Traumatic Brain Injury pathophysiology and treatments: early, intermediate, and late phases post-injury.
Int J Mol Sci
; 15(1): 309-41, 2013 Dec 30.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-24381049
ABSTRACT
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) affects a large proportion and extensive array of individuals in the population. While precise pathological mechanisms are lacking, the growing base of knowledge concerning TBI has put increased emphasis on its understanding and treatment. Most treatments of TBI are aimed at ameliorating secondary insults arising from the injury; these insults can be characterized with respect to time post-injury, including early, intermediate, and late pathological changes. Early pathological responses are due to energy depletion and cell death secondary to excitotoxicity, the intermediate phase is characterized by neuroinflammation and the late stage by increased susceptibility to seizures and epilepsy. Current treatments of TBI have been tailored to these distinct pathological stages with some overlap. Many prophylactic, pharmacologic, and surgical treatments are used post-TBI to halt the progression of these pathologic reactions. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms of the pathological hallmarks of TBI and both current and novel treatments which target the respective pathways.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Métodos Terapêuticos e Terapias MTCI:
Terapias_biologicas
/
Oxigenoterapia_hiperbrica
Assunto principal:
Lesões Encefálicas
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Mol Sci
Ano de publicação:
2013
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos