Notas sobre o pesquisar em cena(s) / Notes on researching in scenes / Notas sobre la investigación en escena(s)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a construção metodológica desenvolvida em uma pesquisa de mestrado, na qual sustentamos a escrita de cenas como método de pesquisa da escuta clínica. As cenas do trabalho em questão foram recolhidas ao longo do tempo, no contorno da experiência de um projeto de extensão universitária de atenção à infância e adolescência em situação de vulnerabilidade social, situado em uma comunidade periférica. Apresentamos, neste texto, as interrogações que se elaboraram em torno da escolha pelo trabalho com cenas, e compartilhamos o resgate histórico dessas como um método de escrever a clínica, bem como a retomada de sua análise a partir da tradição psicanalítica. Amparadas nesta teoria e em leituras e contribuições do filósofo francês Jacques Derrida, embasamos a noção de que a cena se constitui como um lugar de produção, ao engendrar a configuração particular de elementos significantes nos processos de subjetivação e de construção social. A cena não é, então, compreendida aqui como uma representação do que acontece na clínica, mas como um modo de produzir a escuta e os seus processos de investigação.(AU)

This article aims to present the methodological construction developed in a master's research, in which the writing of scenes as a method of clinical listening research was endorsed. The scenes from the study in question were collected over time, from the experience gained in a project conducted within a university extension program on care in childhood and adolescence in social vulnerability, in a peripheral community. In this study, we present some questions that were elaborated surrounding the choices of working with scenes; and we share the historical rescue of this work as a method of writing on clinic practices and resuming their analysis from the psychoanalytic tradition. Based on the psychoanalytic theory and on the readings and contributions of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida, we corroborate the notion that the scene is constituted as a place of production, engendering the particular configuration of significant elements in the processes of subjectivation and social construction. Here, the scene is not a representation of clinical practice but one mode of producing listening and its research processes.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la construcción metodológica desarrollada en una investigación de maestría, en la que sostenemos la escritura de escenas como método de investigación de la escucha clínica. Las escenas del trabajo en cuestión se recogieron a lo largo del tiempo desde la experiencia en un proyecto de extensión universitario de atención a la niñez y adolescencia en situación de vulnerabilidad social aplicado en una comunidad periférica. En este texto, presentamos los interrogantes que se elaboraron en torno a la elección por el trabajo con escenas y compartimos el rescate histórico de las mismas como un método de escribir la clínica y la reanudación del análisis a partir de la tradición psicoanalítica. Amparadas en el psicoanálisis y en lecturas y contribuciones del filósofo francés Jacques Derrida, nos basaremos en la noción de que la escena se constituye como un lugar de producción, engendrando la configuración particular de elementos significantes en los procesos de subjetivación y de construcción social. La escena no es aquí una representación de lo que pasa en la clínica, sino un modo de producir escucha y sus procesos de investigación.(AU)

A Meta-Analysis of Treatment Interventions for Internet Addiction Among Korean Adolescents.

This study comprehensively examined the effects of treatment interventions for Internet addiction among adolescents in South Korea through a meta-analysis. We analyzed 70 domestic master's theses and journal articles that reported on controlled studies and involved pre- and post-test analyses in the design. The dates of these publications fall between 2000 and 2015. The total effect size, calculated by random-effect analysis (g), revealed that interventions for the treatment of Internet addiction were effective (ES = 1.838). Meta-ANOVAs revealed differences between groups based on a theoretical model, intervention group size, and intervention duration. Integrative therapy produced larger effect sizes (ES = 2.794) compared to other treatment models such as cognitive behavioral therapy and reality therapy. Effect sizes for interventions, including nine to 12 people (ES = 2.178), were larger than those of interventions including more or fewer participants. Finally, treatment interventions that lasted 8 or more weeks revealed larger effect sizes (ES = 2.294) compared to shorter interventions. The study findings suggest directions for the development and effective operation of future Internet addiction interventions among Korean adolescents. Increasing the effectiveness of these interventions requires an integrative theoretical model, an intervention group size of nine to 12 participants, and a long-term intervention.

A novel adaptive mixed reality system for stroke rehabilitation: principles, proof of concept, and preliminary application in 2 patients.

This article presents the principles of an adaptive mixed reality rehabilitation (AMRR) system, as well as the training process and results from 2 stroke survivors who received AMRR therapy, to illustrate how the system can be used in the clinic. The AMRR system integrates traditional rehabilitation practices with state-of-the-art computational and motion capture technologies to create an engaging environment to train reaching movements. The system provides real-time, intuitive, and integrated audio and visual feedback (based on detailed kinematic data) representative of goal accomplishment, activity performance, and body function during a reaching task. The AMRR system also provides a quantitative kinematic evaluation that measures the deviation of the stroke survivor's movement from an idealized, unimpaired movement. The therapist, using the quantitative measure and knowledge and observations, can adapt the feedback and physical environment of the AMRR system throughout therapy to address each participant's individual impairments and progress. Individualized training plans, kinematic improvements measured over the entire therapy period, and the changes in relevant clinical scales and kinematic movement attributes before and after the month-long therapy are presented for 2 participants. The substantial improvements made by both participants after AMRR therapy demonstrate that this system has the potential to considerably enhance the recovery of stroke survivors with varying impairments for both kinematic improvements and functional ability.

[Rehabilitation in Alzheimer's dementia]. / Riabilitazione nella demenza di Alzheimer.

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that causes a progressive decline of cognitive and behavioural functions. The simultaneous presence of these disorders requires a treatment not only for cognitive decline, but also for behavioural symptoms, depression and caregiver's stress. Research has made many efforts to develop a wide range of treatments, different from current pharmacological therapy, which is not resolutive, owing to the absence of an exact etiopathogenetic mechanism. Since new drugs have not been shown to be really effective in slowing cognitive impairment, various forms of rehabilitative interventions have been proposed in order to treat Alzheimer's disease. Their efficacy in the improvement of cognitive functions is still not completely clear. Surely, interesting results have been obtained from studies about Reality Orientation Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Memory Training. Music therapy might provide a new form of rehabilitative intervention, especially acting on the reducing of behavioural symptoms. These alternative forms of non pharmacological treatment may have a positive effect on caregiver. The heavy emotional burden of seeing a loved one becoming confused and isolated and of having to accept new responsibilities, may be reduced by rehabilitative supports, complementary to the pharmacological therapy. Caregiver stress could be reduced in two ways: by promoting the hope that something is being done for the patient and providing free time for himself.

[New therapeutic activity in geriatric psychiatry]. / Nové terapeutické aktivity v gerontopsychiatrii.

The author mentions and describes in detail three dynamically oriented psychiatric activities which proved useful and became thus an important component of comprehensive treatment of demented patients. Part of the activating programme for patients with advanced affections of memory, orientation and concentrating capacity is Training in orientation and reality (TOR). Relaxation training (TR) helps patients to get rid of the sensation of tension, fear and uncertainty. Cognitive training (KT) helps to restore and improve cognitive functions. By means of the mentioned activities the authors reinforce persisting abilities and skills. In the conclusion the authors present recommendations which make the reader familiar with suitable communication with and treatment of clients suffering from organic brain affections.

A one year follow-up of the multimodal treatment for chronic pain.

Twenty-three outpatients with chronic pain began a 3-part treatment package designed to provide symptom control, stimulus control and social system modification. Fourteen patients completed the full course of therapy. The remaining 9 patients were designated as partial completers. A mean of 22.9 weekly hour long therapy sessions resulted in statistically significant decreases in pain, depression, anxiety and medication intake. These improvements were maintained at 1 year follow-up. This study is consistent with the notion that chronic pain is maintained by a combination of inter- and intrapersonal factors. A controlled comparison of this treatment program with other treatments for chronic pain is indicated.

[Possibilities for rehabilitation in a county hospital]. / Rehabilitationsmöglichkeilen in einem Bezirksspital.

A county hospital with an infirmary surely offers the possibilities for rehabilitation as much as any other institution. Due to its manageable size, the county hospital can probably guarantee deeper personal care. The following possibilities are discussed: activating care, mental stimulation in a reality orientation program, dance and music therapy, plus the opening of the infirmary outwards, which remains a very important aspect. The rehabilitation in a county hospital can be guaranteed only by the complete cooperation between hospital internal and external medicine. An outpatient ward such as the day- and night-clinic is also a useful institution. In the future, the employment of volunteers in and outside the hospital will be of greater importance. Already now, greater efforts should be made on behalf of continued training and greater social prestige for these volunteers.

Comparison of a reality orientation program for geriatric patients with and without music.

Reality orientation (RO) is a technique used with patients exhibiting confused or disoriented behavior. The purpose of RO is to reverse or halt confusion, social withdrawal, and apathy characteristic of elderly institutionalized patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a traditional versus music-based RO program. Eight residents of the Chateau de Notre Dame Nursing Home were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. A pretest was administered to identify any significant differences in RO and behavior functioning between the two groups. The specific goals and objectives for the RO program were then formulated from information gathered on the pretest. The experimental group received two 30-minute music-based RO sessions a week for 8 weeks, while the control group received the same number of traditional RO sessions without music. Upon completion of the treatment, the posttest was administered to each subject. A two-way "mixed effects" analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. A significant interaction (p less than .05) was found between the groups and the treatment condition, with the control group remaining at the same level across trials and the group receiving the music-based RO showing marked improvement.

Psychotherapies: an overview.

The author schematically describes the three predominating themes in the development of the psychotherapies: dynamic, behavioral, and experiential. These themes represent different conceptualizations of the fundamental nature of man and his ills, therapeutic processes or change agents, the basic nature of the physician-patient relationship, and the primary techniques and methods used. Although there appears to be some unifying thread connecting the four different areas within each theme, a comparable bond does not exist across the three themes. The author questions the potential unification of the psychotherapies and poses specific dimensions for further exploration.