RESUMO
Biomediated ecofriendly method for the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using plants extracts (Toona ciliata, Ficus carica and Pinus roxburghii) has been reported. The nanoparticles so obtained were characterized by various techniques such as ultraviolet-visible, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Formation of nickel oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction where the former technique ascertains the formation of bond between nickel and oxygen. The nickel oxide nanoparticles were found to be crystalline cubic face centered and show intense photoluminescence emission at 416, 414 and 413 nm, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied against gram positive and gram negative bacterial species by agar well diffusion method. The nickel oxide nanoparticles show better activity against some bacterial strains with reference to the standard drugs Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin. The anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma of nanomaterials obtained from Pinus roxburghii was found to be greater than that derived from Toona ciliata and Ficus carica using the standard drug Albendazole. This method takes the advantage of the sustainable and economic approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles.
Assuntos
Biotecnologia/métodos , Ficus/metabolismo , Níquel/química , Pinus/metabolismo , Toona/metabolismo , Albendazol/química , Ciprofloxacina/química , Gentamicinas/química , Química Verde/métodos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Nanopartículas/química , Oxigênio/química , Tamanho da Partícula , Extratos Vegetais/química , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Temperatura , Termogravimetria , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Toona sinensis (A.Juss.) M.Roem., a multi-purpose tree of Meliaceae, is widely distributed and intensively cultivated in Asia, yet its high yielding, lipid-rich seeds are rarely exploited. The present study systematically analyzed the differences and correlations of seed morphological characteristics and fatty acid (FA) profiles of 62 representative T. sinensis germplasms distributed across northern to southern China. T. sinensis seeds were rich in total FAs (TFA, 107.03-176.18â mg/g). Additionally, linoleic acid (54.69-100.59â mg/g), α-linolenic acid (ALA, 22.47-45.02â mg/g), oleic acid (OA, 5.12-23.94â mg/g), palmitic acid (6.87-14.14â mg/g), stearic acid (SA, 3.13-6.57â mg/g) and elaidic acid (1.70-2.88â mg/g) were the major FAs measured by GC/MS analysis. Size (average width of 3.94±0.01â mm and length of 5.79±0.02â mm) and mass (average thousand-seed weight of 10.52±0.17 g) were greater in T. sinensis seeds collected south than north of 30° latitude. These traits were also positively correlated with unsaturated FA content and negatively related to SA and saturated FA contents (P<0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between seed length and polyunsaturated FA (R2 =0.370) and ALA levels (R2 =0.296), as well as between thousand-seed weight and monounsaturated FAs (R2 =0.309) and OA levels (R2 =0.297) (P<0.05). Seventeen T. sinensis germplasms gathered by cluster analysis as cluster IV were determined as desirable for oil processing due to their higher TFA and ALA contents and greater seed size and mass than others. Generally, the wider, heavier, and especially longer seeds of T. sinensis contain much higher levels of FAs, especially ALA, and are the more promising sources for breeding and the oil processing industry.