Nationwide survey of continence status among older adult residents living in long-term care facilities in Japan: The prevalence and associated risk factors of incontinence and effect of comprehensive care on continence status.

AIM: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of urinary, fecal and double incontinence among Japanese residents aged ≥65 years living in long-term care facilities. Furthermore, the association between baseline characteristics and changes in toileting activity after a 3-month comprehensive care among older individuals was investigated. METHODS: We examined the prevalence of incontinence and its significant predictors. The association between the Functional Independence Measure score at baseline and each type of incontinence (urinary, fecal or double incontinence) was examined using a logistic regression model. Similarly, the association between the Functional Independence Measure score at baseline and improvement in toileting activity after a 3-month comprehensive care was examined. RESULTS: In total, 2517 residents (670 men and 1847 women) were recruited. The prevalence rates of urinary, fecal and double incontinence were 66.9%, 42.8% and 41.1%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the sum of the motor subscales after removing four continence items and the sum of the cognitive subscales of the Functional Independence Measure score at baseline were significantly associated with all types of incontinence. The sum of the motor subscales after removing four continence items of the Functional Independence Measure score was associated with improved toileting activity. CONCLUSIONS: This study presented the prevalence of urinary, fecal and double incontinence among residents living in long-term care facilities in Japan. The Functional Independence Measure items at baseline were associated with not only continence status, but also improved toileting activity after 3-month comprehensive care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 285-290.