[Research progress on the etiology and pathogenesis of spina bifida].

OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress on etiology and pathogenesis of spina bifida. METHODS: By consulting relevant domestic and foreign research literature on spina bifida, the classification, epidemic trend, pathogenesis, etiology, prevention and treatment of it were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS: Spina bifida, a common phenotype of neural tube defects, is classified based on the degree and pattern of malformation associated with neuroectodermal involvement and is due to the disturbance of neural tube closure 28 days before embryonic development. The prevalence of spina bifida varies greatly among different ethnic groups and regions, and its etiology is complex. Currently, some spina bifida patients can be prevented by folic acid supplements, and with the improvement of treatment technology, the short-term and long-term survival rate of children with spina bifida has improved. CONCLUSION: The research on the pathogenesis of spina bifida will be based on the refined individual information on exposure, genetics, and complex phenotype, and will provide a theoretical basis for improving prevention and treatment strategies through multidisciplinary cooperation.