UFLC/MS-IT-TOF guided isolation of anti-HBV active chlorogenic acid analogues from Artemisia capillaris as a traditional Chinese herb for the treatment of hepatitis.

ABSTRACT

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hepatitis B induced by HBV is a serious health problem. Artemisia capillaris (Yin-Chen) has long been used to treat hepatitis in traditional Chinese medicine. Coumarins, flavonoids and organic acids were revealed as its hepatoprotective and choleretic components, but its anti-HBV active components remain unknown. This current study focused on its anti-HBV active constituents by various chromatographic methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: LC/MS and bioassay-guided fractionation on the active extract of Artemisia capillaris led to the isolation of nine chlorogenic acid analogues. Structures of the isolates were elucidated by MS/MS and NMR techniques. Anti-HBV assay was performed on HepG 2.2.15 cell line in vitro reduction of HBsAg and HBeAg secretions was measured by an ELISA method; inhibition of HBV DNA replication was monitored by real-time quantitative PCR and cellular toxicity was assessed by a MTT method. RESULTS: The 90% ethanol extract of Artemisia capillaris (Fr. AC) showed significantly inhibitory activity on HBV DNA replication with an IC50 value of 76.1 ± 3.9 µg/mL and low cytotoxic effects (SI>20.1). To clarify its active constituents, the extract was further separated into 3 sub-fractions (AC-1, AC-2 and AC-3), of which Fr. AC-2 was the most active fraction against HBeAg secretion and HBV DNA replication with IC50 values of 44.2 ± 2.8 and 23.2 ± 1.9 µg/mL. Nine chlorogenic acid analogues were detected from the active part (Fr. AC-2) by a LC/MS technique and further separated by a HPLC method. The isolates were determined as chlorogenic acid (1), cryptochlorogenic acid (2), neochlorogenic acid (3), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (5), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (6), chlorogenic acid methyl ester (7), cryptochlorogenic acid methyl ester (8), neochlorogenic acid methyl ester (9). Compounds 1-6 possessed potent activity against HBV DNA replication with IC50 values in the range of 5.5 ± 0.9-13.7 ± 1.3 µM. Di-caffeoyl analogues (4-6) also exhibited activity against the secretions of HBsAg and HBeAg. Esterified analogues (7-9) showed dramatically decreased anti-HBV activity, indicating that carboxyl group is closely associated to the anti-HBV activity. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation was focused on the active fractions of Artemisia capillaris and their active compositions, which showed that Fr. AC-2 was the main active section of Artemisia capillaris and chlorogenic acid analogues were the main constituents contributing to its anti-HBV activity. These results support the ethnopharmacological use of Artemisia capillaris as anti-HBV agents.