Understanding hourly patterns of Olea pollen concentrations as tool for the environmental impact assessment.

ABSTRACT

Bioinformatics clustering application for mining of a large set of olive pollen aerobiological data to describe the daily distribution of Olea pollen concentration. The study was performed with hourly pollen concentrations measured during 8 years (2011-2018) in Extremadura (Spain). Olea pollen season by quartiles of the pollen integral in preseason (Q1 0%-25%), in-season (Q2 and Q3 25%-75%) and postseason (Q4 75%-100%). Days with pollen concentrations above 100 grains/m3 were clustered according to the daily distribution of the concentrations. The factors affecting the prevalence of the different clusters were analyzed distance to olive groves and the moment during the pollen season and the meteorology. During the season, the highest hourly concentrations during the day where between 1200 and 1400, while during the preseason the highest hourly concentrations were detected in the afternoon and evening hours. In the postseason the pollen concentrations were more homogeneously distributed during 9-16 h. The representation shows a well-defined hourly pattern during the season, but a more heterogeneous distribution during the preseason and postseason. The cluster dendrogram shows that all the days could be clustered in 6 groups most of the clusters shows the daily peaks between 1100 and 1500 with a smooth curve (Cluster 1 and 3) or with a strong peak (2 and 5). Days included in cluster 9 shows an earlier peak in the morning (before 900). On the other hand, cluster 6 shows a peak in the afternoon, after 1500. Hourly concentrations show a sharper pattern during the season, with the peak during the hours close to the emission. Out of the season, when pollen is expected to come from farther distances, the hourly peak is located later from the emission time of the trees. Significant factors for predicting the hourly pattern were wind speed and direction and the distance to the olive groves.