Subdose de acepromazina no acuponto yin tang para tranquilização de cães / Acepromazine subdose in yin tang acupoint for dog tranquilization / Subdosis de acepromacina en el punto yin tang para tranquilizar perros

Foi realizado um estudo para investigar a tranquilização de cães com subdose de acepromazina no acuponto yin tang, localizado no ponto médio de uma linha traçada entre os cantos laterais dos olhos. O estudo foi delineado em quatro protocolos, utilizando-se oito cães. No primeiro protocolo (P1) foi administrada acepromazina no yin tang em subdose (0,01mg/ kg). No segundo protocolo (P2) foi administrada a mesma dose utilizada em P1 por via intramuscular (IM). No terceiro protocolo (P3) foi administrada dose terapêutica (0,1mg/kg) IM. No quarto protocolo (P4) foi colocada uma agulha de acupuntura no yin tang. Durante as etapas foram aferidos: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR) e temperatura retal (TR). Tais aferições foram realizadas antes dos tratamentos, quinze minutos após a administração do fármaco e de quinze em quinze minutos até duas horas. Nos mesmos momentos foi pesquisada a presença ou ausência de decúbito, sonolência, ptose palpebral e outros sinais de tranquilização. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. No tratamento experimental (P1) dois cães apresentaram tranquilização satisfatória e um moderada, sem diferença significativa com o grupo no qual se administrou acepromazina em dose terapêutica IM. Concluiu-se que a administração de acepromazina em subdose no acuponto Yin Tang pode ser usada com segurança na rotina clínica nas mais diversas manipulações nas quais haja necessidade de tranquilização de cães...

A study was conducted to investigate the tranquilization of dogs using a subdose of acepromazine in the yin tang acupoint located in the medium point of a line drawn between the lateral corners of the eyes. The study was designed in four protocols using eight dogs. In the first protocol (P1), acepromazine was administered in yin tang in subdose (0.01mg/kg). In the second protocol (P2), the same dose as in P1 was administered by intramuscular route (IM). In the third protocol (P3), a therapeutic dose (0.1 mg/kg) was administered IM. In the fourth protocol (P4), an acupuncture needle was placed in the yin tang point. During the steps, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured. These evaluations were performed before treatment, fifteen minutes after drug administration, and every fifteen minutes for two hours. At the same moments, the presence or absence of decubitus, drowsiness, ptosis and other signs of tranquilization were observed. Data were statistically analyzed. In the experimental treatment (P1), one dog showed moderate tranquilization, and two dogs showed satisfactory tranquilization, without statistical difference from the group in which acepromazine was administered IM in the therapeutic dose. It can be concluded that the administration of acepromazine in subdose in the yin tang acupoint can be safely used in clinical practice, in various manipulations in which the need of tranquilization of dogs is necessary...

Se ha realizado un estudio para investigar como tranquilizar perros con acepromacina en subdosis en el punto de acupuntura yin tang, que se encuentra en el punto medio de una línea trazada entre las bordas laterales de los ojos. El estudio ha sido diseñado en cuatro protocolos utilizando ocho perros. En el primer protocolo (P1) se administró acepromacina en el punto yin tang en subdosis (0,01 mg / kg). En el segundo protocolo (P2), se administró la misma dosis usada en P1 por vía intramuscular (IM). En el tercer protocolo (P3), se administró dosis terapéutica (0,1 mg / kg) IM. En el cuarto protocolo (P4), se ha puesto una aguja de acupuntura en el punto yin tang. Durante las etapas se midieron: frecuencia cardíaca (FC), frecuencia respiratoria (FR) y la temperatura rectal (TR). Estas evaluaciones se realizaron antes del tratamiento, quince minutos después de la administración del fármaco, y a cada quince minutos durante dos horas. En los mismos momentos se ha investigado la presencia o ausencia de decúbito, somnolencia, ptosis de pálpebra y otras señales de tranquilidad. Los datos han sido analizados estadísticamente. En el tratamiento experimental (P1), dos perros mostraron tranquilidad satisfactoria y un perro moderada, lo que no fue significativamente diferente del grupo donde se administró dosis terapéutica de acepromacina por vía intramuscular. Se concluyó que la administración de acepromacina en subdosis en el punto yin tang puede ser utilizado con seguridad en la práctica clínica en las más diversas manipulaciones en las que hay la necesidad de tranquilizar perros...

Effect of "rose essential oil" inhalation on stress-induced skin-barrier disruption in rats and humans.

In stressed animals, several brain regions (e.g., hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus [PVN]) exhibit neuronal activation, which increases plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and glucocorticoids. We previously reported that so-called "green odor" inhibits stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA axis) and thereby prevents the chronic stress-induced disruption of the skin barrier. Here, we investigated whether rose essential oil, another sedative odorant, inhibits the stress-induced 1) increases in PVN neuronal activity in rats and plasma glucocorticoids (corticosterone [CORT] in rats and cortisol in humans) and 2) skin-barrier disruption in rats and humans. The results showed that in rats subjected to acute restraint stress, rose essential oil inhalation significantly inhibited the increase in plasma CORT and reduced the increases in the number of c-Fos-positive cells in PVN. Inhalation of rose essential oil significantly inhibited the following effects of chronic stress: 1) the elevation of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), an index of the disruption of skin-barrier function, in both rats and humans and 2) the increase in the salivary concentration of cortisol in humans. These results suggest that in rats and humans, chronic stress-induced disruption of the skin barrier can be limited or prevented by rose essential oil inhalation, possibly through its inhibitory effect on the HPA axis.

Cannabis withdrawal among non-treatment-seeking adult cannabis users.

This study investigates the clinical significance of a cannabis withdrawal syndrome in 104 adult, non-treatment-seeking, primarily cannabis users who reported at least one serious attempt to stop using cannabis. Retrospective self-report data were obtained on eighteen potential cannabis withdrawal symptoms derived from the literature, including co-occurrence, time course, and any actions taken to relieve the symptom. Study findings provide evidence for the clinical significance of a cannabis withdrawal syndrome, based on the high prevalence and co-occurrence of multiple symptoms that follow a consistent time course and that prompt action by the subjects to obtain relief, including serving as negative reinforcement for cannabis use.

[Experimental bases of the use of pharmacologic agents aimed at higher heat resistance of humans as means of individual protection]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie primeneniia farmakologicheskikh preparatov dlia povysheniia teplovoi ustoichivosti cheloveka v izoliruiushchikh sredstvakh individual'noi zashchity.

A group of volunteers was exposed to action of heating microclimate (ambient temperature 30 +/- 1 degrees C, relative humidity 35 +/- 5%) and other critical occupation factors (physical loading, personal protective equipment). They received simultaneously one of the medicines: placebo, bemethyl (0.5 g), phenibut (0.25 g), obsidan (0.08 g), or phenibut (0.25 g) combined with obsidan (0.08 g). Combined phenibut (0.25 g) with obsidan (0.08 g) were proved to be the most effective method to increase stability of the human body against studying critical occupational factors.

[Pharmacological correction of stress reactions after hyperthermia]. / Farmakologicheskaia korrektsiia stressovoi reaktsii pri gipertermii.

It was demonstrated experimentally that aminazine, phentolamine, nuredal, sapilent, teperin, dopegyt improved significantly the health status of animals exposed to high temperature and in many cases prevented their death. This gives evidence that the sympathetic nervous system plays a leading role in heat stroke and that sympathotrophic drugs can be used for protective purpose during acute overheating.

[Evaluation of the pain-alleviating properties of a combination of analgesic and tranquilizer using multiple stepwise regression]. / Otsenka boleutoliaiushchikh svoistv kombinatsii anal'getika i trankvilizatora s pomoshch'iu mnozhestvennoi poshagovoi regressii.

A method for preclinical evaluation of the optimal ratio (for analgesia) of an analgesic to a tranquilizer has been devised. It is based on the drug threshold dose decrease on the drug combined use. The multiple stepwise regression analysis of the data discovered the correlations between diazepam and promedol, optimal for pain perception decrease and nociceptive emotional responsiveness inhibition.

Relaxation training as a nursing intervention versus pro re nata medication.

To determine the effect of relaxation training on the frequency of intake of pro re nata medication for relief of tension and to compare the difference between live and taped instructions of this training 60 patients on PRN minor tranquilizers and sedatives in one nursing unit were studied. Subjects were randomly assigned to three groups: group A, control; group B, live instruction; group C, taped instruction. Dependent variables monitored were: 1) frequency of intake of PRN medication; 2) pre- and postinstruction change in blood pressure, pulse, and respiration; 3) change in the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale; and 4) change on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory score. Although no significant difference was found between method of relaxation training, there was evidence that group B surpassed group C in terms of benefit of the treatment. Physiologic variables as well as MMPI scales K, I, and VII yielded better results for group B. Not all variables demonstrated significant differences. Groups B and C were more similar at the conclusion of the study than had been anticipated-perhaps because subjects responded favorably to inclusion in the study regardless of method of training.