BAL, Bronchoalveolar lavage; BALF, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; Bangladesh; CHO-K1, Wild-type Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1 cells; CIK, Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney Cell line; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19; CRD, Complex chronic respiratory disease; CRFK, Crandell-Reese feline kidney cells; EGCG, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate; EPO, Eosinophil peroxidase; Ethnobotany; FRhk-4cells, Fetal rhesus monkey kidney cells; H1N1, Hemagglutinin Type 1 and Neuraminidase Type 1; HEK293T, Human embryonic kidney cells; HEp-2 cells, Epithelial cells of human larynx carcinoma; HLAC, Human lymphoid aggregate cultures; HeLa, Human epithelial cervical carcinoma cell lines; Huh-7, Human hepatocyte-derived carcinoma cell line; IBD, Inflammatory bowel disease; ICU, Intensive care unit; IFN­Î³, Interferon­gamma; IL, Interleukin; IgE, Immunoglobulin E; MARC-145 cells, African green monkey kidney cell line; MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MDCK, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cell lines; MEF, Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells; Medicinal plants; NF-κB, Nuclear factor-kappaB; PBMCs, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells; RT-PCR, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; SARS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; TNF-ß, Tumor necrosis factor­beta; TNF­α, Tumor necrosis factor­alpha; Th, T-helper; Traditional home remedies; VERO cell lines, African green monkey kidney cell lines