Nitrogen and phosphorus removals by the agar-immobilized Chlorella sacchrarophila with long-term preservation at room temperature.

Immobilized microalgae have great potential on the nutrient removal during wastewater treatment. However, their applications are challenged by how to cost-effectively maintain and preserve large number of viable and active microalgal cells. In this study, the cells of Chlorella sacchrarophila were immobilized in the agar containing with algal nutrient, encapsulated in a transparent package and preserved at room temperature. After the preservation for 200 days, microalgal cells with viability of 47-52% were maintained and could be quickly revived after the cultivation in fresh algal medium. Based on the agar-immobilized microalgae, the NH4+-N and PO43--P were efficiently removed from batch and continuous cultures, with the highest removal efficiencies ranging from 96% to 99% were observed. Even being recycled for eight times, the agar-immobilized microalgae were still able to remove 94% of NH4+-N and 66% of PO43--P. Moreover, more than 60% of the nutrient removal efficiency was determined even the agar-immobilized microalgae being preserved for 120 days at room temperature. This work provides a simple, cost-effective and practicable method for the long-term preservation of microalgae at room temperature, which makes the application of microalgal species on the nutrient removal during wastewater treatment more convenient and useful.