Alternativas terapéuticas para el síndrome de apnea e hipoapnea obstructiva del sueño en niños con anomalías intermaxilares sagitales o transversales: Revisión narrativa / Therapeutic alternatives for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children with sagittal and transverse intermaxillary anomalies: Narrative review

RESUMEN

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome de apnea e hipoapnea obstructiva del sueño corresponde a un trastorno respiratorio del sueño muy prevalente en niños. Muchas alternativas terapéuticas buscan controlar los factores desencadenantes y la progresión de los signos y síntomas. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los efectos de los tratamientos para síndrome de apnea e hipoapnea del sueño en niños con anomalías intermaxilares sagitales o transversales. Material y método: Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos PubMed, Epistemónikos, EBSCO, TripDataBase y The Cochrane Library, con las palabras clave "Obstructive sleep apnea", "Obstructive sleep apnoea", "Sleep apnea syndrome", "Sleep apnoea syndrome", "Sleep apnea", "Sleep apnoea", "hypoapnea", "OSA", "Treatment", "Therapy", "Children", "Pediatric", "Craniofacial abnormalities", "Craniofacial anomalies", "Craniofacial abnormality", "Orthodontic" y una búsqueda retrógrada en los textos seleccionados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 23 artículos; 12 ensayos clínicos, 6 revisiones sistemáticas, 1 estudio observacional y 4 revisiones narrativas. Conclusión: Los tratamientos ortopédicos para el síndrome de apnea e hipoapnea son la expansión rápida maxilar y dispositivos de avance mandibular. No se encontró suficiente evidencia para determinar que estos dispositivos resuelvan completamente el síndrome, pero disminuyen el índice de apnea e hipoapnea y sus signos y síntomas.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea and hypoapnea syndrome refers to a respiratory sleep disorder with an increased prevalence among children. There are many therapeutic alternatives, focused on controlling trigger factors and the signs and symptoms progression. The objective of this review is to describe the effects of the available treatments for sleep apnea and hypoapnea syndrome in children with sagittal and transverse intermaxillary anomalies. Materials and Method: An electronic search was performed in PubMed database, Epistemonikos, EBSCO, Tripdatabase, and The Cochrane Library, using the keywords "Obstructive sleep apnea", "Obstructive sleep apnoea", "Sleep apnea syndrome", "Sleep apnoea syndrome", "Sleep apnea", "Sleep apnoea", "hypoapnea", "OSA", "Treatment", "Therapy", "Children", "Pediatric", "Craniofacial abnormalities", "Craniofacial anomalies", "Craniofacial abnormality" and "Orthodontic". Also, a retrieval search in the selected articles references was performed. Results: 23 articles were included; 12 clinical trials, 6 systematic reviews, 1 observational study and 4 narrative reviews. Conclusion: There are two types of orthopedic treatment for sleep apnea and hypoapnea syndrome in children with sagittal and transverse intermaxillary anomalies rapid maxillary expansion and mandibular advancement devices. There was not enough evidence to determine that these devices achieve the syndrome's complete resolution. An important decrease in the apnea and hypoapnea index and signs and symptoms were observed.