge, attitude, and use of maternal voice as a therapeutic intervention for preterm infants in the NICU. METHODS: Neonatal nurses (n = 117) completed an online survey about the use of maternal voice in their individual units. Questions included: (1) previous knowledge surrounding use of maternal voice in the NICU; (2) their attitudes about using maternal voice recordings and/or live maternal speech as an intervention; (3) whether their unit had the necessary equipment and environment conducive to using the therapy; (4) average amount of time parents were in the NICU with their neonate; and (5) in what situations they would personally encourage the use of maternal recordings (during procedures, rounds, etc). RESULTS: Of those responding, 73.3% of nurse (n = 117) respondents agreed they were willing to incorporate maternal recordings into caregiving, with 80.8% indicating they were open to learning and employing different therapies to improve parental involvement in infant care. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: When the appropriate equipment is available, neonatal nurses are interested and willing to use alternative therapies that incorporate parental participation into direct caregiving as well as utilizing maternal voice recordings. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: Further research with larger, more diverse samples is needed to determine the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of maternal voice recordings by NICU nurses. Future research can also focus on barriers to utilization of the therapy during daily care.