RESUMO
The appropriate starting point for a history of neurocritical care is a matter of debate, and the organization of facts and conjectures about it must be somewhat arbitrary. Intensive care for neurosurgical patients dates back to the work of Walter Dandy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in the 1930s; many consider his creation of a special unit for their postoperative care to be the first real ICU. The genesis of neurocritical care begins in prehistory, however. This article gives a predominantly North American history, with some brief forays into the rest of the world community of neurointensivists.
Assuntos
Cuidados Críticos/história , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/história , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/terapia , Neurologia/história , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/história , Coma/história , Coma/terapia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/história , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/fisiopatologia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/terapia , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Egito , Europa (Continente) , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História Antiga , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/história , Pressão Intracraniana , Neurologia/métodos , Poliomielite/história , Poliomielite/terapia , Insuficiência Respiratória/história , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Estado Epiléptico/história , Estado Epiléptico/terapia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/história , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Trepanação/história , Estados UnidosRESUMO
As of 1991, intensive care medicine in Germany is not an independent medical specialty but a part of other main medical specialities such as anesthesiology, internal medicine, surgery, and pediatrics. Accordingly, there is neither formal training nor a separate board examination in intensive care medicine. As in other countries, intensive care units (ICUs) were established during the 1950s and 1960s, triggered by the positive experience with consolidation of polio victims in special respiratory care units. Surgical (or operative) ICUs predominantly are operated by anesthesiology departments, as anesthesiologists' expertise in respiratory and hemodynamic support qualifies them for the management of the critically ill patient in the perioperative phase. This article gives a brief review of the development of intensive care medicine in Germany, thereby providing the historical background for its present national and regional organization, facilities, and education and training programs.