Antimicrobial; Antiviral; CCEC, cerebral capillary vessel endothelial; CCL5, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5; CVA16, coxsackievirus A16; CVB3, coxsackievirus B3; CXCL10, chemokine, (C-X-C motif) ligand 10; Chalcone; DGC, dehydroglyasperin C; DHV, duck hepatitis virus; EV71, enterovirus 71; GA, 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid; GATS, glycyrrhizic acid trisodium salt; GL, glycyrrhizin; GLD, glabridin; Glycyrrhetinic acid; Glycyrrhizin; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HMGB1, high-mobility-group box1; HRSV, human respiratory syncytial virus; HSV, herpes simplex virus; HSV1, herpes simplex virus type 1; IFN, interferon; IL-6, interleukin-6; ISL, isoliquiritigenin; LCA, licochalcone A; LCE, licochalcone E; LTG, liquiritigenin; Licorice; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; MgIG, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate; PMN, polymorph nuclear; PrV, pseudorabies virus; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine