Performance of an immobilized microalgae-based process for wastewater treatment and biomass production: Nutrients removal, lipid induction, microalgae harvesting and dewatering.

Immobilized microalgae are good for wastewater treatment and biomass production. This study investigated treatment efficiency of a continuously operated system employing immobilized microalgae for secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants, as well as the effectiveness on induction of valuable products, harvesting and dewatering of microalgae biomass. Under semi-continuous operation condition, microalgal dry weight increased 4.75 times within 2 d, associated with the highest removal rate of ammonia and phosphate at 28.95 mg/L·d and 4.83 mg/L·d, respectively. An immobilized microalgae membrane bioreactor (iMBR) was continuously operated for a month. The harvested immobilized microalgae beads were transferred to induction stage to obtain 4.5 times increase of lipid content per cell within 2 d. Immobilized microalgae performed 1.9 cm/s settling velocity and 97% water removal efficiency around 40 °C. A prospective integrated process on resource recovery and carbon neutrality was proposed for wastewater treatment, induction, harvesting and dewatering of immobilized microalgae cells.