RESUMO
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a multifunctional extracellular glycoprotein present mainly in the fetal and adult skeleton. Although an inhibitory effect of TSP1 against pathological mineralization in cultured vascular pericytes has been shown, its involvement in physiological mineralization by osteoblasts is still unknown. To determine the role of TSP1 in biomineralization, mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the presence of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to the TSP1 sequence. The 18- and 24-mer antisense oligonucleotides caused concentration-dependent increases in the number of mineralized nodules, acid-soluble calcium deposition in the cell/matrix layer, and alkaline phosphatase activity within 9 days, without affecting cell proliferation. The corresponding sense or scrambled oligonucleotides did not affect these parameters. In the antisense oligonucleotide-treated MC3T3-E1 cells, thickened extracellular matrix, well-developed cell processes, increased intracellular organelles, and collagen fibril bundles were observed. On the other hand, the addition of TSP1 to the culture decreased the production of a mineralized matrix by MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, MC3T3-E1 clones overexpressing mouse TSP1 were established and assayed for TSP1 protein and their capacity to mineralize. TSP1 dose-dependently inhibited mineralization by these cells both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that TSP1 functions as an inhibitory regulator of bone mineralization and matrix production by osteoblasts to sustain bone homeostasis.
Assuntos
Calcificação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Osteoblastos/citologia , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Trombospondina 1/metabolismo , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Matriz Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Calcificação Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Transplante de Células , Células Cultivadas , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Oligonucleotídeos Antissenso/farmacologia , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoblastos/ultraestrutura , Osteocalcina/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Trombospondina 1/genética , Trombospondina 1/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The chemotactic activity of C5a and C5a des Arg can be enhanced significantly by the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), also known as Gc-globulin. DBP is a multifunctional 56-kDa plasma protein that binds and transports several diverse ligands. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which DBP functions as a chemotactic cofactor for C5a using neutrophils and U937 cells transfected with the C5aR (U937-C5aR cells). The results demonstrate that U937-C5aR cells show C5a chemotactic enhancement only to DBP in serum, but, unlike mature neutrophils, this cell line cannot respond to DBP in plasma or to purified DBP. Analysis by SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing revealed no structural difference between DBP in serum compared with DBP in plasma. However, plasma supplemented with either serum, DBP-depleted serum, or activated platelet releasate provides a required factor and permits DBP to function as a chemotactic cofactor for C5a. Fractionation of activated platelet releasate revealed that the additional factor possessed the properties of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). Finally, purified TSP-1 alone could reproduce the effect of serum or platelet releasate, whereas Abs to TSP-1 could block these effects. These results provide clear evidence that TSP-1 is needed for DBP to function as a chemotactic cofactor for C5a.