Structural characterization and calcium absorption-promoting effect of sucrose-calcium chelate in Caco-2 monolayer cells and mice.

ABSTRACT

Sucrose emerges as a chelating agent to form a stable sucrose-metal-ion chelate that can potentially improve metal-ion absorption. This study aimed to analyze the structure of sucrose-calcium chelate and its potential to promote calcium absorption in both Caco-2 monolayer cells and mice. The characterization results showed that calcium ions mainly chelated with hydroxyl groups in sucrose to produce sucrose-calcium chelate, altering the crystal structure of sucrose (forming polymer particles) and improving its thermal stability. Sucrose-calcium chelate dose dependently increased the amount of calcium uptake, retention, and transport in the Caco-2 monolayer cell model. Compared to CaCl2 , there was a significant improvement in the proportion of absorbed calcium utilized for transport but not retention (93.13 ± 1.75% vs. 67.67 ± 7.55%). Further treatment of calcium channel inhibitors demonstrated the active transport of sucrose-calcium chelate through Cav1.3. Cellular thermal shift assay and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays indicated that the ability of sucrose-calcium chelate to promote calcium transport was attributed to its superior ability to bind with PMCA1b, a calcium transporter located on the basement membrane, and stimulate its gene expression compared to CaCl2 . Pharmacokinetic analysis of mice confirmed the calcium absorption-promoting effect of sucrose-calcium chelate, as evident by the higher serum calcium level (44.12 ± 1.90 mg/L vs. 37.42 ± 1.88 mmol/L) and intestinal PMCA1b gene expression than CaCl2 . These findings offer a new understanding of how sucrose-calcium chelate enhances intestinal calcium absorption and could be used as an ingredient in functional foods to treat calcium deficiency. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The development of high-quality calcium supplements is crucial for addressing the various adverse symptoms associated with calcium deficiency. This study aimed to prepare a sucrose-calcium chelate and analyze its structure, as well as its potential to enhance calcium absorption in Caco-2 monolayer cells and mice. The results demonstrated that the sucrose-calcium chelate effectively promoted calcium absorption. Notably, its ability to enhance calcium transport was linked to its strong binding with PMCA1b, a calcium transporter located on the basement membrane, and its capacity to stimulate PMCA1b gene expression. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how the sucrose-calcium chelate enhances intestinal calcium absorption and suggest its potential use as an ingredient in functional foods for treating calcium deficiency.