Effects of dietary nano-selenium supplementation on Riemerella anatipestifer vaccinated and challenged Pekin ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos).

ABSTRACT

Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is a common disease causing economic losses to duck farms worldwide. Novel supplements are crucially needed to control this bacterium, enhance poultry performance, and produce synergistic effects with vaccines in stimulating the immune system. This study investigated the effect of nano-selenium (Nano-Se) on the vaccinated (VAC) and challenged (Ch) Pekin ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) with RA. Five experimental groups (G1-G5) were included in this study G1 was the control group, G2 was the RA-challenged group, G3 was the Nano-Se+Ch group, G4 was the VAC+Ch group, and G5 was the Nano-Se+VAC+Ch group. The Nano-Se (0.3 mg/kg diet) was supplemented for 5 weeks post-vaccination (PV). The ducklings were vaccinated subcutaneously with the RA vaccine at 7 days of age and challenged with RA at the 3rd week PV. Blood, pharyngeal swabs and tissue samples were collected at the 3rd week PV and at different times post-challenge (PC). The growth performance (weight gain and feed conversion ratio), clinical signs, gross lesions, mortality, bacterial shedding, haematological, immunological, and biochemical parameters, cytokines production, and histopathological lesion scores showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between the challenged (G2) group and the supplemented (G3 & G5) groups. G5 showed the highest (P < 0.05) growth performance, phagocytic activity, IgM and IgG, splenic interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene expressions, and the lowest mortality, bacterial shedding, hepatic and renal damage, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and lesion scores compared to the other groups. In conclusion, the supplementation of nano-selenium for five weeks in the diet can improve the growth performance, immune status, and cytokines production in ducklings vaccinated and challenged with RA.