Betaine recovers hypothalamic neural injury by inhibiting astrogliosis and inflammation in fructose-fed rats.
Mol Nutr Food Res
; 59(2): 189-202, 2015 Feb.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-25303559
ABSTRACT
SCOPE Hypothalamic astrogliosis and inflammation cause neural injury, playing a critical role in metabolic syndrome development. This study investigated whether and how fructose caused hypothalamic astrogliosis and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. The inhibitory effects of betaine on hypothalamic neural injury, astrogliosis, and inflammation were explored to address its improvement of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS:
Rats or astrocytes were exposed to fructose and then treated with betaine. Neural injury, proinflammatory markers, Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway, and histone deacetylases 3 (HDAC3) expressions were evaluated. The reduction of pro-opiomelanocortin and melanocortin 4 receptor positive neurons in fructose-fed rats was ameliorated by betaine. Moreover, fructose induced astrogliosis and proinflammatory cytokine production by increasing TLR4, MyD88 (where MyD88 is myeloid differentiation factor 88), and NF-κB expression in rat hypothalamus and astrocytes. HDAC3 overexpression preserved the prolonged inflammation in fructose-stimulated astrocytes by regulating nuclear NF-κB-dependent transcription. Betaine suppressed TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation and HDAC3 expression, contributing to its inhibition of hypothalamic astrogliosis and inflammation in animal and cell models.CONCLUSION:
These findings suggest that betaine inhibits fructose-caused astrogliosis and inflammation by the suppression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation and HDAC3 expression to protect against hypothalamic neural injury, which, at least partly, contributes to the improvement of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Bases de datos:
MEDLINE
Medicinas Complementárias:
Homeopatia
Asunto principal:
Betaína
/
Fructosa
/
Gliosis
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Enfermedades Hipotalámicas
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Inflamación
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Mol Nutr Food Res
Año:
2015
Tipo del documento:
Article