Cognition Disorders/drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use; Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use; Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism; Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism; Cognition Disorders/metabolism; Cognition Disorders/physiopathology; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology; Glutathione/metabolism; Hippocampus/drug effects; Hippocampus/metabolism; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism; Male; Maze Learning/drug effects; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism; Phytotherapy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism

AChE; AD; ANOVA; Alzheimer's disease; Anti-apoptosis; Aß; BDNF; ChAT; Cognition deficits; DAB; DE; DM; Diabetic encephalopathy; GSH; IGF-1; LWDHD; Liuwei Dihuang decoction; NO; Na(+)­K(+)-ATPase; Na(+)­K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase; Neuropathological changes; OGD; Oxidative stress; ROS; SD; STZ; Sprague Dawley; TCM; TUNEL; acetylcholinesterase; amyloid beta; brain derived neurophic factor; choline acetyltransferase; diabetes mellitus; diabetic encephalopathy; diaminobenzidine; glutathione; insulin-like growth factors 1; nitric oxide; one-way analysis of variance.; oxygen­glucose deprivation; reactive oxygen species; streptozotocin; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay; traditional Chinese medicine